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1.
超声波振动碎岩技术作为解决硬岩钻进难题的新方法,其技术可行性受到国内外学者的大量验证,但是对于超声波振动下硬岩破碎机理的认识还存在不足。超声波振动下岩石表面径向响应位移与内部损伤状态存在着必然的联系,本文通过监测岩石在超声波振动过程中表面不同深度处的径向响应位移,利用应力波传播理论从能量耗散角度分析了岩石表面不同深度监测点径向响应位移的时空演化与岩石内部损伤发展的关系,得出超声波振动下岩石损伤主要由振动头高频冲击岩石造成的Hertz锥形环状裂纹和超声波振动交变应力产生的疲劳拉伸裂纹造成的,Hertz锥形环状裂纹的扩展深度为10 mm,疲劳损伤裂纹主要在10~20 mm深度处产生,超声波振动下岩石发生局部宏观破碎前存在着明显的径向响应位移征兆,岩石表面径向响应位移可以作为超声波振动下的破坏判据。本文的研究对于丰富超声波振动下硬岩的破碎机理具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
基于颗粒流模型的TBM滚刀破岩过程数值模拟研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
为了研究全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）盘型滚刀的破岩机制及其影响因素,采用颗粒流方法建立了岩石与滚刀的二维数值模型,实现了对TBM滚刀破岩过程的模拟。分析表明,滚刀的破岩过程可分为冲击挤压破碎、大量微裂纹生成、张拉性主裂纹扩展3个阶段,证实了滚刀破岩的挤压-张拉破坏理论。在滚刀侵入深度相同的前提下,随着刀圈刃角以及刃宽的增加,滚刀下的压碎区也相应增大,张拉性主裂纹数目增多,滚刀的破岩能力提高;与平刃刀圈相比,楔刃刀圈的“楔块劈裂”作用更加显著,使径向裂纹扩展得更快且更深入岩石内部。TBM滚刀对强度较高或较低岩石的破坏损伤较小,而对中等强度的岩石破坏损伤最为显著。 相似文献
3.
盘形滚刀破岩过程的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究全断面岩石掘进机盘形滚刀的破岩过程以及盘形滚刀的结构参数（刀刃宽、刀刃角）对滚刀破岩特性的影响,利用离散元方法建立岩石与盘形滚刀的二维数值模型,研究了滚刀侵入岩石过程中贯入度、切削力以及裂纹数三者的关系,在此基础上通过仿真得到滚刀结构参数与岩石破碎特性的规律。研究结果表明：裂纹的扩展与滚刀受到的切削力密切相关;破岩过程中切削力先增大后减小的循环模式,证实了岩石跃进破碎特性。在盘形滚刀作用下,岩石中的应力是向下、向四周无限扩展的对称的应力泡。滚刀刀刃作用区域,应力值最高,随着滚刀贯入度增加,最大应力减小;远离滚刀刀刃区域,应力呈应力泡形式逐层降低至0。选择滚刀刀刃宽在10～15 mm之间,既避免滚刀受到的推力过大,又能提高滚刀的破岩效率;岩石破碎以滚刀刀刃下方向下发展裂纹的扩展为主,刀刃角在10°～20°之间,既能减少滚刀的磨损又能提高破岩效率。 相似文献
4.
PDC钻头在软至中硬地层钻进时具有钻速高、使用寿命长、设计灵活等显著优点,在钻井领域中的需求量逐年增加。而超声波钻进作为一种新型碎岩技术,由于在钻进过程中具有穿透能力强、钻进效率高等优点而获得了广泛关注。以超声波振动辅助PDC钻头破岩有望取得良好的钻进效果。为此,基于线型Drucker-Prager模型,利用ABAQUS软件建立了超声波辅助PDC钻进振动切削岩石的二维有限元模型,分析了不同超声波振动频率下PDC钻进破岩比功和切削力的变化规律,比较了超声波振动切削与常规切削岩屑形成过程的差异。研究结果表明,当激励频率从20 kHz至40 kHz增长的过程中,破岩比功与平均切削力都呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势,即存在一个最优频率位于25~30 kHz间,使破岩比功最小,钻进效率最高;超声波辅助振动切削的破岩方式与常规切削的塑性破坏不同,主要以脆性破坏为主,其切屑形成过程共分为4个阶段,且切削力保持为零的阶段较常规切削更为明显;当激励频率接近岩石固有频率时,超声波振动切削的平均切削力较常规切削小20.5%,并更易产生大块岩屑,使岩石产生更多体积破碎,从而提高破岩效率。 相似文献
5.
TBM滚刀破岩过程影响因素数值模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）的破岩效率主要受刀盘设计和岩体特征的影响。采用颗粒流方法建立了岩石试件与滚刀的数值模型,对TBM滚刀破岩过程的影响因素进行了分析。研究表明,单刃滚刀交替作用下强度较低的岩石中易形成规则的张拉裂纹而生成较大岩碴;强度较高的岩石中滚刀的侧向挤压促使形成块度较小的片状岩碴;双刃滚刀作用下岩石表面受到强烈挤压后出现较大的拉应力,使岩石更易破碎,且仅在强度较高的岩石中才易形成透镜状岩碴。滚刀破岩过程中存在能耗最小的最佳间距,该最佳间距随着岩石强度的增大而减小。滚刀破岩过程中,结构面对裂纹扩展具有显著的控制性作用,并阻隔损伤向结构面下的岩石中渗透;随着结构面与滚刀侵入方向夹角的减小,结构面将引导裂纹向岩石深部扩展,而当夹角较大时,结构面则会引导裂纹横向扩展,易导致大块岩碴的形成 相似文献
6.
基于UDEC的隧道掘进机滚刀破岩数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
现今全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）施工方法在长大深埋隧道工程中已被广泛采用,对滚刀破岩关键技术的进一步认识具有重要的工程价值。为了研究滚刀破岩机制,分析刀圈断面形态、岩石强度和节理角度对其的影响,运用UDEC方法建立了滚刀贯切岩石的二维数值系列模型,对TBM滚刀破岩过程进行了仿真。分析表明：滚刀破岩是滚刀下岩石拉破坏和剪破坏的综合反映,拉破坏是裂纹萌生与扩展的主要驱动机制;刃宽较大的平刀与刃角较大的楔刀破岩效果较好;平刀与楔刀在软岩中破岩效果相近,平刀在硬岩施工中比楔刀的破岩效果好;滚刀对节理角度为30°～60°的岩石破坏效果较好,由于楔刀的“劈裂”作用,楔刀比平刀更适合用于贯切含有节理的岩石。 相似文献
7.
为了验证高能激光技术能够辅助隧道掘进机(tunnel boring machine,简称TBM)盘形滚刀（以下简称滚刀）实现高效破岩,以滚刀破岩过程中基本的运动形式——侵岩为研究对象,参照17 inch（432 mm）工程用滚刀,按1:8的比例制备了缩尺比例滚刀压头（以下引述为滚刀压头）,开展了以孔孔距（2、3、4、5 mm）、刀孔距（3、4、5、6、7 mm）为变量的激光辅助滚刀压头侵岩L20(4×5)正交试验以及无激光作用的对照组试验。试验研究结果表明：随着刀孔距的增加,滚刀压头的破岩量与岩石破碎块度均增加,而垂直力和比能耗均降低,最优刀孔距为6 mm;随着孔孔距的增加,破岩量、垂直力和岩石侵入难度系数均降低,而岩石破碎块度和比能耗均增加,最优孔孔距为3 mm。与传统滚刀回转滚压破岩方式相比,在激光辅助作用下,可促进岩石张拉裂纹的产生,提高了滚刀侵岩效率。所提出的激光辅助滚刀耦合破岩模式在未来TBM极硬岩层隧道掘进中具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
8.
振动有助于碎岩,以往关于振动碎岩机理的研究大多在低频率段展开。为填补超高频率段下振动碎岩机理的空白,采用单轴动静组合加载模式,开展了超声波振动下不同应力条件对岩石强度影响的试验研究,其中超声波振动频率为20kHz,预压范围为100～500N。研究结果表明:当预压小于200N时,岩石内部应力状态无法满足强度准则,岩石强度下降不明显;当预压大于等于200N时,岩石强度随振动时间的增加而逐渐降低且存在最优预压力值(400N)使得岩石强度最低。缩短振动频率与岩石固有频率的差值有利于提高超声波振动碎岩效率。 相似文献
9.
高压水射流与机械滚刀相联合破岩技术的出现,改变了传统隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine,简称TBM）的作业方式。以高压水射流在滚刀两侧岩体切槽的破岩模式为研究对象,开展常截面滚刀压头贯入不同预切槽深度白砂岩板状试样的试验和数值模拟计算分析,对破裂后图像进行DIC分析,研究发现：切槽的存在,阻断了刀具贯入裂纹的拓展,使能量能够更加集中于压头下方的局部岩石块体,有利于形成“八”字形贯通裂纹,促进岩石的破碎;随着槽深增加,压头下方岩石内部的应力状态和力学响应分区逐渐过渡改变。槽深较大时,压头下方的力学响应区域在原有裂纹扩展区、弹性区之间增加了破坏过渡区,该区域内微裂纹被压密,区域内岩石存在较大变形,但未出现明显破坏;切槽后,滚刀压头下方的岩体破坏机制由无切槽试样挤压剪切为主导的径向裂纹拓展,演变为由刀具和切槽共同控制作用—拉伸剪切为主导的主裂纹扩展。 相似文献
10.
为了提高坚硬岩层隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine, TBM）贯入度和降低滚刀受力,高压水射流辅助TBM滚刀破岩已在工业界初步应用。为了揭示水力切缝滚刀破岩机制,基于水力切缝岩石滚刀贯入试验进行了三维颗粒流模拟,研究了滚刀贯入力和贯入刚度随切缝深度的变化规律,揭示了不同切缝深度滚刀纵横剖面内的裂纹扩展和力链演化过程,分析了拉裂纹和剪裂纹随切缝深度的变化规律,明确了不同切缝岩石滚刀贯入的破坏模式和破坏机制。结果表明,第1次贯入的贯入刚度和贯入力随切缝深度的增加大致呈线性降低,第2次贯入的峰值力和贯入刚度小于第1次。而且,50～80 mm刀间距的变化对峰值贯入力的影响并不显著。随着切缝深度的增加,滚刀下方力链集中区边缘的倾角变大。由此导致破坏倾向于倾斜向下发展,当刀间距增加时,破坏由切缝一侧倾斜破坏向两切缝中间岩脊倾斜破坏转变,研究结果可为TBM滚刀与水射流布置和切缝深度的选取提供一定参考。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
15.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
16.
正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
18.
正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
19.
正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
20.
正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献