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1.
为研究工程区海域水沙特征的时空分布、运动规律,采用不同时期的现场水文泥沙资料,对射阳港拦门沙航道工程建设前后的水流、含沙量、悬沙粒径和底质特征进行了对比分析。研究表明:射阳港一期航道工程建设后航道内潮波发生变形,涨潮流速大、历时短;落潮流速小、历时长,进入到航道内泥沙很难被带出航道,容易导致航道淤积。工程区海域整体含沙量较大,一期工程建设后导堤内涨潮含沙量明显增大,口门净输沙向口内,通过口门进入到航道的高含沙水体是航道淤积的重要沙源之一。导堤间边滩表层存在部分淤泥,且具有一定流动性,在水流及自身重力作用下,边滩淤泥可归入航道内。 相似文献
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长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施对北槽拦门沙的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
介绍了长江口拦门沙发育及其特点和北槽航道拦门沙形成机理，利用长江口深水航道治理一期工程实施后的地形资料分析治理工程对北槽航道拦门沙影响。结果表明：治理工程建成后，增加了主槽流速，减少了航道回淤，打通北槽航道拦门沙，增加了航道水深，治理工程效果明显。 相似文献
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粉沙质海岸泥沙运动特性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
文章对粉沙质海岸的泥沙运动特性进行了系统、全面的研究.从5个方面进行了论述:粉沙质海岸的界定、泥沙基本水力特性、泥沙运移型态、航道骤淤的统计特性和航道淤积计算.提出粉沙质海岸的界定应综合考虑泥沙平均中值粒径、黏土含量和泥沙粒径分选性三方面因素;泥沙基本水力特性是起动流速小、沉降速度大、沉积密实快,泥沙运动十分活跃;泥沙... 相似文献
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本文分析了秦山核电站邻近水域各测站的实测流、潮流和佘流分布及季节变化。结果表明:测区内潮流为非正规丰日浅海潮流,其运动形式呈往复流。核电站二期工程取水口附近(L_1,18站)为一大流速区,而一期工程出水口周围(L_2,L_2′站)有一相对小的流速区。大流速区落潮流历时大于涨潮流历时,而相对小流速区则相反;大流速区的余流较小,而小流速区的余流大。在四个季节中,涨潮流速秋季最大,春季次之,夏季最小;落潮流速秋季最大,夏季次之,春季最小。余流冬、秋两季较大。在实测流中以潮流为主,径流和季风的作用也相当显著。 相似文献
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本文利用ERA5再分析数据和我国北极科学考察期间获取的走航气象观测数据,分析了夏季影响船舶通航北极航道的关键近地面气象要素的时空变化特征。结果表明,7–8月的天气条件最适宜船舶在北极航道航行,9月低温、大风和大浪天气显著增多,对船舶航行影响较大,10月的天气更加恶劣,对船舶航行的挑战更大。低温天气主要出现在各航道的中段,大风和大浪天气集中在航道两端的海域。除北极中心区和10月的挪威海和巴伦支海以外,其余时间的海域出现大风和大浪天气的概率以增加趋势为主,但具有较大的年际变化。根据现有北极航道气象观测数据分析发现,东北航道能见度最差,西北航道能见度最好,中央航道居中。 相似文献
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镇海湾航道是广东台山市重要的水上进出口通道,现阶段已不能满足通航需求。开发镇海湾航道对减轻珠三角航道压力以及促进当地经济增长具有重要意义,其中合理的航道选线是航道成功开发与维护的关键。本文采用DELFT 3D二维波流耦合模型对镇海湾3条备选航道进行比选,并对工程前、后镇海湾水动力以及海底冲淤状况进行了对比研究。研究表明:现状条件下,寨门口段的泥沙为向海输运,而在那扶河内泥沙以向陆输运为主;镇海湾内漭州岛北侧,泥沙以向陆输运为主,而在漭州岛西侧,泥沙输运以向海为主。航道开挖后,那扶河内的泥沙回淤量较小,海底以冲刷为主。而在镇海湾内,各个方案的航道在开挖后均出现明显的淤积。位于漭洲岛西侧的西线方案为可能最佳方案,拟选航线与水流顺直,回淤量相对最小。 相似文献
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基于非结构有限体积法海洋模型FVCOM(Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model), 建立了马六甲海峡及其毗邻海域高分辨率水动力数值模型, 研究了风和潮流作用下的余环流结构以及水体输运特征。结果表明, 马六甲海峡航道中央潮流运动以往复流为主, 边缘存在旋转流; 主要研究区域内落潮流速略大于涨潮流速, 东南窄道处流速最大; 因峡道束窄变浅, 在涨落潮过程中潮流发生汇聚与分离; 主要研究区域东南段存在3个显著的潮致余环流; 东北季风驱动时模型响应为海峡海流整体向西北方向流动, 西南季风时反之; 季风期间潮致表层余环流结构被破坏, 但底层余流仍存在水平环流结构, 且随着风速增加, 底层余环流的数目、大小、形状、位置均会产生变化; 季风过渡期余环流结构也会发生部分改变, 尤其是小潮期间风场影响效果显著。 相似文献
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Vanessa N.L. Wong Scott G. Johnston Richard T. Bush Leigh A. Sullivan Christina Clay Edward D. Burton Peter G. Slavich 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
A major fish kill occurred in the Richmond River estuary in January 2008 due to oxygen depletion following extensive overbank flooding. This paper examines spatial and temporal changes in the chemistry of main channel waters, thereby identifying the primary sources of deoxygenating water. Over 40 km of the mid- to lower estuary main channel was deoxygenated within seven days of the flood peak. Hypoxia was confined to downstream of the confluences with mid-estuary backswamp basins and occurred during the later phase of the flood recession. Water chemistry at key locations in the estuary indicated elevated concentrations of redox sensitive species associated with acid sulfate soils (ASS) during the hypoxic period. Peak concentrations of Fe2+ up to 18.2 μmol L−1, dissolved Mn up to 4.3 μmol L−1, chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 2052 μmol L−1, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) up to 960 μmol L−1 and elemental S0 up to 4.7 μmol L−1 were found in the backswamp discharge confluences and mid-estuary main channel locations. The geochemical signature of main channel floodwaters identifies anaerobic decomposition of floodplain vegetation in ASS backswamps as a primary process leading to generation of hypoxic waters. The transport of these hypoxic floodwaters to the estuary has been accelerated and prolonged by extensive floodplain drainage, thereby enhancing the magnitude and duration of estuarine deoxygenation. 相似文献
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A high-resolution seismic survey covering more than 2,000 km2 has revealed the processes responsible for the slope morphology and channel sedimentation across the forearc slope-basin
of the Kurile Arc–NE Japan Arc collision zone, offshore from Tokachi (Hokkaido, Japan). The dominant slope contours parallel
the trench but, in the middle and lower reaches of the southern slope, contours are convex-shaped with an offshore trend.
This sector of the slope is traversed diagonally by the Hiroo submarine channel. The offshore-trending convex contours and
the channel course have developed through the interplay of tectonic and sedimentary processes, including the development of
anticlines, anticline-induced lobe sedimentation and channel avulsion. In its upper reaches, the channel is restricted by
a topographic low associated with NNW–SSE-trending anticlines which developed within the upper and middle slope sectors during
late Miocene uplift. The uplift timing and trend of these anticlines indicate that they resulted from collision, the channel
sedimentology and slope morphology of the middle and lower slopes having been influenced by Pliocene uplift of NE–SW-trending
anticlines. The trends of these anticlines parallel those of the Kurile Trench. The Pliocene and early Pleistocene strata
of the middle and lower slopes consist of ponded lobe sediments deposited along the palaeo-Hiroo submarine channel on the
landward side of the anticlines. As a lobe pile accumulated, the channel thalweg shifted to the north of the stack, allowing
the channel to bypass the topographic high formed by the growing stack. Thick levee deposits built up along the channel course
during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. These levees, along with the Pliocene and early Pleistocene lobes, are reflected
in the present-day sigmoid-shaped, convex offshore-trending contours. Thus, the interplay of subduction- and collision-related
anticlines, tectonic-related channel ponding, and avulsion has contributed to the slope morphology of the southern Kurile
Trench. 相似文献
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Erkan Gökaşan Hüseyin Tur Berkan Ecevitoğlu Tolga Görüm Ahmet Türker Buğser Tok Faruk Çağlak Halim Birkan Mehmet Şimşek 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(5):324-342
The Strait of İstanbul (SoI) (Bosphorus) is a narrow valley, which has evolved tectonically from a stream, and in which thick
sediment deposits have accumulated in the course of its evolution. Detailed seismic and multi-beam bathymetric data have revealed
that the upper parts of the deeper channel deposits consist of parallel strata, which have mostly been eroded subsequently
to their deposition. The resulting erosion surface is represented by the present channel floor in the strait, the estimated
volume of the eroded material being approximately 2×108 m3 . Erosion rate and seafloor morphology indicate that the flow direction was from the south to the north. This inner channel
may have been formed by an abrupt flooding of the Black Sea by Mediterranean waters at the beginning of the latest connection
between the Marmara and the Black seas. Subsequently, the Mediterranean bottom current of the modern two-way flow system,
which was established at about 5–4 ka b.p., has given the latest shape to the strait floor. 相似文献
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Stream channels are narrower in pasture than in forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert J. Davies‐Colley 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):599-608
In the Hakarimata Range, west of Hamilton, New Zealand, second‐order streams appear to be wider in native than in pasture catchments, whereas streams in pine plantations (18 years old) appear to be suffering active stream‐bank erosion. A working hypothesis to explain these observations was that pasture vegetation replacing original forest encroaches on the stream channel, causing it to become narrower. To test the hypothesis, channel widths were measured up stream and down stream of “transitions” from native forest to pasture in 20 streams of different size in marginal ranges of the Waikato Basin. Small streams (catchment area <1 km2, width in forest <2 m) were found to be half the width in pasture reaches as in forest. The degree of channel narrowing decreased as stream size increased and was minimal in large streams (catchment area >30 km2, width in forest >10 m). This narrowing of stream channels implies that native forest clearance in New Zealand has reduced stream channel habitat. A concern regarding riparian planting for stream restoration is that sediment stored in pasture stream banks could be mobilised if grasses are extinguished by shading, resulting in turbid streamwater and sedimentation of fines in the channel. 相似文献
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长江口南支涨潮槽新桥水道冲淤变化的定量计算 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
根据1861~2002年100多年中的15幅海图资料,以GIS技术为支持,建立不同时期长江口水下数字高程模型(DEM),对长江河口南支涨潮槽新桥水道进行了冲淤变化的定量计算,并对比计算了多年来新桥水道0m岸线和5m等深线以及横断面的演变.计算结果显示在所研究的区域内自1861年以来新桥水道冲淤过程明显被分为三个阶段:1861~1926年的66a间新桥水道区域经过一段时间的冲刷后又重新产生淤积,总容积变化不大;1926~1958年的33a间新桥水道在不断的冲刷中总容积由2.603亿m3增长到5.076亿m3;1958年至今的45a时间里水道容积基本保持在平均5.02亿m3.1926年新桥水道10m等深线已经形成一定的格局.1947年5m等深线向上延伸,扁担沙已经不再与崇明岛相连;1958年上下扁担沙的5m等深线基本连成一体,可以认为此时新桥水道已经形成.从新桥水道的横断面变化来看,其主泓不断发生变化,主泓经历了向北移的过程,移动约为1.1~2.8km. 相似文献
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三峡截流以来长江洪季潮区界变动河段冲刷地貌 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
潮区界河段河势演变对三峡工程的响应是长江经济带建设中的重要问题。然而受观测手段所限,对三峡截流以来潮区界变动范围及其地貌演变的客观认识亟待探讨。对大通站洪季水位资料进行频谱分析,初步判断了近期长江洪季潮区界位置;对比1998年和2013年水下地形资料,分析了三峡大坝截流以来该河段河槽的冲淤演变特征;利用多波束测深系统对冲刷明显河段的微地貌进行了高分辨率观测。结果显示:（1）1998-2013年潮区界变动河段河槽整体冲刷5 649.7万m3。其中,上段全面冲刷,太白、太阳两洲并岸,铜陵沙被冲开,主槽刷深达5.6 m;中段主泓摆动,天然洲南冲北淤,黑沙洲中水道淤死,南水道左岸最大冲深达8.9 m;下段近岸冲刷强烈,北岸最大冲深达15.4 m;（2）该河段近期处于剧烈的冲刷环境,左岸冲刷尤为显著;（3）冲刷深槽分布在顺直河段,深达5.4~12.6 m;冲刷坑分布在分汊河段平面形态突变处,最大冲深达28.1~30.5 m;水下侵蚀陡坡分布在近岸侵蚀严重的顺直河段,坡度为0.59~0.62。 相似文献
17.
Sediment transport and morphodynamics of the Douro River estuary 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A combination of dredging data, hydrographic surveys and numerical modelling has been used to assess morphological change
and sediment transport in the Douro River estuary. The system is dominated by sand- and gravel-sized sediments and confined
by resistant rock types. The evolution of the bed in the last 20 years has been strongly influenced by the opening of a navigation
channel. According to the data available to date, the average maintenance dredging volume has been of the order of 0.4 × 106 m3 year−1. Comparisons of hydrographic surveys reveal a rate of volume loss of the same magnitude. Apparently, maintenance dredging
mainly involves local material, transported into the channel from shallower areas of the estuary. The results of numerical
modelling indicate that the sediment transport capacity due to tidal currents is very limited. River flood events increase
the transport capacity by several orders of magnitude, thus playing a critical role in sediment redistribution and supply
to the coast. The average sediment transport capacity is estimated to be of the order of 0.1 × 106 m3 year−1 in most of the estuary and 0.5 × 106 m3 year−1 at the inlet, with a large uncertainty. It is concluded that, if morphological stability is set as an environmental objective,
the dredged material should not be removed from the system but rather be used to nourish the estuarine beaches and the barrier
spit. 相似文献
18.
During the India National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 in 2006 significant sand and gas hydrate were recovered at Site NGHP-01-15 within the Krishna–Godavari Basin, East Coast off India. At the drill site NGHP-01-15, a 5–8 m thick interval was found that is characterized by higher sand content than anywhere else at the site and within the KG Basin. Gas hydrate concentrations were determined to be 20–40% of the pore volume using wire-line electrical resistivity data as well as core-derived pore-fluid freshening trends. The gas hydrate-bearing interval was linked to a prominent seismic reflection observed in the 3D seismic data. This reflection event, mapped for about 1 km2 south of the drill site, is bound by a fault at its northern limit that may act as migration conduit for free gas to enter the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) and subsequently charge the sand-rich layer. On 3D and additional regional 2D seismic data a prominent channel system was imaged mainly by using the seismic instantaneous amplitude attribute. The channel can be clearly identified by changes in the seismic character of the channel fill (sand-rich) and pronounced levees (less sand content than in the fill, but higher than in surrounding mud-dominated sediments). The entire channel sequence (channel fill and levees) has been subsequently covered and back-filled with a more mud-prone sediment sequence. Where the levees intersect the base of the GHSZ, their reflection strengths are significantly increased to 5- to 6-times the surrounding reflection amplitudes. Using the 3D seismic data these high-amplitude reflection edges where linked to the gas hydrate-bearing layer at Site NGHP-01-15. Further south along the channel the same reflection elements representing the levees do not show similarly large reflection amplitudes. However, the channel system is still characterized by several high-amplitude reflection events (a few hundred meters wide and up to ~ 1 km in extent) interpreted as gas hydrate-bearing sand intervals along the length of the channel. 相似文献
19.
Ivica Vilibi&#x; Vlado Dadi&#x; Hrvoje Mihanovi&#x; 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,61(4):623-630
The paper documents the occurrence of long-period internal Kelvin waves in Split Channel in spring 2002. The analyses were performed on thermohaline and current data measured at three moorings and one hydrographic section. The internal oscillation had a period of 5–6 days, being larger just after the generation which was probably excited by the alongshore Sirocco wind. The recorded current amplitude was up to 0.3 m s−1 in the surface layer, while the observed pycnocline displacement was 10–15 m. The oscillation was reproduced by one-dimensional two-layered model of a channel, imposing nodal lines at its entrances. Cross-shore properties of the oscillation, such as observed offshore decrease in pycnocline amplitude, are explained by the dynamics of an internal Kelvin wave propagating along channel boundaries, because the internal Rossby radius is smaller than the width of the channel. Conclusively, the observed oscillation probably represents the fundamental mode of internal waves trapped in the channel complex off Split. 相似文献
20.
Hydrodynamics and sedimentation induced by large-scale coastal developments in the Keum River Estuary, Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The macro-tidal Keum River Estuary located in the eastern Yellow Sea has been suffering siltation and morphological change since 1994. To understand the effects of the large-scale coastal developments on the sedimentation processes in the estuary, hydrodynamic and sedimentary data collected from 1985 to 2002 were analyzed and numerical experiments of hydrodynamics were performed. The sedimentation rate in the estuary increased by a factor of 1.9, from 3.5 × 106 to 6.7 × 106 m3 y−1, after the construction of a dam in the upper reaches of the estuary in 1994. Large part of the estuary is veneered by the muddy sediments noticeably, which were rarely found before dam construction. Since then, siltation has concentrated in the upper estuary rather than the lower. The upstream transport and accumulation of fine-grained sediments is due to: (1) the change to flood-dominance in the main channel, i.e. the relative intensification of flood current and the flood-directed residual current; and (2) the decrease in transport capacity in the upper estuary, i.e. the marked decrease in current velocity, which was induced by dam construction. The former has resulted in the ebb-dominance of the Gaeya channel, a distributary in the north of the main channel. The tidal pumping of fine sediments was reinforced not by the freshwater/saltwater interaction but by the residual tidal circulation. The sediment fluxes observed in 2001–2002 demonstrate year-round net inflow both at the entrance of the jetties and at the Gaeya channel, which implies that the sediments delivered by the Keum River are entirely confined to the estuary, incapable of escaping to the sea. The net inward transport of fine sediments may accumulate pollutants adsorbed to or absorbed in the sediment grains in the estuary, thus deteriorating the benthic environment gradually and the water quality eventually. 相似文献