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渤海沿岸环境沉积调查:As、重金属、氮和磷污染 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对天津,河北和辽宁地区沿渤海海岸沉积物进行了粒度,重金属、As、P和N的分析表明,在表层沉积物(<62.5μm粒级)中重金属和As的含量变化很大。在天津地区Hg、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cr、Mn和As的平均含量(μg/g)分别为0.15、0.19、31.6、46.5、29、112、82、1008和16.2,辽宁地区它们分别为0.08、0.44、24.2、34.1、29、96、64.4、976和13.1,在河北地区它们分别为0.03、0.13、20.3、28.7、22.7、58、63、888和8.5。天津地区Hg、Cr和As的高值(μg/g)为0.26～0.35,83.4～94.9和23.3。河北省个别地区Hg、Cd和Zn含量(μg/g)高达3.12,2.01和602。上述结果反映渤海沿岸沉积物遭受了不同程度的重金属和As的污染。天津环渤海地区表层沉积物中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的含量(mg/g)分别为0.7～1.5和0.7～1.0,它们在辽宁地区分别为0.5～1.0和0.5～0.7,在河北地区一般为0.6～1.2和0.5～0.8。但是,在河北个别明显遭受Hg、Cd和Zn污染地区的沉积物中TN和TP含量(mg/g)分别高达6.6和1.5,需要研究它对底栖生物的危害。 相似文献
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《华北地质》2009,32(2)
经国家科委和新闻出版署批准,我刊《前寒武纪研究进展》于2003年起更名为《地质调查与研究》。办刊宗旨：本刊为地质科学领域中的学术性刊物,执行党的基本路线及国家的出版政策法规,坚持“百花齐放,百家争鸣”的双百方针,面向地质调查和研究工作,为地质调查和研究成果提供交流载体,推动我国地质调查和研究工作的开展,为我国的经济建设和发展服务。主要刊登内容：地质调查和研究的新认识、新成果、新进展,地区性、专业性焦点、难点问题讨论,新理论、新技术、新方法、新工艺的研究和引进。内容涉及基础地质、矿床地质、同位素地质年代、第四纪地质、水资源与环境、灾害地质、城市地质、农业地质、旅游地质、地球物理勘查、地球化学勘查、地质调查信息等领域,以及国民经济和社会发展对地质工作的需求等方面的文章,亦刊登国外相关领域的研究动态和成果。主要开设栏目：基础地质、矿产资源、水文地质、环境地质、技术方法等。 相似文献
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青藏高原东缘高寒草甸退化过程中植物群落物种多样性、生产力与土壤特性的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了阐明高寒草甸退化过程中植物群落物种多样性、生产力与土壤特性的关系, 在青藏高原东缘的玛曲县沿着高寒草甸退化梯度选取了轻度退化草甸、中度退化草甸、重度退化草甸和沙化草甸, 测定了高寒草甸退化过程中植物群落物种多样性、生产力与土壤理化性状. 结果表明: 从轻度退化到中度、重度和沙化草甸, 植被地下生物量分别降低了36%、48%和91%, 总生物量分别降低了34%、47%和91%, 土壤有机碳分别下降了18%、81%和97%, 全N分别下降了25%、82%和95%, 全P含量分别下降了14%、33%和41%. 随着高寒草甸的退化, 植被群落的生物多样性和地上生物量呈先稳定后降低的趋势, 土壤砂粒含量、pH值和全K含量呈增加趋势, 黏粉粒呈降低趋势, 速效N、速效P和速效K呈先增加后降低的趋势. 相关分析表明, 群落物种多样性和生产力与土壤有机碳、全N、全P、速效N、速效P、速效K、黏粒含量、粉粒含量、水分含量均呈显著正相关(P<0.01), 而与土壤砂粒、全K和pH值均呈显著负相关(P<0.05). 因此, 高寒草甸退化过程中, 土壤质地、养分和水分等的复杂变化及其相互关系共同决定着高寒草甸群落物种多样性和生产力的变化. 同时, 植被生产力和土壤碳、氮的降低产生明显的正反馈效应, 导致在重度退化阶段和沙化阶段, 植被生产力和土壤碳氮的急剧下降. 相似文献
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本文基于2002—2022年期间,知网、万方、Web of Science数据库收录的矿区周边土壤重金属文献数据,采用Meta分析方法,探讨我国不同地区和矿种类别的矿山开采对土壤重金属分布特征的影响。同时,结合地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估矿区周边土壤重金属生态风险。Meta分析结果显示,我国矿区周边土壤中镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pd)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镍(Ni)和铬(Cr)的浓度相较于土壤背景值,分别增加了820.7%、309.6%、158.6%、158.6%、146.0%、103.4%、24.6%和15%,其中,Cd和Hg增加量较多。从地区来看,中南和西南地区的矿区周边土壤重金属的效应值较大,其重金属浓度增加量分别为285.7%和180.1%,其中西南、中南和华东地区矿山周边土壤中Cd、Hg、Zn、Pb和Cu的含量增加较为显著,华北和东北地区的Cd和As、西北地区的Cd和Hg增加较为显著。从矿种类型看,铅锌矿、多金属矿、铜矿、金矿、汞矿、钼矿、锰矿、锡矿和包含石墨矿等其他矿种的周边土壤重金属浓度增加量为166.4%～617.1%,其中铅锌矿开采会使得C... 相似文献
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高边坡设计与加固问题讨论 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在高边坡调查、勘探和稳定性评价中,应认识高边坡变形的类型、性质、机制、范围和规模,划分出稳定、基本稳定、稳定性差和不稳定级别.在高边坡设计施工中应按一定的设计思想、技术路线、基本原则和方法指导高边坡的设计施工.高边坡加固工程目前广泛采用预应力锚索框架(地梁、墩)、预应力锚索桩、普通抗滑桩和挡土墙等,应根据实际条件选用.高边坡设计尚无规范可循.如何正确认识高边坡的特性,合理地进行勘察、评价、设计和加固,作者提出了自己的意见和建议,与同行专家讨论. 相似文献
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地质灾害防治研究的认识论与方法论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于多年的研究与实践,作者从科学哲学角度提出了地质灾害防治研究的认识论与方法论。认识论方面确立地质灾害是可认识的,可防治的。地质灾害发生的根源是地质体重力作用的失衡,其共性和个性反映了地质体边界条件、初始条件和激发条件的组合变化。对于确定的时间阶段、空间区域和作用条件,地质灾害问题简化为线性和确定性问题处理是可以接受的。方法论方面确立地质灾害防治可以采用整体论和分割论相结合的方法求得问题的有用解,用以指导防灾减灾管理技术支持系统的研发与应用。整体论方法突出综合集成、归纳类比和逻辑演绎,用于宏观把握和长时程研判,指导工作的顶层设计或概念设计,如区域性风险区划、区域预警和防治规划。分割论方法采取观察、描述、分析、建模、评价、预测和工程控制等,用于具体地域、案例及其暂态阶段的分析,指导地质灾害的信息获取、识别评估、成因研判、预测预警、工程设计和风险评价等。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献