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1.
单调荷载下砂土变形过程数值模拟及细观机制研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用离散单元法的颗粒流理论,模拟了松砂和密砂在单调荷载作用下的变形过程,研究了砂土渐进破坏过程中的宏观力学行为和细观组构参量的演化规律。采用PFC的FISH语言开发了细观组构统计程序,通过记录加载不同时刻试样的细观参量,如配位数、接触法向分布、粒间法向接触力、切向接触力等的演化,分析了砂土变形过程中细观组构变化与宏观力学响应之间的内在联系。应用表征上述量的组构参数研究了砂土的诱发各向异性,探讨了松砂剪缩、密砂剪胀的细观机制。研究成果对于揭示砂土变形的细观机制以及建立砂土的细观力学模型具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
理解海底管道竖向贯入过程是科学评估管道安装期间初始埋深及服役期间安全性和稳定性分析的关键。通过土工离心机模型试验,结合离散元数值分析研究了真实应力水平下不同密实度砂土中海底管道竖向贯入阻力演化特征及细观机制。研究结果显示,对于中密砂,管道贯入阻力曲线主要表现为硬化特征;对于密砂,贯入阻力曲线整体上呈现周期性软化特征,且埋深越大,软化程度越大。离散元计算分析表明,造成该现象的原因是不同密实度砂土中管道贯入的土体流动及破坏机制不同,且贯入阻力的演化与剪切带的形成与发展密切相关。利用现行海底管道设计规范评估密砂中管道埋深时应充分考虑其贯入阻力随深度的演化特征,当管道埋深初步评估大于0.1D(D为管径)时,应结合计算结果上下限值合理预测管道埋深。 相似文献
3.
随着全套管振动取土灌注桩施工工艺的发展,灌注桩在工程中的应用越来越广泛,但关于灌注桩套管高频振动贯入机制,特别是套管贯入引起的挤土效应研究还不全面。全面介绍了套管高频振动贯入全过程的有限元-无限元耦合模型的建立过程后,对地表隆起、土体侧移及超孔隙水压力等挤土效应的变化规律进行了详细研究。研究结果表明：水平向的挤土位移随套管贯入深度的增加而增大,竖向挤土位移随着套管贯入深度的增加,浅层土表现为隆起量增大,而深层土表现为下沉量增大;最大挤土位移与套管贯入深度存在滞后效应;浅层土体的隆起为水平向应力加载引起竖向应力增加所致,且隆起分界面深度随着动力荷载幅值增大而增大,随振动频率的增大而减小;超孔隙水压力随套管贯入深度增加而增大,随径向距离增大呈指数型衰减。 相似文献
4.
任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法吸取了拉格朗日和欧拉法的优点,避免了常规有限元中拉格朗日方法的网格畸变问题,适用于开口管桩高频振动贯入过程的计算分析。采用ALE有限元方法,建立开口管桩高频振动贯入过程的数值模型,对沉桩过程中挤土效应、桩侧阻力和土塞效应的变化规律进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:挤土应力主要沿径向传播,且深层土体受到的挤土应力比浅层土体大;水平挤土位移随管桩贯入深度的增加而增大,而最大水平挤土位移与管桩贯入深度存在累积效应;挤土效应的影响范围约为10倍管径,因此在施工过程中要给以足够重视;桩外侧摩阻力随贯入深度增加呈近似线性增长,桩内侧摩阻力随贯入深度增加而呈非线性增长,增长速率随贯入深度增加而逐渐增大;管内土塞处于不完全闭塞状态,土塞程度由完全非闭塞向部分闭塞过渡。此外,研究了土体模量、桩土界面摩擦系数、振动频率和桩径对土体位移的影响。 相似文献
5.
针对传统本构理论无法描述土体单剪试验非共轴变形的不足,采用非共轴修正模型进行改进。模型基于材料状态相关临界状态理论,采用宏-细观结合的方法,将1个新的各向异性状态变量引入本构模型来描述砂土的各向异性。考虑细观组构张量和应力张量的几何关系的变化,模型可以描述砂土在主应力轴旋转条件下材料状态的变化,材料状态变化直接导致模型的硬化规律和剪胀性发生变化,因此,模型可以描述该条件下原生向异性对砂土变形的影响。引入非共轴理论对本构模型进行修正,建立了三维非共轴各向异性模型。单剪试验的加载条件会造成主应力轴相对土体沉积面发生旋转,修正模型不但能够描述砂土在主应力轴旋转条件下其原生各向异性对变形的影响,而且可以描述主应力轴旋转造成的应力诱发各向异性对土体变形的影响,因此,该模型能够对整个单剪试验的变形规律进行描述,而且物理意义清晰。通过铝棒堆积体和Toyoura砂单剪试验验证表明,非共轴修正各向异性模型能对单剪试验的整个变形过程进行较好的模拟。 相似文献
6.
为研究结构性砂土静力触探的宏微观力学特性,在10 g重力场中生成一个净砂地基;将一个考虑胶结厚度的微观胶结接触模型引入到净砂地基中以生成结构性砂土地基;用一定速率移动探杆以模拟结构性砂土中的静力触探过程,其中,探杆由4面刚性墙组成。结果表明,随着贯入深度的增加,锥尖贯入阻力逐渐增大,增长速度逐渐减慢,在达到临界深度后贯入阻力在某一定值附近波动;锥尖部位有明显的力链集中现象,力链的集中程度和范围会随着贯入深度的增加而逐渐提高和扩大;静力触探过程中,探杆两侧的土体经历了明显的加载和卸载过程,且土体主应力方向发生偏转;离探杆越远,主应力偏转速度越慢,最终偏转角越小;不同深度处平均纯转动率（APR）的变化趋势基本相同,而APR最大值会随着土体深度而逐渐增加;探杆的贯入会使土颗粒间胶结发生破坏,胶结的破坏形式主要有拉剪破坏和压剪破坏两种,而拉剪破坏数目要比压剪破坏数目多。 相似文献
7.
扁铲侧胀试验（DMT）已在国内外岩土工程勘察、地基加固效果评价等领域中得到广泛应用。DMT的测试过程在扁铲探头贯入到测试位置后进行,因此探头的贯入过程对土体造成的扰动在一定程度上将直接影响测试结果。目前关于扁铲探头的贯入机理,以及贯入过程可能引起的土体扰动及其对测试结果的影响尚未研究清楚。通过室内模型试验手段,进行扁铲探头贯入不同初始密实状态下均质干砂的试验研究,分析了探头贯入过程中产生的土体位移场分布特征。试验结果表明:扁铲探头的楔形部和膜片所在的侧胀部贯入产生的挤压作用是引起土体变形扰动的主要原因;探头楔形部的贯入过程表现为向下和向斜侧面挤压土体,竖向位移量很小,产生向两侧扩展为主的扁状位移场,而探头侧胀部的贯入过程主要表现为向两侧面水平向挤压土体,产生半椭圆状水平位移场且分布范围明显更大,同时探头侧面表现为一定的剪切作用而产生较窄范围的竖向位移场。另外,扁铲探头贯入干砂产生的位移场受砂土初始密实状态的影响较小,主要表现为探头楔形部周围的位移场分布范围随密实度增大而扩大。 相似文献
8.
顶管施工引起的挤土效应研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
顶管施工过程中过大的支护压力、掘进机偏斜、掘进机与土体的摩阻力,以及过大的注浆压力都会引起挤土效应,挤土过程会减小施工结束时的沉降值和沉降槽宽度。考虑土体的初始应力场,假定土体是均匀线弹性材料,通过向掘进机周围土体施加向外侧的椭圆形径向位移来模拟挤土过程,在小应变假定情况下,推导了半无限空间中土体位移场的近似解析解。考虑空间效应,给出了修正的计算公式。将该公式计算得到的结果与实测值进行了比较,结果表明：地面隆起的最高点位于轴线两侧,由于地面硬壳层的存在,使计算值稍大于实测值,硬壳层以下则非常吻合。 相似文献
9.
《岩土力学》2020,(10)
针对福建标准砂,采用非接触式数字图像相关技术(digital image correlation, DIC),通过一系列室内模型试验研究了圆形锚板上拔时锚周土体的变形特性,重点分析了盘径、埋深比和砂土相对密实度的影响。试验结果表明,随着盘径的增加,同一埋深比条件下,上拔力峰值和出现上拔力峰值时的位移水平均明显增大,而上拔承载力系数N_γ则随着盘径的增加而减小,但盘径变化不影响上拔时锚周土体位移影响区的形状,且以上规律不受砂土相对密实度变化的影响。对于密砂,锚周土体位移影响区形状随着埋深比的增加由倒梯形向U字形发展,土体剪切破坏面为沿锚板边缘向外侧斜上方演进的直线型破坏面,且与竖直方向的夹角约为1/4φ_p(φ_p为土的峰值摩擦角);随着锚板的上拔,锚板上方土体出现较为明显的体积膨胀。对于松砂,随着埋深比的增加,锚周土体位移影响区形状由延伸至土体表面的矩形向内置于土体的贝壳形发展;浅埋时,土体剪切破坏面沿锚板边缘垂直向土体表面开展;深埋时,土体剪切破坏面沿锚板边缘向内侧斜上方发展,与水平方向的夹角约为45°+1/2φ_p。无论何种埋深比,锚板正上方均观测到小范围的体积膨胀区,其上为体积收缩区,且随着埋深比的增加体积收缩量逐渐增加。 相似文献
10.
《岩土力学》2020,(10)
针对福建标准砂,采用非接触式数字图像相关技术（Digital Image Correlation, DIC）,通过一系列室内模型试验研究了圆形锚板上拔时锚周土体的变形特性,重点分析了盘径、埋深比和砂土相对密度的影响。试验结果表明,随着盘径的增加,同一埋深比条件下,上拔力峰值和出现上拔力峰值时的位移水平均明显增大,而上拔承载力系数N_(γ)则随着盘径的增加而减小,但盘径变化不影响上拔时锚周土体位移影响区的形状,且以上规律不受砂土相对密度变化的影响。对于密砂,锚周土体位移影响区形状随着埋深比的增加由倒梯形向U字形发展,土体剪切破坏面为沿锚板边缘向外侧斜上方演进的直线型破坏面,且与竖直方向的夹角约为1/4φ_(p)（φ_(p)为土的峰值摩擦角）;随着锚板的上拔,锚板上方土体出现较为明显的体积膨胀。对于松砂,随着埋深比的增加,锚周土体位移影响区形状由延伸至土体表面的矩形向内置于土体的贝壳形发展;浅埋时,土体剪切破坏面沿锚板边缘垂直向土体表面开展;深埋时,土体剪切破坏面沿锚板边缘向内侧斜上方发展,与水平方向的夹角约为45°+1/2φ_(p);无论何种埋深比,锚板正上方均观测到小范围的体积膨胀区,其上为体积收缩区,且随着埋深比的增加体积收缩量逐渐增加。 相似文献
11.
Ansgar Kirsch 《Acta Geotechnica》2010,5(1):43-62
Various models have been proposed for the prediction of the necessary support pressure at the face of a shallow tunnel. To
assess their quality, the collapse of a tunnel face was modelled with small-scale model tests at single gravity. The development
of the failure mechanism and the support force at the face in dry sand were investigated. The observed displacement patterns
show a negligible influence of overburden on the extent and evolution of the failure zone. The latter is significantly influenced,
though, by the initial density of the sand: in dense sand a chimney-wedge-type collapse mechanism developed, which propagated
towards the soil surface. Initially, loose sand did not show any discrete collapse mechanism. The necessary support force
was neither influenced by the overburden nor the initial density. A comparison with quantitative predictions by several theoretical
models showed that the measured necessary support pressure is overestimated by most of the models. Those by Vermeer/Ruse and
Léca/Dormieux showed the best agreement to the measurements. 相似文献
12.
13.
Numerical simulations of the installation process of full displacement piles are presented. A Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach is used to simulate the installation process. The influence of different ratios between the rotational and the penetration velocity are analyzed. A hypoplastic constitutive model is used to match the soils behavior realistically. The reaction forces of the drilling tool are determined. Furthermore, the influence of the surrounding soil is investigated. The displacements nearby the drilling tool are analyzed as well as changes of the stress state and the bulk density. The numerical results are used to explain the effects in the soil, that were observed during in situ measurements. 相似文献
14.
15.
On the undrained strain-induced anisotropy of loose sand 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of previous deviatoric strain histories on the undrained behaviour of loose and saturated Toyoura sand and compared with known results of Hostun RF sand. From an initial isotropic stress state, recent deviatoric strain histories in the compression side of the triaxial plane were generated by a standard drained presheared cycle up to a specified mobilized stress ratio. Mainly, the fully liquefied, contractive, unstable and softening behaviour of loose sand was progressively transformed into the non-liquefied, dilative, fully stable and hardening behaviour of dense-like sand, while remaining within a narrow range of loose density. The paper validates and extends the current understanding of strain-induced anisotropy of loose sand. New experimental data support the directional dependency of the instability cone on the stress increment direction, suggest the bifurcation characteristics of loose sand and evidence the important role of past deviatoric strain histories. 相似文献
16.
Appropriate evaluation of shear modulus and damping characteristics of soils subjected to dynamic loading is key to accurate
seismic response analysis and soil modeling programs. Dynamic centrifuge experiments were conducted at C-CORE (Memorial University
of Newfoundland) centrifuge center to investigate the dynamic properties and seismic response of soft clay and dry loose sand
strata. Soft clay with shear strength of about 30 kPa and well graded silica sand at about 35% relative density were employed
in a rigid container to simulate local site effects. Several earthquake-like shaking events were applied to the model to evaluate
variation of shear modulus and damping ratio with shear strain amplitude and confining pressure, and to assess their effects
on site response. The estimated modulus reduction and damping ratio were compared to the predictions of empirical formulae
and resonant column tests for both soft clay and loose sand. The evaluated shear modulus and damping ratio were found to be
dependent on confining pressure in both soil types. Modulus variation in both soils agreed well with the empirical curves
and resonant column test results. However, the sand modulus values were slightly higher than the empirical relations and resonant
column tests. This discrepancy is attributed to higher stress and densification of sand during large amplitude shaking applied
to the model. The damping ratio at shear strains lower than 0.5% was in reasonable agreement with the empirical curves and
the resonant column tests in both clay and sand models, but was generally higher at shear strain larger than 0.5%. 相似文献
17.
为保证开挖面的稳定,泥水盾构压力舱中的泥浆必须及时在开挖面土体表层形成泥膜,泥浆压力才能有效平衡地层中的水土压力。在考虑泥浆渗滤效应的基础上,建立了砂土地层泥水盾构开挖面泥浆恒压渗透模型,分析了渗透时间、泥浆浓度、泥浆压力和地层初始孔隙率对土体孔隙率及泥浆成膜的影响。结合刀具周期性切削作用,总结了泥浆反复渗透引起的开挖面表层土体孔隙率变化规律。基于刀盘、刀具布置形式和盾构掘进参数,分析了盾构掘进期间开挖面支护机制。结果表明：在无刀具切削作用时,泥浆渗透规律主要受到泥浆和地层特性影响;在刀具周期性切削作用下,在相同的切削深度下,刀具切削周期越短,泥膜在开挖面上越难形成;刀具较小的纵向切入速度有利于开挖面上更快形成泥膜;适当减少刀盘上同一轨迹刀具布置数量,降低盾构掘进速度和刀盘转动速度,有利于盾构掘进期间开挖面上泥膜存在面积的增大,对开挖面稳定起到积极作用。 相似文献
18.
This study presents the correlations between quantified shape parameters and geotechnical properties for nine sand specimens. Four shape parameters, sphericity, convexity, elongation and slenderness, were quantified with two-dimensional microscopic images with the aid of image processing techniques. An instrumented oedometer cell is used to measure compressibility, thermal conductivity and shear wave velocity during loading, unloading and reloading stages. As the particle shape inherently determines the initial loose packing condition, initial void ratio and shape parameters are well correlated with compressibility. The applied stress in soils increases the interparticle contact area and contact quality; round particles tend to achieve higher thermal conductivity and shear wave velocity during stress-induced volume change. Multiple linear regression is implemented to capture the relative contributions of involved variables, revealing that the thermal evolution is governed by the initial packing density and particle shape. The experimental observations underscore the predominant effect that particle shape has on the geomechanical and physical properties upon stress-induced soil behavior. 相似文献
19.
During the last mid-century, the Chlef area was strongly affected by two earthquakes. From the geological context, there were numerous ejections onto the ground level of great masses of sandy soils and large displacements of various forms of some building foundations. These damages are due to soil liquefaction problem. This loss of shear strength can be attributed to many factors. History of recent cases indicates that sand deposited with silt content is much more liquefiable than clean sand. Therefore, a deep understanding of silty sand behavior is needed for the liquefaction assessment of silty sandy soils. Moreover, during seismic shaking, the post-liquefaction behavior of silty sand and, consequently, the stability of structures founded on liquefied soil depend on the steady-state shear strength of soil. The objective of this laboratory investigation is to show the effect of silt contents and the relative density on the mechanical behavior of such soils in monotonic loading. In this context, a series of undrained triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines content ranging from 0% to 40%. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant to 100 kPa. The fines content and the global void ratio are expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio. Linear correlations relating the undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense, and dense (D r?=?12%, 50%, and 90% before consolidation) sand–silt mixtures to the equivalent void ratio are obtained. The concept of the equivalent void ratio will then be used as a key parameter to express the dilatancy behavior of both clean and silty sand soils. Moreover, from the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not represent the actual behavior of the soil as well. 相似文献
20.
PDC锚杆钻头回转钻进的力学特性与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对煤矿巷道锚固孔快速精准钻进的施工需求,通过建立PDC锚杆钻头回转钻进力学模型,对其主要力学影响因素进行了理论分析。结果表明:PDC切削齿轴向力随压入深度的增大而增大,随切入角的增大表现出先减小后增大的趋势;当煤系岩石摩擦系数f为0.20~0.43时,可得最优切入角为15.0°~18.3°,此时在相同压入深度条件下轴向力和切向力最小。并进一步结合煤系岩石的力学特性,提出了PDC切削齿作用下的岩石破碎条件,得出不同压入深度时轴向力和切向力的关系。利用自主研发的钻进试验台对模拟岩样进行了钻进试验,试验结果验证了PDC锚杆钻头回转钻进力学模型的正确性。研究结果为PDC锚杆钻头优化设计,锚固孔钻进效率与精度的提高,以及钻进轴向力和切向力的变化预测等提供了理论依据。 相似文献