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1.
《岩土力学》2016,(1)
空间变异土坡可靠度问题应该视为系统可靠度问题,多重响应面法为高效、准确地对其进行求解提供了一条有效途径。针对单一滑面确定了合理的空间变异土坡安全系数的响应面形式,并探讨了可靠度分析精度和随机场离散精度间的近似线性关系。建立基于大量潜在滑面的多重响应面,计算系统失效概率,并识别其中的代表性滑面。通过两个土坡算例验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明:随着空间变异性的增强,土坡可靠度的系统性增强,单一滑面的失效概率将显著低估土坡整体失效概率;通过控制随机场离散精度,可以事先保证一定的可靠度分析精度,从而有效地避免离散出过多并不重要的随机变量;合理地选择多重响应面形式有利于进一步提高计算效率和计算精度;多重响应面法可以同时分析所有潜在滑面的失效概率以及系统失效概率,并识别出代表性滑面,为边坡防治提供参考。 相似文献
2.
提出了一套基于随机响应面法的边坡系统可靠度分析方法。该方法首先从大量潜在滑动面中筛选出代表性滑动面。针对每条代表性滑动面,采用Hermite多项式展开建立其安全系数与土体参数间的非线性显式函数关系（即随机响应面）。然后,采用直接蒙特卡洛模拟计算边坡系统失效概率。在蒙特卡罗模拟中,采用所有代表性滑动面的随机响应面计算每一组样本所对应的边坡最小安全系数。最后,以两个典型多层边坡系统可靠度问题为例验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明：文中提出的边坡系统可靠度分析方法能够有效地识别边坡代表性滑动面,具有较高的计算精度和效率,并且确定代表性滑动面时无需计算滑动面间的相关系数。同时该方法可以有效地计算低失效概率水平的边坡系统可靠度,为含相关非正态参数的边坡系统可靠度问题提供了一条有效的分析途径。此外,多层边坡可能同时存在多条潜在滑动面,基于单一滑动面（如临界确定性滑动面）或者部分代表性滑动面进行边坡系统可靠度分析均会低估边坡失效概率。 相似文献
3.
针对目前含多个相关失效模式的低概率水平岩质边坡系统可靠度分析的难题,提出了基于子集模拟的岩质边坡系统可靠度分析方法,推导了典型边坡系统失效概率计算表达式。为表征不同失效模式间的相关性,提出采用max和min函数构建边坡系统功能函数。并通过含多个相关失效模式的双滑块岩质边坡及锦屏一级左岸坝肩边坡系统可靠度分析验证了提出方法的有效性。结果表明:提出方法计算效率明显高于蒙特卡洛模拟方法,计算精度优于一阶等效近似方法、N维等效方法和Ditlevsen上下限方法,可为解决低概率水平复杂岩质边坡系统可靠度问题提供一个重要的工具。此外,通过max和min函数构建的边坡系统功能函数不仅可以准确地表征边坡不同失效模式间的相关性,而且可为边坡系统可靠度分析提供便利。 相似文献
4.
提出了基于子集模拟的边坡风险评估的高效随机有限元法（RFEM）,推导了基于子集模拟的边坡失效概率和失效风险的计算公式,并给出了基于高效RFEM的边坡可靠度分析和风险评估流程图。采用一个边坡算例验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明,基于子集模拟的高效RFEM可以视为是对基于蒙特卡洛模拟的传统RFEM的改进,显著地提高了失效概率和失效风险的计算效率以及失效样本的产生能力,非常适用于分析小失效概率的可靠度问题,极大地增强了RFEM在边坡可靠度分析和风险评估中的实用性。高效RFEM将边坡的整体失效风险分解为对应不同概率水平的边坡失效风险,并量化了它们对整体风险的相对贡献度。在该方法中,边坡可靠度分析和风险评估与确定性边坡有限元分析互不耦合,极大地简化了它们的计算过程。此外,土体不排水抗剪强度的竖向空间变异性对边坡失效风险具有显著的影响。 相似文献
5.
基于均质路堤边坡Monte Carlo法的稳定可靠度计算,分析了临界滑面搜索策略和稳定分析方法两类模型不确定性对边坡可靠度的影响特性,讨论了边坡失效概率随土工参数变异性的变化规律。研究表明,选用不同的临界滑面搜索策略所得可靠度结果差异不大,参数滑面法（overall slope）的失效概率略大于均值滑面法（global minimum）,但差别对边坡稳定性分析没有实质性影响;土性参数变异水平是影响边坡可靠度的最重要因素,边坡在相同设计参数安全系数下的可靠度指标随参数变异性增大而急剧降低;不同稳定性分析方法对应的安全系数概率密度函数曲线形态基本一致,但失效概率差异明显,因此目标可靠度指标取值应与稳定性分析方法相适应。提出的考虑土工参数变异水平的安全系数取值修正原则,对改进确定性设计的边坡稳定分析技术有积极意义。 相似文献
6.
《岩土力学》2017,(2)
常用的计算失效模式间近似相关系数存在一定的误差,采用Pearson相关系数准确地表征边坡失效模式间相关性。基于近似相关系数和Pearson相关系数,研究了土体参数空间变异性对边坡失效模式间相关性、代表性失效模式数目、边坡系统失效概率上、下限3方面的影响。简要介绍了选取边坡代表性滑动面的风险聚类法以及系统失效概率上、下限的Ditlevsen双模界限公式。以单层和两层边坡为例研究了近似相关系数的适用性。结果表明:常用的近似相关系数不能考虑土体参数空间变异性对边坡失效模式间相关性的影响,而Pearson相关系数能够有效地反映土体参数空间变异性对边坡失效模式间相关性的影响。当土体参数空间变异性较弱时,近似相关系数与Pearson相关系数间差别明显,基于近似相关系数会选取过多的代表性滑动面,不能有效地反映边坡代表性破坏模式。此外,基于近似相关系数计算的边坡系统失效概率上限会超过1,系统失效概率上、下限范围很宽,使得系统失效概率上、下限失去了意义。相比之下,基于Pearson相关系数计算的边坡系统失效概率上、下限范围较窄,能够有效地反映系统失效概率变化情况。 相似文献
7.
作为一种高效且准确的代理模型,克里金方法近年来被广泛用于边坡高效可靠度分析。然而,传统方法一般直接将克里金模型与蒙特卡洛模拟耦合进行可靠度分析,导致其在高维小失效概率的边坡可靠度计算中容易出现内存占用过大甚至溢出而无法求解的问题。为此,提出一种基于克里金代理模型的子集模拟方法,以高效解决小概率水平的边坡可靠度分析问题。该方法首先采用一定数量的样本校准克里金模型并进行精度验证,然后基于构建的模型开展子集模拟边坡可靠度计算。最后,采用一个单层粘性土坡与一个工程实例土坡验证所提方法的有效性,并研究回归模型、相关函数模型以及训练样本对该方法精度的影响。结果表明：（1）该方法可以有效计算边坡的失效概率,并且比传统方法更高效;（2）构建克里金模型时,采用10倍随机变量数的训练样本即可得到满足计算精度需求的模型,而额外增加训练样本对计算结果影响较小。 相似文献
8.
根据水库边坡的勘察资料,确定了边坡稳定性分析的力学模型,推导了滑面面积的计算公式,采用不平衡推力传递法进行了边坡稳定的定值法分析和可靠度分析。可靠度分析中,分别讨论了滑面强度参数及几何参数的变异性对边坡稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,不考虑参数变异性的定值法分析结果所得边坡的安全系数过高,偏于危险。水库边坡的可靠度分析结果表明：滑面几何参数的变异性对边坡稳定的可靠指标或失效概率影响很大。因此,对于岩质边坡的稳定性分析,不仅要重视研究滑面强度参数的变异性,也要重视研究滑面几何参数的变异性。 相似文献
9.
在有限数据条件下,可靠度敏感性分析是研究各种不确定性因素对边坡失稳概率影响规律的重要途径。基于直接蒙特卡洛模拟和概率密度加权分析方法提出了一种高效边坡稳定可靠度敏感性分析方法。所提出的方法通过随机场表征岩土体参数的空间变异性,并采用局部平均理论建立岩土体参数的缩维概率密度函数,用于概率密度加权分析中高效、准确地计算不同敏感性分析方案对应的边坡失稳概率。最后,通过一个工程案例--詹姆斯湾堤坝说明了所提出方法的有效性和准确性。结果表明：在敏感性分析过程中,所提出的方法只需要执行一次直接蒙特卡洛模拟,避免了针对不同敏感性分析方案重新产生随机样本和执行边坡稳定分析,节约了大量的计算时间和计算资源,显著提高了基于蒙特卡洛模拟的敏感性分析计算效率;在概率密度加权分析中采用岩土体参数的缩维概率密度函数能够准确地计算边坡失稳概率,避免了有偏估计,使概率密度加权分析方法适用于考虑空间变异性条件下的边坡稳定可靠度敏感性分析问题。 相似文献
10.
抗剪强度参数概率分布的最大熵估计及边坡可靠度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了基于最大熵原理的抗剪强度参数概率分布估计方法。首先简要介绍了最大熵原理估计抗剪强度参数概率分布的基本步骤。其次,基于模拟数据分别验证了最大熵原理估计抗剪强度参数概率分布和边坡失效概率的有效性,并比较了最大熵原理、选优识别和核密度估计方法的不确定性建模精度和稳健性。最后,以一组残积土抗剪强度参数试验数据并结合无限边坡稳定分析为例研究了最大熵原理在抗剪强度参数概率分布和边坡失效概率估计中的应用。结果表明：最大熵原理能够有效地估计抗剪强度参数的概率分布和边坡失效概率。与传统的选优识别和核密度估计相比,最大熵原理估计抗剪强度参数概率分布和边坡失效概率的精度和稳健性都更高。最大熵原理避免了核密度估计过分依赖有限样本数据的缺点,又克服了选优识别可能未将真实分布包括在备选概率分布集合中的缺陷。此外,基于有限数据估计的抗剪强度参数概率分布和边坡失效概率具有较大的离散性。 相似文献
11.
Although a slope may have numerous potential slip surfaces, its failure probability is often governed by several representative slip surfaces (RSSs). Previous efforts mainly focus on the identification of circular RSSs based on limit equilibrium methods. In this paper, a method is suggested to identify RSSs of arbitrary shape based on the shear strength reduction method. Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate a large number potential slip surfaces. The RSSs are identified through analyzing the failure domains represented by these samples. A kriging-based response surface model is employed to enhance the computational efficiency. These examples shows that the RSSs may not always be circular, and that the suggested method can effectively locate the RSSs without making prior assumptions about the shape of the slip surfaces. For the examples investigated, the system failure probabilities computed based on the shear strength reduction method are comparable to, but not the same as those computed based on the limit equilibrium methods. The suggested method significantly extends our capability for identifying non-circular RSSs and hence probabilistic slope stability analysis involving non-circular slip surfaces. 相似文献
12.
This paper develops a multiple response surfaces approach to approximate the limit state function for slope failure by second‐order polynomial functions, to incorporate the variation of the most probable slip surfaces, and to evaluate the slope failure probability pf. The proposed methodology was illustrated through a cohesive soil slope example. It is shown that the pf values estimated from multiple response surfaces agree well with those pf values that have been obtained by searching a large number of potential slip surfaces in each Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) sample. The variation of number of the most probable slip surfaces is studied at different scale of fluctuation (λ) values. It is found that when full correlation assumed for each of random fields (i.e., spatial variability is ignored), the number of the most probable slip surfaces is equal to the number of random fields (in this study, it is 3). When the spatial variability grows significantly, the number of the most probable slip surfaces or number of multiple response surfaces firstly increases evidently to a higher value and then varies slightly. In addition, the contribution of a specific most probable slip surface varies dramatically at different spatial variability level, and therefore, the variation of the most probable slip surfaces should be accounted for in the reliability analysis. The multiple response surfaces approach developed in this paper provides a limit equilibrium method and MCS‐based means to incorporate such a variation of the most probable slip surfaces in slope reliability analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
This paper develops a risk de-aggregation and system reliability approach to evaluate the slope failure probability, pf, using representative slip surfaces together with MCS. An efficient procedure is developed to strategically select the candidate representative slip surfaces, and a risk de-aggregation approach is proposed to quantify contribution of each candidate representative slip surface to the pf, identify the representative slip surfaces, and determine how many representative slip surfaces are needed for estimating the pf with reasonable accuracy. Risk de-aggregation is performed by collecting the failure samples generated in MCS and analyzing them statistically. The proposed methodology is illustrated through a cohesive soil slope example and validated against results from previous studies. When compared with the previous studies, the proposed approach substantially improves the computational efficiency in probabilistic slope stability analysis. The proposed approach is used to explore the effect of spatial variability on the pf. It is found that, when spatial variability is ignored or perfect correlation assumed, the pf of the whole slope system can be solely attributed to a single representative slip surface. In this case, it is theoretically appropriate to use only one slip surface in the reliability analysis. As the spatial variability becomes growingly significant, the number of representative slip surfaces increases, and all representative slip surfaces (i.e., failure modes) contribute more equally to the overall system risk. The variation of failure modes has substantial effect on the pf, and all representative surfaces have to be incorporated properly in the reliability analysis. The risk de-aggregation and system reliability approach developed in this paper provides a practical and efficient means to incorporate such a variation of failure modes in probabilistic slope stability analysis. 相似文献
14.
边坡可靠度分析的一种新的优化求解方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了Low & Tang提出的一种新的可靠度优化求解方法,并将之用于边坡可靠度分析中：该方法适用于任何概率分布的相关变量,不必计算当量正态均值和方差、相关变量独立变换,直接在变量的原始空间内搜索边坡的最小可靠指标和概率临界滑面,可采用任何合适的约束优化方法进行求解,方法清晰简洁。边坡可靠度分析常用的滑面有2个：最小安全系数（变量均值处）对应的确定性临界滑面和最小可靠指标对应的概率临界滑面,但这2个滑面在有些情况下差别较大,Hassan & Wolff提出了一种简化方法可以方便地获得概率临界滑面,但由于方法简单,受到质疑。通过一系列算例分析,优化求解方法得到的概率临界滑面和Hassan & Wolff的简化方法滑面非常接近,显示了简化方法的有效性,值得在工程实践中推广。 相似文献
15.
多层土坡在岩土工程实际中十分常见,不仅土体参数存在一定的空间变异性,而且土体框架呈现明显的层状分布特征,然而目前对考虑土体参数空间变异性的多层土坡稳定可靠度研究的远远不够。提出了基于多重响应面边坡系统可靠度分析的蒙特卡洛模拟（MCS）方法,给出了计算流程图,系统地研究了考虑土体参数空间变异性的多层土坡系统可靠度问题。结果表明,提出方法能够有效地分析考虑参数空间变异性低失效概率水平的多层土坡系统可靠度问题,并且具有较高的参数敏感性分析计算效率。 相似文献
16.
边坡失稳一般经历滑裂面萌生、扩展和贯通的过程。近年发展起来的扩展有限元法（XFEM）可以合理地模拟这一过程,但在实际应用中仍未克服需要预先设定滑裂面的起始位置,以及滑裂面前端扩展方向的判断精度较低等缺陷。首先介绍滑裂面萌生和扩展的判断和程序实现机制。然后提出了确定滑裂面起始位置的方法,重点描述了其中的自动判断裂缝萌生位置的方法,即根据单元内的应力状态求得拉应力水平和剪应力水平,根据其相对关系并结合应力历史进行判断。接着介绍了联合运用扇形控制域和圆形控制域确定滑裂面前端扩展方向的新方法。该方法可提高XFEM对滑坡破坏过程的模拟精度。最后通过两个边坡失稳算例的计算分析验证所提方法的可靠性。 相似文献
17.
Evaluating the failure probability of a slope under the seismic condition during a given exposure time is important for performance-based assessment of slope stability. In this paper, a two-stage method is suggested to study the seismic stability of a slope during a given exposure time. In the first stage, the exceedance probability of the horizontal pseudo-static acceleration is evaluated. In the second stage, the vulnerability curve of the slope, which shows the relationship between the horizontal pseudo-static acceleration and the failure probability of the slope, is established. The failure probability of the slope during a given exposure time is then assessed by combining the exceedance probability curve of the horizontal pseudo-static acceleration and the vulnerability curve of the slope. Examples investigated show that the reliability of a slope under the seismic condition is controlled by multiple slip surfaces. A slope may have different failure probabilities during the same exposure time when it is at different locations because of different levels of ground shaking. Event at the same site, different slopes may have different failure probability because of the difference in factors like slope geometries and geological conditions. The method suggested in this paper can be used to quantify the effect of the above factors on the reliability of a slope. 相似文献
18.
This paper deals with slope reliability analysis incorporating two-dimensional spatial variation. Two methods, namely the method of autocorrelated slices and the method of interpolated autocorrelations, are proposed for this purpose. Investigations are carried out based on the limit equilibrium method of slices. First-order-reliability-method (FORM) is coupled with deterministic slope stability analysis using the constrained optimization approach. Systematic search for the probabilistic critical slip surface has been carried out in this study. It is shown that both methods work well in modeling 2-D spatial variation. The results of slope reliability analysis are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Failure probabilities obtained by FORM agree well with simulation results. It is found that 2-D spatial variation significantly influences the reliability analysis, and that the reliability index is more sensitive to vertical autocorrelation distance than to horizontal autocorrelation distance. Based on this study, failure probability is found significantly overestimated when spatial variation is ignored. Finally, the possible use of the method of interpolated autocorrelations in a probabilistic finite element analysis is suggested. 相似文献