共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
生油岩与火成岩的相互作用研究初探：—有机酸对火成岩的蚀变及过渡金属对有机质演化的催化作用 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
在发育火成岩的生油层中，微生物和热作用导致生油岩有机质形成有机酸，这些有机酸对火山矿物中的金属元素有一种有效的熔剂和迁移介质，特别是能促使其中的过渡金属活化和溶解。这样造成与火成岩共存的生油岩内过渡金属含量显著增加，一些过渡金属是有机质成烃演化良好的催化剂。同时火山和热液活动还能向生油层提供过渡金属元素，从而使与火成岩共生的生油岩油气生成量大大提高。 相似文献
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对１％ＮａＯＨ提取沼泽区样品中有机结合Ｃｕ的有效性进行了初步研究，提出提取介质中有机结合金属不仅可圈定矿化而且可用于研究不同景观区元素表生活动规律，并为区域化探方法选择提供理论依据。 相似文献
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过渡族金属同位素研究是近几年才发展起来的研究领域,在环境、生物、成矿和天体化学方面有着巨大的发展潜力.但过渡族金属的分离和同位素的测定方法并不十分成熟.本文就过渡金属同位素的测定方法做了简要概述并通过条件试验得出一些简单结论. 相似文献
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天然矿物低温催化脂肪酸酯生烃反应动力学研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
选择十八烷酸甲酯为模型化合物,以 10种天然矿物为载体,通过动力学方法考察了天然矿物对脂肪酸酯生烃反应的催化作用.结果表明,地质低温条件下天然矿物对脂肪酸酯生烃反应具有催化作用.矿物的催化作用主要体现在对反应活化能和指前因子的影响上.粘土、碳酸盐和金属元素对于脂肪酸酯生烃反应具有不同的催化作用,碳酸盐矿物相对于粘土矿物使生烃反应的活化能降低,过渡金属化合物矿物存在时,催化反应活化能介于碳酸盐和粘土矿物之间.天然矿物的存在能够升高或降低反应指前因子. 相似文献
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笔者利用宏量组分、微量组分、痕量金属组分的化学总量、环境因子等测试资料,深入讨论了胶州湾不同介质痕量金属的生物地球化学总体特征及各介质痕量金属组分在平面上的分布,揭示了胶州湾水生系统对陆源物质输入的响应。整个水生系统从垂向上看,表层沉积物是所有痕量金属组分的富集带;该系统中的生物相对于其所处水环境具有显著的富集痕量金属组分作用,生物体中Cu、Hg和As生物浓缩系数依次为1385、93和725。从横向上看,痕量金属组分化学场的研究揭示了痕量金属组分总量在底层水和沉积物介质中的分布主要受控于河口,即高值区分布于胶州湾的各个主要河口区,特别是沉积物中金属组分浓度的高值区主要集中分布于胶州湾的东部。而孔隙水中Cu的高值主要分布于水交替较弱的海域,如红岛前缘。但生物体中的痕量金属组分化学场空间分布规律与上述各介质的化学场均不吻合,亦即生物体中痕量金属组分的浓度与其所处环境中的同名金属组分浓度无关。生物对痕量金属组分的富集并不简单地取决于它所处环境介质中同名金属组分的总量,而存在形态上的选择性。并且通过回归分析揭示了底层水对生物体中Cu、Hg和As的富集贡献较大。 相似文献
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金刚石中过渡金属的研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了揭示金刚石的合成机理与过渡金属杂质离子对金刚石物理性质的影响，国内外展开了对合成金刚石及天然金刚石中镍，钴和铁等过渡金属杂质的实验与理论研究，各种吸收与发光光谱法和电子顺磁共振，被用于金刚石中过渡金属离子赋存状态的研究中，结果表明镍、钴离子可以间隙形式或替代方式进入晶格。 相似文献
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Mn2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+对衣藻Chlamydomonas reinhardtii碳酸酐酶胞外酶(CAe)活性的影响研究表明,CAe活性对过渡金属的响应因金属种类的不同而不同;这些过渡金属影响CAe主要通过两个途径直接与CAe作用和间接影响藻细胞内CAe的新陈代谢. 相似文献
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有机包裹体研究的某些进展施继锡（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）兰文波（中国科学院地质新技术研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词有机包裹体，油气勘探和金属有机成矿，分析方法有机包裹体及其在油气勘探与金属有机成矿中的应用，已成为流体包裹体研究的... 相似文献
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文中提出了一种液态离子固结剂,该处理剂能够有效提高页岩气井井壁的力学强度。通过开展室内实验以及进行相关分析,初步了解了添加液态离子固结剂的钻井液的基本性能,并探究了该体系钻井液对炭质页岩膨胀的抑制性以及对炭质页岩力学强度的影响。发现钻井液滤失量随液态离子固结剂含量的增加先减小后增大;在各配方钻井液中的压制岩心膨胀率明显低于在清水中的,但液态离子固结剂含量增加使得钻井液中的压制岩心膨胀率越来越高;各钻井液处理的岩粉所制成的剪切试样抗剪强度高于经清水处理的,随着液态离子固结剂含量的增加,试样抗剪强度总体上先升高再下降,且试样单轴抗压强度增大。实验结果表明,在适宜的含量范围内,液态离子固结剂有助于增强钻井液维护井壁稳定的能力。 相似文献
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Bjørn O. Mysen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(6):871-885
Results of a survey of experimental data on trace element partitioning between crystals and coexisting liquid and between crystals and coexisting aqueous fluid are reported. These studies involve combinations of elements such as Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li, Ba, Sr, Ni and Sm dissolved in minerals such as feldspars, micas, feldspathoids, garnets, pyroxenes, amphibole and olivine. It is shown that the concentration ranges of these elements in minerals with solution behavior according to Henry's law appear to extend to less than 1 wt.% and often to less than 100 ppm of the element in the crystalline phase.The available data indicate that the concentration ranges of solution in minerals according to Henry's law can be positively correlated with the difference of ionic radii between trace element and the host element for which the tracer is assumed to substitute. Furthermore, studies involving crystals and coexisting aqueous fluid have been used to determine whether Henry's law or Raoult's law adequately describes the solution. Based on the assumption that the aqueous fluid solution can be considered ideal, models have been proposed stating that if the difference between the ionic radii of the tracer and the host element in the crystalline phase is less than about 10% (relative to the host element), the solution is ideal (Raoult's law). With larger differences between the ionic radii, there is an excess free energy of mixing, although Henry's law is still obeyed in the concentration ranges where crystalliquid or crystal-fluid partition coefficients are independent of element concentration. 相似文献
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A. S. Rodriguez Castillo S. Guihéneuf P.-F. Biard L. Paquin A. Amrane A. Couvert 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(3):621-630
Classical hydrophobic ionic liquids such as 3-butyl-1-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoroethylsulfonyl)imide or 3-butyl-1-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate application, as a non-aqueous liquid phase in a two-partitioning bioreactor to biodegrade hydrophobic volatile organic compounds by activated sludge, have been already reported in the literature, especially when the activated sludge was beforehand acclimated to the targeted volatile organic compound. In this study, four hydrophobic ionic liquids were used as non-aqueous liquid phase in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor to biodegrade toluene using non-acclimated activated sludge. The preliminarily results allowed to select two ionic liquids, 1-octylisoquinolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and allyl-diethylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The activated sludge was acclimated to both toluene and the considered ionic liquid. The results were compared to those obtained with non-acclimated activated sludge. The use of non-acclimated activated sludge for toluene biodegradation led to long lag times and low biodegradation rates. Thus, the acclimation to toluene improved the biodegradation rates; however, acclimation to both toluene and ionic liquid did not result in a significant improvement in the biodegradation rate compared to an acclimation to toluene alone. The activated sludge acclimation had a positive impact on toluene biodegradation and allowed to totally overcome the inhibitory effect of the presence of ionic liquid. The most relevant acclimation strategy seems to be a prior acclimation to toluene, whereas acclimation to the non-aqueous liquid phase can be achieved during the culture, namely by performing successive batches for instance, or a continuous operation. 相似文献
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新场气田是川西的主力产气区,发育深层上三叠统(须家河组二段、须家河组四段)和中浅层中、上侏罗统(上沙溪庙组、蓬莱镇组)含气层系,均不同程度地产出地层水,气水关系复杂,不同层位间气水存在一定的联系。纵向上,深层地层水埋深为3 000~5 500 m,随埋深增加矿化度、盐化系数逐渐增大,呈现高演化地层水特征;中浅层地层水埋深为500~2 200 m,沟通较频繁,水化学特征差异不大,均呈现低矿化度、低盐化系数和高碳酸氢根离子浓度特点;两者之间为地层水混合过渡带。平面上,中浅层上沙溪庙组地层水矿化度在断裂发育带附近出现高值,高值范围与深层须家河组地层水矿化度低值区基本相对应。这主要是由局部深层与中浅层地层水沿向下断至深层、向上断至中浅层的断层垂向沟通并发生混合作用导致的。中浅层断裂附近,沿断裂带上涌的深层地层水与中浅层原始沉积地层水发生混合作用,使得砂体富含高矿化度地层水,天然气则沿渗透性砂体侧向运移并在一定距离的圈闭内聚集成藏,这对研究区中浅层天然勘探具有指导意义。 相似文献
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Dehydration reaction and isotope front transport induced by CO2 infiltration at Nuliyam, South India
The field relations from a quarry at Nuliyam, South India, illustrate dehydration of an amphibolite facies gneiss to granulite facies charnockite by CO2 influx, over a scale of 30 m. Both the calc-silicate source of the fluids and the full extent of their penetration into the gneiss are preserved in a continuous section. Fluid flow is by a hydraulic fracture mechanism, but is thought to be pervasive. The sharp reaction front predicted by the continuum mechanical theory for advective fluid transport is not observed. The front spreading is on too large a scale for either diffusive or dispersive control and is due to local kinetic disequilibrium between the fluid and rock, although the divariant nature of the reaction may also have a limited effect. The time-integrated fluid flux varies from the instantaneous porosity at the fluid front to 20 vol. % adjacent to the calc-silicate. Carbon isotope budgets suggest that decarbonation of the calc-silicate by a Rayleigh fractionation process provides a sufficient source for the CO2 influxing into the gneiss. Graphite abundances vary from 0.01 to 0.1% (by weight), it is principally derived by precipitation from the fluid and may be modelled from phase equilibria. Carbon isotope fronts coincide with the reaction front on the scale of sampling, although isotopic disequilibrium between graphite and inclusion-CO2 also implies local fluid-rock disequilibrium. 相似文献
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六苴铜矿床是中国南方中、新生代红层盆地中典型的陆相砂岩型铜矿床,具有明显的"金属矿物分带"及"浅色和紫色砂岩过渡带控矿"两大特征。为探讨该矿床流体演化及成矿机制,本文以矿化类型及成矿期次划分为基础,进行了详细的流体包裹体特征、显微测温及成分分析研究。研究结果表明,六苴铜矿床成矿作用主要经历成岩期和改造期两个时期,改造期分早、晚两阶段。两期次的流体包裹体均以纯液相型和富液型盐水包裹体为主,流体均一温度具有先升高后降低的演化趋势,温度范围分别为:96~164℃、108~227℃、94~159℃;而盐度(w(NaCl))差别不大,改造期比成岩期略低,范围分别为2.7%~16.7%、2.1%~13.8%、1.2%~13.5%,总体属中低温-中低盐度盆地卤水。包裹体岩相学观察与激光拉曼气相成分测试表明,成岩期含少量烃类包裹体,而改造期含少量CO2包裹体。两期包裹体群体成分也有一定差异:挥发分具有从还原性富有机质的CH4端元向相对氧化的CO2端元演化的特点;离子成分由富SO42-(-Cl-)-Ca2+-K+型向富Cl--Na+型转变。成岩期流体演化形成了砂岩铜矿层状产出的浸染状或纹层状矿(化)体,改造期的构造流体在层状矿(化)体基础上进一步演化形成受构造控制的条带状、脉状富矿体(脉)。 相似文献
17.
P. Negrea A. Popa L. Lupa R. Voda 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(8):1873-1882
This article presents the use of ionic liquid in the removal process of thallium ions using solid–liquid extraction by impregnating ionic liquid (1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) onto an inorganic solid support (Florisil). The influence of impregnation was studied in order to improve the adsorption capacity of the material obtained. Impregnation was realized with the help of a rotavapor. Stirring time and temperature used were varied. Ionic liquid-impregnated materials obtained at different conditions of impregnation were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In order to determine the most efficient adsorbent material, the materials obtained were used in the removal process of thallium ions from aqueous solutions, varying the initial concentration of thallium ions and the stirring time used in the adsorption process. It was observed that for the improving the adsorption capacity of the obtained ionic liquid-impregnated material, it is not necessary to increase the stirring time of the impregnation process but to increase the temperature. The experimental data obtained in the adsorption process were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption of thallium ions onto Florisil impregnated with 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid corresponds to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 相似文献
18.
The role of the grain boundary at chemical and isotopic fronts in marble during contact metamorphism
Hideki Wada Takamaru Ando Masayuki Suzuki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,132(4):309-320
Carbon and oxygen isotopic profiles around a low pressure metasomatic wollastonite reaction front in a marble of the Hida
metamorphic terrain, central Japan, display typical metamorphic fluid-enhanced isotopic zonations. Isotopic profiles obtained
from detailed microscale analyses perpendicular to the chemical reaction front in calcite marble show that diffusion-enhanced
isotopic exchange may control these profiles. Carbon and oxygen isotopic behaviour in grain boundaries is remarkably different.
Oxygen isotopic troughs (18O depleted rims) around the calcite-grain boundaries are widely observed in this contact aureole, demonstrating that diffusion
of oxygen in calcite grain boundary dominates over lattice diffusion in calcite. In contrast, no difference is observed in
carbon isotopic profiles obtained from grain cores and rims. There is thus no specific role of the grain boundary for diffusion
of carbonic species in the metamorphic fluid during transportation. Carbon chemical species such as CO2 and CO3 ions in metamorphic fluid migrate mainly through lattice diffusion. The carbon and oxygen isotope profiles may be modelled
by diffusion into a semi-infinite medium. Empirically lattice diffusion of oxygen isotopes is almost six times faster than
that of carbon isotopes, and oxygen grain-boundary diffusion is ten times faster than oxygen lattice diffusion. Oxygen isotopic
results around the wollastonite vein indicate that migration of the metamorphic fluid into calcite marble was small and was
parallel to the aquifer. From the stability of wollastonite and the attainment of oxygen isotopic equilibrium, we suggest
that diffusion of oxygen occurred through an aqueous fluid phase. The timescale of formation of the oxygen isotopic profile
around the wollastonite vein is calculated to be about 0.76 × 106 years using the experimentally determined diffusion constant.
Received: 14 January 1997 / Accepted: 23 April 1998 相似文献
19.
巴什布拉克铀矿床位于新疆喀什凹陷北西部一套陆相碎屑沉积岩中。野外调查发现,伴随铀矿化发育大量地沥青、油气残留物。本文对采自巴什布拉克铀矿床的地沥青含矿砂岩矿石进行了流体包裹体测试和有机地球化学分析,以确定成矿流体的温度和盐度以及成矿物理化学背景,追索有机质的来源,进而探讨矿床成因。镜下观测发现,含矿砂岩中含有大量的油气包裹体,其中以液烃包裹体为主,含有少量气液烃包裹体和含烃盐水包裹体。流体包裹体测温结果表明,成矿流体均一温度为71~193℃,盐度为0.71~23.05(wt%NaCl),整体上属于低温低盐度的成矿流体。同时求得巴什布拉克铀矿成矿压力为77.90~211.75(105Pa),成矿深度在0.26~0.71 km。有机地球化学分析表明,矿区有机质的氯仿沥青"A"变化不大,为0.0019%~0.0026%,有机质来源以海相藻类为主。样品的OEP(奇偶优势指数)为0.72~0.84,平均为0.78,显示了有机质高成熟的特征;CPI(碳优势指数)为1.16~1.35,平均为1.25,指示热演化程度较高;Pr/Ph(姥鲛烷/植烷)为0.77~1.01,平均为0.89,说明有机质处在还原环境中。结合野外地质特征,认为巴什布拉克铀矿床为油气还原成因,沿断裂和岩石孔隙上升的油气的还原作用是铀成矿的主要因素。 相似文献
20.
Ionic liquid as a medium to remove iron and other metal ions: a case study of the North Kelantan Aquifer,Malaysia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Nur Hayati Hussin Ismail Yusoff Yatimah Alias Sharifah Mohamad Nurul Yani Rahim Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2105-2113
An alternative iron removal treatment method using liquid-liquid extraction with the room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, as a solvent medium was studied. The chelating agent 1,10-phenanthroline was used as the extractant. The extraction of Fe(III) and Fe(II) was influenced significantly by the pH of the aqueous phase. The successful removal of iron was achieved; more than 95 % of the initial iron concentration was removed from the groundwater samples. However, detailed research is needed before the ionic liquid method can replace the conventional groundwater treatment protocol because the recovery rate was very low upon reuse (approximately 25–60 %). This low recovery was due to the ion exchange process; the appearance of anions from ionic liquids was also detected in groundwater samples. 相似文献