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水平成层均质土地震反应非线性分析的半解析算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用动态应力-应变关系及其推广的Masing加卸载准则,考虑土体在地震等不规则加载条件下的非线性滞回特征,将增量法与相应场地地震线性反应解析解相结合,提出了该动力非线性方程的半解析时域算法,以水平成层场地一维剪切梁模型为例,建立了求解土体地震反应的非线性分析技术。针对Seed-Idriss给出的砂土平均曲线,分析计算了非均匀层状密砂的线性和非线性地震反应。 相似文献
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采用等效线性动粘弹性模型描述土的动力非线性特性,基于一维等效线性波传法,对泉州盆地地震效应进行了分析;同时,采用修正Martin-Seed-Davidenkov动粘弹塑性模型描述土的动力非线性特性,对泉州盆地非线性地震效应进行了大尺度二维精细化有限元分析,研究了地形地貌和土层横向不均匀性对地震效应的影响。将两种分析结果进行对比,结果表明：①随着基岩输入地震动强度增大,地表峰值加速度PGA放大效应总体呈现减小趋势,中震与小震、大震与小震的地表PGA放大系数之比依次为0.83~0.99、0.72~0.97;②该盆地Ⅲ类场地处,基岩、地表起伏不大,且土层横向分布较均匀,两种方法计算得到的地震效应特征类似;基岩或地表起伏剧烈、土层横向分布明显不均匀的Ⅱ类场地上,二维非线性分析给出的地表PGA放大系数明显大于一维等效线性结果,两种方法得到的地表加速度反应谱及PGA随土层深度的变化特征存在显著差异,二维非线性分析给出的地表加速度反应谱大多呈现双峰甚至多峰现象,且PGA在土层特定深度处存在聚集效应,使PGA随土层深度的变化呈现非单调性。 相似文献
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提出了一种改进的考虑非线性场地效应的概率地震危险性分析方法。文中应用实例展示了考虑吉尔罗伊2号场地土层非线性效应的危险性曲线。在卡拉韦拉斯断层上指定了震源参数和地震发生模型,假设该断层为影响该场地的主要震源。采用3次地震的记录经NONLI3程序(可计算土层对强地面运动的非线性响应)建立了该处地表和基岩加速度之间的关系。对一定的基岩运动,估算出的地面峰值加速度(PGA)标准误差的不同值可作敏感性分析。实例研究中包括一个可替换的非线性关系。除了非线性模型,在吉尔罗伊2号场地上的相同土壤剖面也采用了线性响应模型。结果显示,危险性曲线对估算的该处地表加速度峰值的标准误差非常敏感。如果对场地土壤的非线性程度考虑不足,危险性曲线将严重失真。得自回归分析的可替换的非线性模型和线性响应模型在考虑非线性场地效应的危险性评估时是不适用的。 相似文献
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非平稳随机地震响应的精确高效算法 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
林家浩 《地震工程与工程振动》1993,(1)
本文推广了文献[1]分析平稳随机地震响应的精确高速算法,使得在演变随机激励下线性结构的非平稳地震响应很容易地获得了解决。对一些重要的包络函数g(t),本文通过简单的频域分析求出了精确的时变功率谱密度。 相似文献
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岩石的非线弹性响应在实验室中已被广泛地观测到，但在文献中却鲜有地震学研究方面的报道，尽管这是观测到这种特征的最自然的环境。由于难以获得非线性波传播问题的解析解，因此需要使用近似方法。显然，地震波在均匀的非线弹性介质中传播时将受到非线性的扰动。这种扰动可看作是时空中初至波能量散射和传播、产生地震尾波之源。这在某种意义上类似于非均匀性效应。由非线性引起的地震尾波性质与非线性大小以及地震矩有关。我们使用一种扰动方法计算散射波的振幅，并说明该方法能相当好地描述实际地震尾波的主要特征。 相似文献
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提出了一种改进的考虑非线性场地效应的概率地震危险性分析方法。文中应用实例展示了考虑吉尔罗伊2号场地土层非线性效应的危险性曲线。在卡拉韦拉斯断层上指定了震源参数和地震发生模型，假设该断层为影响该场地的主要震源。采用3次地震的记录经NONLI3程序（可计算土层对强地面运动的非线性响应）建立了该处地表和基岩加速之间的关系。对一定的基岩运动，估算出的地面峰值加速度（PGA）标准误差的不同值可作敏感性分析。实例研究包括一个可替换的非线性关系。除了非线性模型，在吉尔罗伊2号场地上的相同土壤剖面也采用了线性响应模型。结果显示，危险性曲线对估算的该处地表加速度峰值的标准误差非常敏感。如果对场地土壤的非线性程度考虑不足，危险性曲线将严重失真。得自回归分析的可替换的非线性模型和线性响应模型在考虑非线性场地效应的危险性评估是不适用的。 相似文献
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前言 从历史资料分析,某个区域的地震时间分布(时序)并非毫无规律可寻,而是近似地服从某一分布的,根据时间序列分析来进行中长期预报是有可能的。文献[1][2]利用灰色建模方法得出预报模型初步证实了这一点。本文将给出一种较方便的建模方法(回归法)来对地震发生时间进行预报,在某些情况下,其效果明显优于文献[1][2]。 相似文献
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本文对分层弹性地基中端承桩基础按Ｗｉｎｋｌｅｒ（温克尔）地基土模型，通过特性分析，建立了合理的力学模型，经过动力分析，给出了端承桩基础横向自由振动特性及在横向动力载荷与地震载荷作用下强迫反应的解析解。文中的解析公式为分层弹性地基中端承桩基础在横向动力载荷与地震载荷作用下的动力反应分析，提供了一种新的解析方法。 相似文献
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An integral equation technique to determine the response of foundations embedded in a layered viscoelastic half-space when subjected to various types of seismic waves is presented. The technique is validated by comparison with previous results for rigid hemispherical and cylindrical foundations embedded in a uniform half-space. Illustrative results for rigid cylindrical foundations embedded in layered media are also presented. 相似文献
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Acceleration time histories of earthquake events are typically measured in seismic stations that are placed close to the soil top surface. These acceleration records are often used as input data for seismic analysis. It may be used for base excitation in seismic analysis of above ground structures with shallow foundations.. However it may not be used for seismic analysis of underground structures, or even for above ground buildings with deep foundations and several underground stories. The required base excitation data of the latter should have been measured below the top surface, at a level that may be determined according to the specific analyzed building geometry or at the bedrock below. If the acceleration time history at the bedrock would have been known, the seismic wave propagation through the soil medium, from the bedrock towards the top surface, could have been carried out and the base excitation of the buried structure could be determined. Since there is no data on the acceleration time history at the bedrock, and the only given data is the acceleration records at the top surface, the goal of this paper is to provide an exact reverse analysis procedure to determine the unknown acceleration time history at the bedrock that would exactly produce the measured acceleration time history at the top surface. Once this goal is achieved, seismic analysis of buried structures may be carried out with the determined acceleration record at the bedrock as input. This paper presents an analytical exact solution of the inverse problem for determination of the acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories at the bedrock base of a layered geological medium that are compatible with the given acceleration record at the soil top surface. This new proposed method is based on analytical solutions of the initial-boundary value problems of the linear wave equation in the case of a layered medium. The relationship between waves in one layer and waves in another adjacent layer is derived considering the continuity of stresses and displacements at the common interface between the layers. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated through several examples involving the nonstationary response of the free surface. The case of the San Fernando Earthquake is studied. Excellent agreement is achieved between the recorded free surface time history and the reconstructed signal. This excellent agreement is obtained due to the exact analytical method used in deriving the inverse problem solution. This exact analytical method allows one to obtain an acceleration (velocity/displacement) distribution along all the layers at any time. 相似文献
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A computationally efficient boundary integral equation technique to calculate the dynamic response of a group of rigid surface foundations bonded to a layered viscoelastic half-space and subjected to external forces and seismic waves is presented. The technique relies on an iterative scheme which minimizes in-core memory requirements and takes advantage of any geometrical symmetry of the foundations. Extensive results for the case of two rigid square foundations placed at different separations and bonded to a viscoelastic half-space are presented. It was found that the choice of discretization of the foundations has a marked effect on the calculated impedance functions for extremely small separations. Illustrative results for a case of several closely-spaced foundations bonded to a layered half-space are also presented. 相似文献
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A novel time-domain identification technique is developed for the seismic response analysis of soil-structure interaction. A two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model with eight lumped parameters is adopted to model the frequency-dependent behavior of soils. For layered soil, the equivalent eight parameters of the 2DOF model arc identified by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method using recorded seismic data. The polynomial approximations for derivation of state estimators are applied in the EKF procedure. A realistic identification example is given for the layered-soil of a building site in Anchorage, Alaska in the United States. Results of the example demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed identification technique. The 2DOF soil model and the identification technique can be used for nonlinear response analysis of soil-structure interaction in the time-domain for layered of complex soil conditions. The identified parameters can be stored in a database for use in other similar soil conditions. If a universal database that covers information related to most soil conditions is developed in the future, engineers could conveniently perform time history analyses of soil-structural interaction. 相似文献
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This paper presents a new procedure to transform an SSI system into an equivalent SDOF system using twice equivalence. A pushover analysis procedure based on the capacity spectrum method for buildings with SSI effects （PASSI） is then established based on the equivalent SDOF system, and the modified response spectrum and equivalent capacity spectrum are obtained. Furthermore, the approximate formulas to obtain the dynamic stiffness of foundations are suggested. Three steel buildings with different story heights （3, 9 and 20） including SSI effects are analyzed under two far-field and two near-field historical records and an artificial seismic time history using the two PASSI procedures and the nonlinear response history analysis （NLhRHA） method. The results are compared and discussed. Finally, combined with seismic design response spectrum, the nonlinear seismic response of a 9-story building with SSI effects is analyzed using the PASSI procedures, and its seismic performance is evaluated according to the Chinese ＇Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The feasibility of the proposed procedure is verified. 相似文献
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To provide appropriate uses of nonlinear ground response analysis for engineering practice, a three-dimensional soil column with a distributed mass system and a time domain numerical analysis were implemented on the OpenSees simulation platform. The standard mesh of a three-dimensional soil column was suggested to be satisfied with the specified maximum frequency. The layered soil column was divided into multiple sub-soils with a different viscous damping matrix according to the shear velocities as the soil properties were significantly different. It was necessary to use a combination of other one-dimensional or three-dimensional nonlinear seismic ground analysis programs to confirm the applicability of nonlinear seismic ground motion response analysis procedures in soft soil or for strong earthquakes. The accuracy of the three-dimensional soil column finite element method was verified by dynamic centrifuge model testing under different peak accelerations of the earthquake. As a result, nonlinear seismic ground motion response analysis procedures were improved in this study. The accuracy and efficiency of the three-dimensional seismic ground response analysis can be adapted to the requirements of engineering practice. 相似文献
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The seismic response of pile foundations is a very complex process involving inertial interaction between structure and pile foundation, kinematic interaction between piles and soils, seismically induced pore-water pressures (PWP) and the non-linear response of soils to strong earthquake motions. In contrast, very simple pseudo-static methods are used in engineering practice to determine response parameters for design. These methods neglect several of the factors cited above that can strongly affect pile response. Also soil–pile interaction is modelled using either linear or non-linear springs in a Winkler computational model for pile response. The reliability of this constitutive model has been questioned. In the case of pile groups, the Winkler model for analysis of a single pile is adjusted in various ways by empirical factors to yield a computational model for group response. Can the results of such a simplified analysis be adequate for design in all situations?The lecture will present a critical evaluation of general engineering practice for estimating the response of pile foundations in liquefiable and non-liquefiable soils during earthquakes. The evaluation is part of a major research study on the seismic design of pile foundations sponsored by a Japanese construction company with interests in performance based design and the seismic response of piles in reclaimed land. The evaluation of practice is based on results from field tests, centrifuge tests on model piles and comprehensive non-linear dynamic analyses of pile foundations consisting of both single piles and pile groups. Studies of particular aspects of pile–soil interaction were made. Piles in layered liquefiable soils were analysed in detail as case histories show that these conditions increase the seismic demand on pile foundations. These studies demonstrate the importance of kinematic interaction, usually neglected in simple pseudo-static methods. Recent developments in designing piles to resist lateral spreading of the ground after liquefaction are presented. A comprehensive study of the evaluation of pile cap stiffness coefficients was undertaken and a reliable method of selecting the single value stiffnesses demanded by mainstream commercial structural software was developed. Some other important findings from the study are: the relative effects of inertial and kinematic interactions between foundation and soil on acceleration and displacement spectra of the super-structure; a method for estimating whether inertial interaction is likely to be important or not in a given situation and so when a structure may be treated as a fixed based structure for estimating inertial loads; the occurrence of large kinematic moments when a liquefied layer or naturally occurring soft layer is sandwiched between two hard layers; and the role of rotational stiffness in controlling pile head displacements, especially in liquefiable soils. The lecture concludes with some recommendations for practice that recognize that design, especially preliminary design, will always be based on simplified procedures. 相似文献
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C. P. Pantelides 《地震工程与结构动力学》1991,20(9):839-848
The safety of structures built in seismic regions can be improved by energy absorbing devices. Passive isolation systems such as base isolators are suitable for low-rise structures, but they provide only a partial solution to the problem. Three active control techniques for reducing the dynamic response of machine supporting foundations using various control strategies are presented. The active tendon, active mass damper and active base control systems are studied for active control of machine foundations in seismic regions. Numerical simulations show that active control can reduce the dynamic response of turbomachine foundations under seismic loads. This reduction in dynamic response can limit damage to power plants during earthquakes and restore their operation in a short time. 相似文献