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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界碎屑岩硅质胶结物形成机制及其对储集层的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以石英次生加大边、孔隙充填式的石英晶体形式赋存的硅质矿物是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界储集层
砂岩中最为重要的自生矿物之一,平均含量达3.8%,这在众多含油气盆地中是极少见的。对于鄂尔多斯盆地上
部地层如石千峰组和石盒子组来说,同期火山物质的蚀变是形成硅质胶结物的主要原因之一;山西组与上部地
层石千峰组和石盒子组相比,具较高的硅质胶结物含量且常与高岭石相伴生,同时砂岩中的长石含量很低,这
种现象说明,长石等易溶硅酸盐组分在有机酸的溶解下释放的硅提供了形成硅质胶结物的物质来源。早成岩期
相对浅埋深条件下形成的硅质胶结物增加了岩石的机械强度和抗压强度,对砂岩储集空间的保存具有积极意义,
因而应属于保持性成岩作用,对储集层的影响是中性-正面的。 相似文献
2.
致密砂岩储层成岩作用控制孔隙演化,并进一步决定相对优质储层分布。川西南上三叠统砂岩储层整体孔隙度小于6%,基质渗透率小于0.1×10-3μm2,属于典型致密砂岩储层。铸体薄片和储层流体包裹体综合分析表明,砂岩储层经历了压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用,储集空间以粒内溶孔、铸模孔和粒间溶孔为主。综合各成岩矿物共生组合关系,结合储层流体包裹体均一化温度,确定各成岩事件和成岩矿物形成相对顺序:压实作用→第Ⅰ期裂缝→第Ⅰ期伊利石胶结→第Ⅰ期石英加大→第Ⅰ期方解石胶结→第Ⅱ期石英加大、硅质充填→长石、岩屑溶蚀→绿泥石胶结或者伊利石胶结→第Ⅱ期方解石胶结→长石溶蚀作用→第Ⅱ期破裂作用→第Ⅲ期石英加大、硅质充填→第Ⅲ期碳酸盐胶结→碳酸盐交代长石和石英→第Ⅲ期构造破碎→晚期方解石和石英胶结成岩。镜质体反射率(Ro)及砂岩储层流体包裹体均一温度表明砂岩储层目前已达到中成岩A2期至B期,压实作用是储层致密化的最主要原因,造成孔隙度损失约27.5%,硅质和碳酸盐胶结作用仅损失孔隙度约5.3%。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上古生界山32段储层砂岩成岩作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上古生界山 32段砂岩储层以石英砂岩为主,其次为岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩.目前储层正处于晚成岩阶段B期,成岩作用类型包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用,机械压实作用、压溶作用和自生黏土矿物的胶结作用是低孔低渗储层形成的主要原因,成岩晚期的溶蚀作用大大改善了砂岩储层的储集空间.根据成岩作用的特点,将研究区山 32段划分出5个成岩相:压实压溶相、弱压实-硅质胶结相、弱压实-自生黏土矿物胶结相、弱压实-碳酸盐胶结相、弱压实-溶蚀相.压实压溶相储层物性最差;弱压实-硅质胶结相、弱压实-自生黏土矿物胶结相和弱压实-碳酸盐胶结相储层的孔隙度、渗透率总体也很低;弱压实-溶蚀相储层的储集空间最发育、连通性最好,孔隙类型以粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔为主. 相似文献
4.
《地下水》2017,(2)
综合利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、阴极发光、高压压汞等方法,在系统分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组砂岩储层基本特征的基础上,对太原组进行了成岩相的划分以及深入探讨了成岩相与储层物性的关系。结果表明:研究区太原组储层岩性主要为岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩,具有明显的"富岩屑,贫长石"特征;填隙物主要为伊利石、高岭石、硅质和碳酸盐;孔隙类型主要为岩屑溶孔以及少量粒间溶孔和晶间孔;喉道以细孔-微细喉为主;储层属于典型的低孔-特低渗储层;太原组储层可划分为5种成岩相带,储层物性明显受成岩相的控制;伊利石胶结岩屑-粒间强溶蚀相,物性最好,是太原组最有利的成岩相带;伊利石+硅质胶结岩屑溶蚀相,物性较好;伊利石+高岭石胶结晶间微孔相,物性较差;碳酸盐胶结致密相和泥质胶结压实相,是太原组非储集成岩相带。 相似文献
5.
利用薄片确定砂岩类型、扫描电镜观察碎屑岩微观特征并划分成岩阶段以及对岩石储层进行物性测试分析等方法,系统地探究了内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响。研究表明该地区砂岩胶结物有钙质胶结物、硅质胶结物、黏土矿物胶结物和凝灰质胶结物,其中钙质胶结物多为方解石,硅质胶结主要表现为石英次生加大,黏土胶结物以伊利石为主,凝灰质胶结物在该地区出现较少。地化数据显示哲斯组泥岩有机质镜质体反射率值(Ro)在2%~4%之间、最高热解温度(T_(max))490℃、伊利石/蒙皂石(I/S)的蒙皂石层15%;薄片镜下观察发现碎屑颗粒间以线接触为主,扫描电镜观察石英次生加大级别为Ⅲ—Ⅳ级。综合分析确定内蒙古索伦地区哲斯组碎屑岩处于晚成岩阶段B期—C期。压实和胶结作用一定程度上降低砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率;而溶蚀溶解作用提高砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率。 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田苏6区块二叠系下石盒子组8段砂岩储层致密成因模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用岩石薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、能谱分析、包裹体测温及拉曼光谱分析等分析方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田苏6区块二叠系下石盒子组8段储层的致密化模式进行研究。结果表明,(1)储层的致密化过程主要为前期压实和Ⅰ期硅质胶结→Ⅱ期硅质胶结和绿泥石包膜→Ⅰ期溶蚀(天然气充注)→后期压实和Ⅲ期硅质胶结(储层致密化)→Ⅱ期溶蚀和Ⅳ期硅质胶结→绿泥石胶结和交代→碳酸盐胶结和交代。(2)储层的致密化模式有三种类型,中粗粒岩屑砂岩为强机械压实致密化模式,中粗粒岩屑石英砂岩为强硅质胶结、较强机械压实致密化模式,细粒(长石)岩屑砂岩为强压实、较强硅质胶结致密化模式。(3)机械压实作用和硅质胶结作用是储层致密化的主要原因;致密化后封闭条件下成岩流体的Ⅱ期溶蚀作用较弱,也是储层现今保持致密化的重要原因。(4)两类中粗粒砂岩在天然气主要充注时期之后达到致密,有机酸的注入导致溶蚀孔隙相对较发育,细粒(长石)岩屑砂岩在有机酸充注之前已经致密,溶蚀作用较弱。(5)储层致密化过程的差异,导致了中粗粒砂岩孔隙度、渗透率的大小以及渗透率—孔隙度的相关程度明显高于细粒砂岩。 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界层序格架内的成岩作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要发育石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、杂砂岩、“牛毛毡砂岩”、黑色石英砂岩等五种砂岩类型。这些砂岩具有成份成熟度较高、结构成熟度中—低、以正粒序为主、粒级普遍为中粗粒、储层填隙物类型多、含量变化大的特点。经历了三个重要成岩阶段:早成岩压实期—原生孔隙大量破坏损失期，中成岩A期—有机酸溶蚀—次生孔隙发育期，中成岩B期—埋藏压溶再胶结成岩期。在SQ8主要发育压溶、高岭石溶蚀、石英次生加大等成岩作用。SQ11主要发育硅质胶结、碳酸盐胶结成岩作用。成岩相可分为三级五类，即Ⅰ强压溶—石英加大相；Ⅱ压溶—碳酸盐溶蚀—高岭石交代相及溶蚀—弱杂基充填—高岭石交代相；Ⅲ强压实—粘土胶结相及强压实—碳酸盐胶结、交代相。区内储层整体为低孔低渗的致密砂岩储层，以发育次生孔隙为主，包括粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和高岭石晶间孔，原生孔隙较少保留。通过对沉积砂体展布、储层成岩相类型及储集性能的综合分析，对有利的储层分布区带进行了预测。 相似文献
8.
9.
塔里木盆地西北地区苏盖特布拉克组发育一套潮坪相沉积,是该层系油气勘探的主要目标。基于什艾日克剖面、奇格布拉克剖面、肖尔布拉克剖面的地质测量,采用薄片鉴定、阴极发光、扫描电镜、流体包裹体测温及黏土矿物X衍射等分析手段开展海相碎屑岩成岩作用和成岩演化研究,为塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克组进一步开展油气勘探部署和甜点储层预测提供地质依据。结果表明：（1）研究区苏盖特布拉克组发育潮坪沉积环境的砂体,砂岩类型以岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主,偶见长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等;（2）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩经历了压实（溶）作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用及交代作用等成岩作用,压实作用是造成储层致密的直接原因,钙质胶结和硅质胶结是储层致密化的根本因素;（3）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩的成岩演化阶段已达到中成岩B期,成岩演化序列为：压实作用/自生黏土矿物（绿泥石）环边—第一期长石、岩屑溶蚀作用—第一期硅质胶结—第一期泥微晶方解石胶结/压溶作用/黏土矿物的伊利化—第二次硅质胶结/第二期铁方解石胶结—钙质胶结物溶蚀。据此建立的成岩演化模式为塔里木盆地超深层致密砂岩中甜点储层预测提供可靠的地质依据。 相似文献
10.
砂岩中复晶粒的硅质增生胶结本质上属于共轴加大胶结范畴,它们往往见于分选较好,杂基较少,缺乏早期粘土环边的中—细粒砂岩中。主要表现是在石英岩屑、燧石、玉髓质等颗粒上的硅质增生环边。这些环边是由若干微粒石英组成的,每一微粒石英与邻接颗粒上的核心微粒的光性一致或大体一致。增生环边的发育直接受颗粒性质,组成粒的大小,杂质含量多少及颗粒上早期复盖物的有无和厚薄的控制,同时还与相邻同一孔隙空间的其它颗粒性质有关。石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩中的硅质增生胶结是在石英加大高峰期,Sio_2充足的酸性水条件下形成的。 相似文献
11.
成岩作用及成岩阶段的确定是储集层评价的重要依据。作者应用铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜的观察,x射线衍射分析及包体测温等方法,对华北一些地区石炭一二叠系砂岩的成岩作用及成岩阶段作了系统的研究。从太原组到上石盒子组,由于沉积环境、岩石类型的差异,它们经历了不同的成岩作用过程。太原组石英砂岩以石英增生与胶结作用为主;山西组长石砂岩及长石石英砂岩以长石及石英增生、碳酸盐胶结交代作用为主;上、下石盒子组粘土含量较高的岩屑砂岩以压实作用、粘土矿物的转化作用为主。 成岩阶段的确定主要根据自生石英中包裹体测温、镜煤反射率测定及粘土矿物的演变等。研究结果得出石炭一二叠系经历的古地温为100—150℃,有机质处于成熟期,粘土矿物转化为以伊利石为主,混层矿物中伊利石达80％,可见研究区内石炭一二叠系的成岩阶段处于中成岩期的晚期。其原始孔隙基本消失,代之以一定次生孔隙。 相似文献
12.
Faiz Ahmad A. H. M. Ahmad M. A. Quasim 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,90(3):273-282
Jaisalmer Formation consists of 360m thick succession of medium to coarse grained sandstones with interbeds of shale, claystone and occasional lignite that rest over Lathi Formation, is the basal part of the Jaisalmer basin. The rocks are exposed amidst desert, low mounds and shallow stone quarries. Sandstones were deposited in shallow marine to deltaic environments. The studied sandstones consist of abundant quartz followed by feldspar, mica, chert, rock fragments and heavy minerals. The study mainly deals with identification of various diagenetic features such as compaction, cementation and porosity evolution. During mechanical compaction rearrangement of grains took place and point, long and suture contacts were formed. The sandstones are cemented by iron oxide, silica overgrowth, carbonate and clay. Porosity has developed due to dissolution of iron, carbonate cement and feldspar grains. Dissolution and alteration of feldspar, lithic fragments and pressure solution were the main source of quartz cements. The sandstones show good amount of existing optical porosity with an average of 7.19%. Porosity reduction is mainly due to early stage of mechanical compaction and subsequent pervasive calcite and iron oxide cementation. Further, porosity reduced due to deposition of clay cement. 相似文献
13.
Shao nan Zhang Knut Bj Φ rlykke 《沉积学报》2000,18(1):119-126
The timing and duration of
quartz cementation in sandstones have been mainly inferred from diagenetic texture,
relationship between pore filling minerals, fluid inclusions and isotopic data. Fluid
inclusion temperatures from North Sea reservoir sandstones indicate that most of the
quartz cement forms at temperature exceeding 90℃ and is continually proceeding after oil
emplacement, based on the fluid inclusion temperatures in quartz overgrowth which is
approaching the bottom-hole temperatures. The duration of quartz cement after oil
emplacement depends upon the saturation of porewater and the distribution of pore water
film and the property of water-wet or oil-wet of the reactants. The leaching of K-feldspar
by meteoric water requires pore water flow to move the released potassium and sodium and
silica out the solution, which suggests the mechanism does not appear to be a major source
of silica for quartz cementation. The quartz cementation coincidence with the compaction
and pressure solution suggests the major source of silica. The alteration of feldspar by
illitization of kaolinite may serve as another important source of silica at deep burial
depth. External sources are not need to call on for illustrating the quartz cementation,
because there is no evidences for large scale convection of pore water flow occurred in
the burial history of reservoir sandstones of middle Jurassic in the North Sea. 相似文献
14.
The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the subsurface in the Western Desert, Egypt. This study, which is based on core samples from two exploration boreholes, describes the lithological and diagenetic characteristics of the Khatatba Formation sandstones. The sandstones are fine‐ to coarse‐grained, moderately to well‐sorted quartz arenites, deposited in fluvial channels and in a shallow‐marine setting. Diagenetic components include mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation (calcite, clay minerals, quartz overgrowths, and a minor amount of pyrite), and dissolution of calcite cements and feldspar grains. The widespread occurrence of an early calcite cement suggests that the Khatatba sandstones lost a significant amount of primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to calcite, several different cements including kaolinite and syntaxial quartz overgrowth occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements. Kaolinite (largely vermicular) fills pore spaces and causes reduction in the permeability of the reservoir. Based on framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied by or followed the development of part of the pore‐lining and pore‐filling cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar. Late kaolinite clay cement occurs due to dissolved feldspar and has an impact on the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Open hydraulic fractures also generated significant secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs, where both fractures and dissolution took place in multiple phases during late diagenetic stages. The diagenesis and sedimentary facies help control the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Fluvial channel sandstones have the highest porosities and permeabilities, in part because of calcite cementation, which inhibited authigenic clays or was later dissolved, creating intergranular secondary porosity. Fluvial crevasse‐splay and marine sandstones have the lowest reservoir quality because of an abundance of depositional kaolinite matrix and pervasive, shallow‐burial calcite and quartz overgrowth cements, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
塔中地区志留系沥青砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用沉积学原理对塔中地区志留系经历复杂成岩演化的沥青砂岩进行研究分析,了解到该岩石主要经过压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用等成岩作用。其胶结物的主要类型有绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石、伊-蒙混层等粘土矿物以及碳酸盐矿物、石英、长石、黄铁矿等。孔隙类型以粒间孔隙、粒内孔、铸模孔、特大孔、裂缝孔隙等为主,其中以粒间孔隙最为发育,低地温梯度有利于在深层形成次生孔隙。志留系沥青砂岩储层物性受沉积和成岩双重因素的影响,成岩演化阶段处于晚成岩A期。根据影响储层物性的储层成岩作用,可将成岩相类型划分为不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相、压实-弱溶蚀成岩相、压实充填成岩相、压实压溶成岩相、碳酸盐胶结成岩相等几种主要类型,成岩相类型决定了储层性质,不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相和压实-弱溶蚀成岩相是本区较好的油气储层。 相似文献
16.
孔隙衬里绿泥石的成因及对储层性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孔隙衬里绿泥石发育的砂岩大多属于优质储层,前人将其归功于绿泥石对孔隙的保护作用。按照孔隙衬里绿泥石形成的铁质来源,可划分为同沉积黏土膜转化型、富铁镁物质溶蚀再结晶型和转化与直接结晶混合型3种类型。通过国内外富孔隙衬里绿泥石砂岩实例的对比研究表明,孔隙衬里绿泥石可以通过抑制自生石英生长、提高抗压实能力、指示早期碱性溶蚀发育程度和堵塞孔喉等4种方式影响储层性能,且不同成因的孔隙衬里绿泥石对储层性能影响方式不同,同一成因绿泥石在不同成岩阶段的影响方式也不同。中成岩A期以前,转化型孔隙衬里绿泥石通过占据孔喉和提高抗压能力影响储层,而溶蚀结晶型孔隙衬里绿泥石主要指示火山物质发生碱性溶蚀的程度;只有砂岩成岩阶段达到中成岩B期以后,孔隙衬里绿泥石对石英生长的抑制作用才得到充分体现。 相似文献
17.
塔里木盆地西北缘石炭系砂岩成岩作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文是在薄片研究基础上,并使用阴极发光显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析以及氧碳同位素分析资料详细研究了塔里木盆地西北缘石炭系砂岩的机械压实,压溶.胶结等主要成岩作用.并应用镜质体反射率、孢粉颜色及伊利石开形指数的测定等方法推断石炭系砂岩所经历的最高成岩温度为120℃-200℃.并且根据成岩作用和成岩温度的研究,对砂岩所处的成岩阶段位置及其成岩历史和孔隙演化特点进行了分析. 相似文献
18.
山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层成岩作用研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低。砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用等。压实作用主要有刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、岩石碎屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入变形颗粒中、粘土质碎屑被挤压变形发生假杂基化等五种表现形式。胶结物主要有泥质胶结物、碳酸盐胶结物、自生粘土矿物和自生石英、长石。交代作用主要有石英交代长石颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代。发生溶解作用的主要是石英、长石和岩屑颗粒,胶结物中主要是碳酸盐矿物。目前研究区沙三中亚段储集层成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。影响成岩作用的主要因素为岩石成分、沉积环境、孔隙流体性质等。成岩作用对储集物性的影响主要表现在孔隙度和渗透率的变化,其中压实作用和胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低,使得储集物性变差;而溶解作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素,从而改善砂岩的储集性能。 相似文献
19.
Nabil M. Al Areeq Mohamed A. Soliman Mahmoud A. Essa Nabeel A. Al‐Azazi 《Geological Journal》2016,51(3):405-420
Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the Qishn Formation have been studied by integrating sedimentological, petrological and petrophysical analyses from wells in the Masila oilfields of eastern Yemen. These analyses were used to define the origin, type of diagenesis and its relation to reservoir quality. The sandstones of the Qishn Formation are predominately quartz arenite to subarkose arenite with sublitharenite and quartz wackes displaying a range of porosities, averaging 22.33%. Permeability is likewise variable with an average of 2844.2 mD. Cementation coupled with compaction had an important effect on porosity destruction after sedimentation and burial. The widespread occurrence of early calcite cement suggests that the sandstones of the Qishn Formation lost significant primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to poikilotopic calcite, several different cements including kaolinite, illite, chlorite and minor illite–smectite occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements, which were either accompanied by or followed the development of the early calcite cement. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar grains. The new data presented in this paper suggest the reservoir quality of Qishn sandstones is strongly linked to their diagenetic history; hence, the reservoir quality is reduced by clay minerals, calcite and silica cements but is enhanced by the dissolution of the unstable grains, in addition to partial or complete dissolution of calcite cements and unstable grains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献