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1.
牙克石地区出露一套早白垩世玄武质火山岩,其SiO2含量为52．81%-53．39％,K2O含量为1．86％-2．87％,岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩。富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,高场强元素Nb和Ta亏损明显,Zr和H阮明显异常,8Eu为0．77-0．82。从同住素的特点看,（^87Sr／^86Sr）,变化于0．704762-0．704941之间,εNd（t）为2．00～2．54;在εNd（t）-（^87Sr／^86Sr）闺解上,样品投影点落入洋岛玄武岩（OIB）和美国盆岭省范围内。^206Pb／^204pb为18．3288-18．4225,^207b／^204Pb为15、4566-15．4893,^208Pb／^204Pb为37．9401-38．0523：在。^207Pb/^24Pb-^206Pb.^204pb和,^208b／^304pb-^306Pb／^204pb图解上．样品投影点都落在亏损洋中脊玄武岩地幔附近。综合考虑本区火山岩的地质、地球化学特点,认为其来源于被俯冲洋壳交代的岩石圈地幔。 相似文献
2.
通过对比研究新生代玄武岩Pb,Sr,Nd同位素组成及前寒武纪基底Nd同位素组成,本文将扬子板块东段划归为四个构造－岩石－同位素地球化学省,即苏沪省、嘉山省,北扬子省和南扬子省。其中,喜山省位于庐江－灌云断裂和庐断裂之间,以高^87Sr/^86Sr比（0.70435-0.70490),低^143Ndxx (0.512395-0.512615)和低放射成因铅（^206Pb/^204Pb,^207Pb/^204Pb和^208Pb/^204Pb分别为16.594-17.266,15.317-15.437和37.352-37.782)为特点;苏沪省们于苏皖边界以东,以低^87Sr/^86Sr比（0.70341-0.70392）,高^143Nd/^144Nd比（0.512838-0.513002)和较高放射成因铅（^206Pb/^204Pb,^207Pb/^204Pb^和208Pb/^204Pb分别为17.789-18.275,15.489-15.552和37.831-38.369)为特点;北扬子省位于庐江－灌云断裂以南,富含放射成因铅（^206Pb/^204Pb为18.021-18.150,^207Pb/^204Pb为15.546-15.574,^208Pb/^204Pb为38.154-38.469),而^87Sr/^86Sr比和^143Nd/^144Nd比（分别为0.70464-0.70468和0.512748-0.512774）介于嘉山省和苏沪省之间。 相似文献
3.
本文报道了天山石炭纪裂谷酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学数据，目的在于探讨酸性岩浆的岩石成因。天山石炭纪裂谷火山岩的不相容元素对不相容元素图解显示稳定的正相关趋势；酸性熔岩同位素比值。^37Sr／^86Sr（t）=0．69988～0．70532；εNd（t）=4．76～8．00；^206Pb／^204Pb（t）=17．435～18．017；^207Pb／^204Pb（t）=15．438～15．509；^208Pb／^238Pb（t）=37．075～37．723的区间含盖了基性熔岩同位素比值的范围。这些数据表明流纹岩和玄武岩之间有一种成因联系，但还不能确定酸性岩和玄武岩间究竟是分离结晶还是部分熔融关系。 相似文献
4.
大兴安岭北段塔河地区早白垩世火山岩地球化学及源区特征 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
大兴安岭北段塔河地区分布有大面积的晚中生代火山岩,主要岩石类型为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、玄武质粗面安山岩和粗面安山岩,并且以碱性岩石为主.SiO2含量为47.34%～58.03%,K2O含量为1.25%～3.44%.富集大离子素石元素(LILE)如Rb和Ba,δEu为0.71～1.14,高场强元素(HFSE)如Nb和Ta在原始地幔标准化图解上有强烈的负异常.从同位素组成特点来看,(87Sr/86Sr)I变化于0.705472和0.707821之间,εNd(t)为-6.81～0.58,与EMI靠近并有向EMII延伸的趋势.206Ph/204Pb为18.1497～18.5394,207Pb/204Pb为15.4886～15.5390,208Pb/204Pb为37.7608～38.3441,位于EMI和EMII之间,并也有向EMII变化的趋势.综合考虑塔河火山岩的特点并结合他人研究成果,本文认为塔河地区的这套火山岩形成于富集的大陆岩石圈地幔的重熔及其结晶分异作用. 相似文献
5.
柯坪玄武岩的岩石学、地球化学、Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成与岩石成因 总被引：41，自引：0，他引：41
柯坪玄武岩位于塔里木板块西缘,产于下二叠统库普库兹曼组和开派兹雷克组中。岩石化学组成以富集TFeO、TiO2、P2O5和SiO2不饱和为特征。大部分样品属碱性玄武岩系列,个别属拉斑玄武岩系列。它们的稀土元素和微量元素显示了板内拉张环境玄武岩的地球化学特征。εNd(t)=-1.73～-3．69,εSr(t)= 27．56～ 56．87,^206Pb／^204Pb=17．87～18．02,^207Pb／^204Pb=15．45～15．53,^208Pb／^204Pb=38．22～38．49。Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成证明柯坪玄武岩源自于前寒武纪的富集型大陆岩石圈地幔。而且,这种情况在塔里木盆地及周缘地区十分发育的镁铁质岩浆岩中具有广泛的代表性。据此,可以将新疆南部和北部划分为两个明显不同的同位素地球化学省。南部省以富集型地幔的同位素组成为特征,而北部省以亏损型地幔的同位素组成为特征。分属于这两个省的古生代晚期阶段岩浆岩有可能不是同一个地质过程的产物。 相似文献
6.
甘肃西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的微量、稀土和Sr，Nd，Pb同位素地球化学：地幔柱-岩石圈交换的证据 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩具有强烈富集LILE和LREE的特征，经球粒陨石标准化的REE分配模式与OIB十分相似。钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的(^87Sr／^86Sr)i分别在0．70381～0．70940和0．70529～0．71332之间，^144Nd／^143Nd分别介于0．512404～0．512924和0．512210～0．512928之间。经计算获得多数样品的εNd落在-3．4～5．58范围内，与OIB的εNd值一致。这两类岩石的^208Pb／^204Pb、^207Pb/^204Pb和^206Pb／^204Pb分别为37．613～39．330和38．060～38．995，15．842～16．441和15.545～15．677，以及18．418～22．4和18．149～19．062。采用主量元素MgO—Ni和ε(Nd)-(^87Sr/^86Sr)相关图，以及高场强元素比值Zr／Nb—La／Nb和Ba／La—Ba／Nb相关图以及。^208Pb／^204Pb-^206Pb/^204Pb，^207Pb／^204Pb-^206Pb／^204Pb相关图，一致证明本区火山岩具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征，且源区具有EM1和EM11富集端员的混合。但是本区火山岩高的Nb／Ta比和强烈富集Nb等高场强元素，以及较高的^144Nd／^143Nd值，表明该火山岩地球化学具有某种特殊性。结合对西秦岭深部地球物理资料及地质构造背景和演化历史的分析，提出西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的成因与地幔柱的活动有关，源区包含了EM1和EM11富集端员的组分。EM1和EM11富集端员的成因与地幔柱/软流圈流体的作用有关，也与大洋板片的脱水作用和大陆岩石圈的拆层作用有关。该区特殊的大地构造背景和演化历史为上述几种作用的联合提供了可能。它不仅较好地解释了该火山岩地球化学方面的特殊性，及钾霞橄黄长岩与碳酸岩共生的事实，同时也证明新生代火山岩的成因是地幔柱．岩石圈相互作用的产物。 相似文献
7.
五大连池钾质火山岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学及岩浆的化学演化 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
五大连池火山岩是我国东部新生代最典型的钾质玄武岩。以富Ti、Na、K为特点，结晶分异使岩浆向富Si、富碱方向演化。岩石中Rb、Sr、Sin、Nd丰度与熔岩的碱质同步增长。Pb、Sr、Nd同位素组成很特殊，富放射成因Sr和Nd，但贫放射成因Pb，^37Sr/^34Sr，高于全球未分异现代值,^143Nd/^144Nd为0．512381-0.512433，低于全球未分异现代值；^206Pb/^204Pb,^207Pb/^204Pb,^208Pb/^204Pb分别对16.712-16.992,115,371-15.407,36.315-36.948,比许多大洋玄武岩和大陆玄武岩偏低。上述数据表明，其源区为无明显地壳物质混染的，未遭改造的原始富集地幔，同大洋玄武岩明显不同，暗示地幔的物质组成有区域性和不均匀性。 相似文献
8.
北羌塘盆地南缘的晚三叠世那底岗日组火山岩主要由英安岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩等组成。其主量元素具有高SiO2（66．58%-80．90％）、低TiO2（0．12％-0．42％）的特征,属钙碱性系列（σ平均为1．245）;微量元素表现为大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba及不相容元素Th的高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti的亏损;稀土元素（La／Yb）N〉10,Eu亏损较明显（δEu=0．53-43．88）,配分曲线右倾、较陡;Pb、Nd、Sr同位素组成为（^206Nd／^204Nb）T=18．531-18．838、（^207Pb／^204Pb）T=15．749-15．859、（^308Pb／。^204）T=37．138-37．917、（^87Sr／^86Sr）i=0．70852-0．71086、（^143Nd／^144Nd）。=0．511779-43．511896、εNa（t=208Ma）=-9．3--11．6。上述岩石地球化学特征表明,那底岗日和石水河的那底岗日组火山岩的岩浆源区为上地壳;同时利用同位素地球化学数据证明了北羌塘地块归属扬子陆块群的论断,即北羌塘盆地存在元古宙结晶基底的信息。 相似文献
9.
10.
西天山石炭纪火山岩岩石学及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究 总被引：18，自引：34，他引：18
西天山石炭纪火山岩连续从玄武岩、粗面质玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩、粗面岩一直演化到流纹岩。不同地区火山岩的同位素组成差别很大。出露在拉尔敦达坂一带的晚石炭世粗面安山岩-粗面岩具有较高的εNd（t）值（＋2、68～＋4．29）和较高的初始^87Sr／^86Sr值（0、7015～0．7051）。新源城南的早石炭世粗面安山岩．流纹岩具有相对较低的εNd（t）值（-0．22～＋0．87）和变化较大的初始^87Sr／^86Sr值（0．7045～0．7068）。早石炭世玄武岩的初始^87Sr／^86Sr值较低且变化范围较小（0．7045～0．7058），εNd（t）值高且变化范围大（＋0．89～＋3．04）。本文的同位素地球化学资料以及前期的年代学研究表明，西天山晚泥盆-早石炭世岛弧自西向东逐渐消亡，取而代之的是晚石炭世碰撞后富钾岩浆的喷发。 相似文献
11.
V.A. Kashirtsev T.M. Parfenova A.K. Golovko B.L. Nikitenko I.N. Zueva O.N. Chalaya 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(10):1380-1388
The composition and distribution of phenanthrenes (polyaromatic compounds) have been studied in chloroform extracts from dispersed organic matter (OM) of clayey, siliceous, carbonate, and terrigenous rocks of different ages and facies and from some oils of the Siberian Platform. Phenanthrenes have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High contents of 1,7,8-trimethylphenanthrene and 1,1,7,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene are present in the OM of Vendian and Cambrian carbonate-shale deposits and in ancient oils of the Nepa-Botuobiya and Anabar anteclises. The OM of Permian continental deposits and oils of the Vilyui syneclise is dominated by 1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene (retene). A triangular diagram for identification of the types of original OM of rocks and classification of genetically related oils has been constructed based on the assessment of phenanthrene biomarker distribution. Putative pathways of the formation of phenanthrene biomarkers are discussed. 相似文献
12.
我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性及其天然气勘探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对我国中西部前陆盆地构造特征、大地构造背景、地球物理特征的理论研究和典型前陆盆地的详细解析,系统分析了我国中西部前陆盆地的发育特征和特殊性。强调晚二叠世以来大小不一、形态各异的多块体小型克拉通的聚合碰撞作用是导致中西部前陆盆地群形成的基本动力学过程：这些小型克拉通的多块体聚合碰撞造就了中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性。同时,明确提出中西部盆地的基本特点是“两期三类前陆盆地”,即海西一印支期前陆盆地和喜山期前陆盆地,三类指海西一印支期的周缘前陆盆地和弧后前陆盆地、喜山期再生前陆盆地。根据前陆盆地的盆地结构和演化特征,又将中西部的前陆盆地划分为4种组合形式,即叠合型组合、改造型组合、早衰型组合和新生型组合。综合论述了不同时期不同类型前陆盆地构造对天然气聚集的五大控制作用。 相似文献
13.
微亮晶（臼齿）碳酸盐成因及其在元古宙地球演化中的意义 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
本文应用多种技术方法,对微亮晶碳酸盐岩的成岩作用及其成因从宏观至微观进行了分析。根据岩石矿物学、地球化学和有机地球化学等研究证明,它是早期成岩过程中,在超高压的大气 CO_2,水平急剧下降的转折期,快速石化作用形成的具等粒结构μm级的微亮晶方解石集合体。MT 碳酸盐岩微亮晶成岩作用有两种类型:一是主要发生在海底沉积软泥中,在其底基质软泥中经差异压实作用形成褶皱肠状及复杂形的 MT 构造;二是直接在海水中或重力流搬运过程中形成的微亮晶球粒(核)。简言之,MT 碳酸盐岩石是在地球早期浅海环境下,由于微生物自养作用形成的地球化学成因产物。微亮晶碳酸盐岩是约束古大气圈和古海洋环境变化的最灵敏标志。通过详测 MT 丰度值和编制地球古大气圈 CO_2水平演化模式等,在前寒武纪发现有太古宙末期、早元古宙末期、中元古宙中期和新元古宙早-中期四个 MT 碳酸盐岩发育高峰值期,证明全球古大气圈 CO_2水平发生过四次不连续性、跳跃式下降周期,直到晚新元古宙未,全球雪球事件的发生,导致了 MT 碳酸盐岩的消失。其后,才进入显生宙的 CO_2低水平状态。MT 碳酸盐岩具有重要的油气资源远景,应予以重视。 相似文献
14.
北极地区丰富的油气资源近年来引发全世界的广泛关注。评估结果显示,北极油气资源分布不均,主要集中在俄罗斯、美国阿拉斯加、挪威、加拿大和丹麦格陵兰。不同国家和地区北极油气资源勘探开发特点不同,在新形势下可能还会发生变化。中国是油气消费大国和进口大国,俄罗斯北极地区已日渐成为中国重要油气供应地之一。综合分析几个主要北极国家北极油气开发利用现状和未来发展前景,与中国目前参与北极油气开发利用的情况,对未来中国如何参与北极油气资源开发利用提出建议,将俄罗斯作为中国北极油气开发的长期合作伙伴,与其开展项目投资、技术入股、航道建设等多个方面的合作。 相似文献
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Paul Tréguer 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(1):3-11
Silicon is a key element whose major role in the control of the cycle of carbon in the ocean has been recently revealed. This is first illustrated through the resolution of the ‘opal paradox’ in the modern Southern Ocean. Second, the ‘silica hypothesis’ explains why, during the Last Glacial Maximum, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was about 40 % below that of the interglacial period. Increased deliveries of wind-borne silica to the surface ocean as well as of riverine inputs favoured the dominance of diatoms over coccolithophorids, resulting in a net emission decrease of CO2 by coccolithophorids from the ocean surface to the atmosphere. To cite this article: P. Tréguer, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 3–11 相似文献
16.
国际埃迪卡拉系年代地层学研究进展与发展趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
埃迪卡拉系为国际地层表新增的新元古界最上部的系级年代地层单位,层型剖面被确定为南澳大利亚弗林德斯山脉依诺拉马河剖面,其底界点位（GSSP）选定为埃拉逖那冰成杂砾岩（Elatina diamictite）之上盖帽碳酸盐岩努卡利那组（Nuccaleena Formation）的下界（Gradstein et al．,2004;Knoll et al．,2004）。我国修定后的震旦系与埃迪卡拉系完全相当,底界以南沱冰碛岩之上盖帽碳酸盐岩的下界为界。本文综合国际地层委员会新元古代地层分会以及相关国家和地区近年来在埃迪卡拉系年代地层学领域研究的新进展、存在问题以及未来发展趋势作一概要介绍,以期引起国内晚前寒武纪地层古生物学者的广泛关注。 相似文献
17.
Variations of the tree line and glaciers in the Central and Eastern Altai regions in the Holocene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Variations in the tree line position and glacier activity in the Central and Eastern Altai regions in the Holocene were reconstructed on the basis of analysis of sixty radiocarbon and eighteen dendrochronological dates. The tree line was higher than now in the Early and Middle Holocene, and the climate was warmer and, likely, more humid. Glaciers advanced in the forests 300, 1400, and 3000–6000 years ago. In the last millennium the forest decline at the upper tree limit occurred in 1206–1256, 1445–1501, and 1642–1736. 相似文献
18.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
19.
Diamond crystallization in the Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C systems and the role of sulfide-metal melts in the genesis of diamond 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. I. Zhimulev A. I. Chepurov E. F. Sinyakova V. M. Sonin A. A. Chepurov N. P. Pokhilenko 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(3):205-216
Diamond crystals 0.1–0.8 carats were synthesized in experiments conducted in a BARS split-sphere multianvil high-pressure
apparatus in the systems Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and temperature of 1300°C. The microtextures of
the samples and the phases accompanying diamond (carbides, graphite, monoslufide solid solution, pentlandite, and taenite)
are examined in much detail, the properties of metal-sulfide-carbon alloys are discussed, and issues related to the genesis
of sulfide inclusions in diamonds and graphite crystallization in the diamond stability field are considered. The experiments
demonstrate that diamonds can be synthesized and grow in pre-eutectic metal-sulfide melts with up to 14 wt % sulfur at relatively
low P-T parameters, which correspond to the probable temperatures and pressures of natural diamond-forming processes at depths of
approximately 150 km in the Earth’s upper mantle. 相似文献
20.
A. A. Peyve 《Geotectonics》2010,44(1):60-75
The magmatic and tectonic activity of eastern South America and the western South Atlantic shows that extension of the continental
crust is the determinant factor of magmatism. Heating of the upper mantle is a necessary condition of its manifestation. Ascending
plume material is a source of additional heat. In the Early Mesozoic, Eastern Brazil was situated above a large, ascending
and probably ramifying plume, which has supplied heat and material since the Triassic, creating favorable conditions for continental
magmatism. Magmatic activity continued, gradually waning, until the Neogene as evidence for long-term retention of heat energy
beneath the continental lithosphere after the plume ascent. It has been shown that heated mantle material can be displaced
from the continent to the ocean for a significant distance beneath the lithosphere with the formation of linear tectonomagmatic
rises of the oceanic crust. The structural elements inherited certain directions on the continent and in the ocean, beginning
from the Neoproterozoic. These directions were reactivated and continued to control the younger structural grain and magmatic
activity. In Southeastern Brazil, these were the structural units striking in the southeastern (about 120° SE) and northeastern
directions parallel to the continent-ocean boundary. In Northeastern Brazil, the W-E- and N—S-trending structural units are
predominant. All these directions are manifested in oceanic structural units (Rio Grande, Vitória-Trindadi, Fernando de Noronha,
Pernambuco rises, etc.). 相似文献