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1.
应用扩增片段长度多态性技术(AFLP),比较研究了岱衢洋大黄鱼养殖群体和官井洋大黄鱼养殖群体的遗传多样性。9对选择性引物组合,在2个群体的40个个体中共扩增出381个位点,其中多态位点为288个。2个养殖群体的多态位点比例、Nei′s基因多样性指数、Shannon多样性指数分别为65.01%和57.50%,0.162 3和0.1175,0.254 7和0.185 6,显示岱衢洋大黄鱼F2代养殖群体的遗传多样性高于官井洋大黄鱼繁育多代养殖群体的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析图显示2个群体各自聚成一支。遗传分化系数Gst及AMOVA分析表明,2个群体的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间,但群体间已有一定程度的遗传分化。 相似文献
2.
大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)岱衢洋选育群体和官井洋养殖群体的遗传差异分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用RAPD技术对大黄鱼岱衢洋选育群体和官井洋养殖群体的遗传差异进行研究,选取15条10bp随机引物,共检测出96个RAPD位点。结果表明,岱衢洋选育群体的多态位点比例为33.33%,平均杂合度为0.3008,Shannon多样性信息指数为0.0879,群体内个体间平均遗传相似系数为0.9079,平均遗传距离为0.0921;官井洋养殖群体的多态位点比例为43.75%,平均杂合度为0.3298,Shannon信息指数为0.1221,群体内个体间平均遗传相似系数为0.8784,平均遗传距离为0.1216。大部分遗传变异(93.52%)存在于群体内,少部分遗传变异(6.48%)存在于群体间。两群体间的Nei氏标准遗传距离为0.0123。以上分析表明,大黄鱼官井洋养殖群体的遗传多样性水平高于岱衢洋选育群体,但两个群体都处于较低的遗传多样性水平,需要对大黄鱼的种质资源进行科学管理和保护,以避免遗传多样性下降。 相似文献
3.
丹江口水库翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术,分析了丹江口水库野生翘嘴红鲌30个个体的遗传多样性.用10个RAPD引物对其基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得66个重复性好且谱带清晰的扩增位点,片段大小在200--2000bp之间,其中多态性位点24个,多态位点比例为36.36%;个体间遗传距离在0.0338-0.1426之间,平均为0.0941;Shannon信息指数为0.1083.用10个ISSR引物共检测到73个位点,其中多态性位点28个,多态位点比例38.36%;个体间遗传距离在0.0376-O.1652之间.平均为0.1058;Shannon信息指数为0.1196.结果显示,丹江口水库野生翘嘴红鲌的多态位点比例、平均遗传距离和Shannon信息指数均较大,说明其有较丰富的遗传多样性. 相似文献
4.
短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)四个地理群体遗传特性的AFLP 分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用AFLP标记技术对我国北方近海短蛸的遗传多样性进行分析。采用6对AFLP引物组合对4个群体(大连、烟台、青岛、连云港)120个个体进行扩增,其中每对引物扩增位点数在42—66之间,共得到303个扩增位点。4个群体内的多态位点比例为62.03%—67.93%。群体的Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.2353—0.2617,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.3497—0.3863,群体间的遗传距离为0.0497—0.085;大连群体的多态位点比例、Shannon多样性指数和群体Nei’s基因多样性指数均高于其它三个群体。用UPGMA方法构建的群体系统进化树显示,大连群体与烟台群体聚到一起,青岛群体与连云港群体聚到一起,显示群体间具有典型的地理特征,但群体间存在遗传渗透。分子变异分析(AMOVA)结果表明,短蛸群体88.28%的变异来源于群体内,群体间的变异占11.72%,显示短蛸的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间,但群体间已经有了一定程度的遗传分化。 相似文献
5.
“黄海1号”中国对虾不同世代间的AFLP分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用AFLP技术对中国对虾野生群体和第9、10代选育群体的遗传多样性及遗传分化进行分析,计算了3个群体间的遗传多态度、遗传距离及分化系数.结果显示,5对引物共产生了137条带,其中多态性条带有63条,平均每对引物检测到 12.6条多态性条带.3个群体的多态位点比例分别为45.99%、40.57%和41.02%;Shannon 多样性指数分别为0.181 8,0.180 7和0.177 4;野生群体与选育群体之间的遗传距离及分化都比较大,但选育群体之间的遗传距离和分化都很小分别为0.003 1和0.020 6.结果表明,选育群体相较于野生群体多态位点比例和遗传多态度均有所下降,随着选育时间的延长,相邻世代群体间遗传距离和分化也均有所下降,出现趋同现象,显示出"黄海1号"新品种具有遗传上的稳定性. 相似文献
6.
应用AFLP分子标记技术对我国沿海大竹蛏(Solen grandis)群体的遗传多样性进行了分析,利用筛选出的7对AFLP引物,对丹东、烟台、莱州、日照和南通5个地理群体的141只大竹蛏个体进行了扩增,共得到了403个位点,片段大小在100—700bp之间。其中丹东、烟台、莱州、南通4个群体的大竹蛏遗传多样性水平接近,日照群体的多态位点比例高于其它4个群体,结合Shannon’s信息指数(I)和Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)看,日照群体的遗传多样性水平最高,而南通群体的遗传多样性水平最低。AMOVA分析得到群体间遗传分化系数Φst=0.2250(P<0.001),群体间的变异百分率为22.5%,群体内为77.5%,说明群体的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间的遗传差异,但群体间也存在一定程度的基因渗透。 相似文献
7.
栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)自然群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用RAPD技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)的四个自然群体(大连、烟台、青岛、韩国)的遗传多样性进行了分析。12个随机引物在四个群体中共检测到123个位点,其中多态位点109个,多态位点比例为88.62%;四个群体中均未检测到各群体特有的扩增带。韩国、烟台、大连、青岛四个群体的遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)分别为0.2557、0.2557、0.2344和0.2249,以韩国和烟台群体遗传多样性较高,其次为大连群体,青岛群体最低,但它们之间无明显差异。不同群体的遗传多样性指数的平均数Hpop为0.2427,整个栉孔扇贝自然群体的遗传多样性指数Hsp为0.2503。遗传多样性剖分显示,绝大多数(97%)的遗传多样性是由群体内不同个体间的差异造成的,只有很小部分(3%)的遗传多样性与群体间的遗传分化有关。而采用基于单倍型(等位基因)之间的进化距离的AMOVA分析得到的这两个数据则分别为99%和1%,Φ值为0.010,且P=0.05,表明群体间遗传分化明显程度位于临界值。 相似文献
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养殖对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)群体遗传多样性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用24条随机引物对曼氏无针乌贼1个野生群体和5代养殖群体共120个个体(每个群体20个个体)进行了RAPD群体遗传多样性分析,共扩增出119个位点,片段大小为400-2800bp,平均每条引物的扩增带数为4.96条。各群体的多态位点数19-24个不等,多态位点比例为13.33%-20.16%,Shannon指数为0.0768-0.1018。6个群体的平均杂合度为0.0825-0.1231,期望杂合度为0.1325-0.1524,平均杂合子偏离指数均为负值,表明存在杂合子缺失的现象。乌贼6个群体遗传分化系数FST值在0.0188-0.2436,其中最大出现在野生群体和第5代养殖群体之间。表明6个群体间遗传分化已基本处于遗传分化中等的范围内,而野生群体和第5代养殖群体之间已接近中等分化的底线。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,6个群体的遗传变异中有29.34%是由不同群体间的基因差异造成的。而如果将养殖后的5代群体作为一个总的群体,养殖群体内部有19.38%是由群体间的差异造成的。由此可见,养殖后的曼氏无针乌贼群体相比野生群体多样性指数有所降低,且随着养殖时间的增长养殖群体内部开始出现分化。 相似文献
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为研究斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)4个地理群体的遗传背景,作者应用AFLP分子标记技术对非洲(F)、中国三亚(S)、泰国(T)和印度尼西亚(Y)的斑节对虾群体进行遗传多样性分析。选取8对引物组合对斑节对虾4个群体共128个个体进行分析比较,共获得1 000个位点,其中多态性位点数为830个,各群体多态位点比率为47.8%~58.5%;群体Nei’s遗传多样性指数为0.0917~0.1271,Shannon’s信息指数为0.1484~0.2032。4个群体间的遗传距离,Y与F之间最大,为0.331,T与S之间最小,为0.217。4个群体UPGMA聚类时,S、T与Y聚为一支,F为单独一支;128个个体的UPGMA聚类结果表明,F群体除4个个体外其余个体聚为一大支,S、T、Y群体的部分个体互相混杂。AMOVA分析发现,35.92%的变异来自于群体间,64.08%的变异来自于群体内,群体间的遗传分化系数为0.3592,表明4个群体间的遗传分化程度很大。本研究为斑节对虾遗传育种提供了种质遗传背景资料,并为斑节对虾资源的开发与利用提供基础数据。 相似文献
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野生和养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)遗传差异的RAPD和ISSR研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术,分析了山东威海近海野生和养殖牙鲆的遗传多样性差异。结果表明,用10个RAPD引物对两个样本各30个个体的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得110个重复性好且带谱清晰的扩增位点,片段大小在200—2500bp之间,野生样本和养殖样本的多态位点比例分别为59.09%和60·91%,Shannon多样性值分别为16·563和16·917,野生样本内平均遗传距离为0·17427,养殖样本为0·17553,样本间遗传距离为0·17419。用6个ISSR引物共在两样本中检测到161个位点,野生样本有111个(68·94%)为多态位点,养殖样本有112个(69·57%)为多态位点,野生和养殖样本的样本内平均遗传距离分别为0·19996和0·20007,样本间遗传距离为0·20002,Shannon多样性值分别为29·254和29·688。平均位点多态率显著性检验标明,无论是利用RAPD还是ISSR技术,两群体间平均位点多态率皆差异不显著,说明第一代养殖群体的遗传结构尚未发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献