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1.
Many layered igneous rocks consist of two main parts: the cumulus(plus adcumulus and heteradcumulus) material and the pore material,or mesostasis, produced by the crystallization of the trappedliquid. Knowledge of the chemistry of the mesostasis will beuseful in deducing magma fractionation trends and in the determinationof solid/liquid trace element partition coefficients, whichin turn will be significant in helping to elucidate the petrogeneticrelationship between certain basalts and layered gabbros. Anew geochemical method for the determination of both the compositionand amount of mesostasis in layered rocks is proposed. Thismethod uses elements of contrasting behaviour and is best appliedto rhythmically layered rocks rich in mafic or felsic minerals.Data on strontium, cobalt, and uranium are used to apply themethod to two rocks from the Skaergaard intrusion. The resultsobtained are in agreement with published data. 相似文献
2.
C. T. Williams 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1978,66(1):29-39
The distribution of uranium in intercumulus minerals of the Rhum layered intrusion, Inner Hebrides, has been studied by the fission track technique. A striking feature was the frequent occurrence of intense fission track stars recorded on the organic solid state nuclear track detectors. The high uranium sources corresponding to such features were found to be small, discrete mineral phases, often not larger than 50 m in size. The phases were identified as the zirconium- or phosphorus-bearing minerals zirconolite (essentially (CaFe)(Zr)(Ti)2O7), baddeleyite, zircon and apatite. Although zirconolite and baddeleyite frequently coexist in mesostasis areas of lunar mare basalts, baddeleyite has been only rarely observed, and zirconolite not yet reported in terrestrial basalts, with this being the first recorded occurrence of zirconolite and baddeleyite from a terrestrial ultrabasic cumulate. From estimated uranium concentrations, all of which exceed 50 p.p.m., the uranium values decrease in the order zirconolite, baddeleyite, zircon, apatite. The mesostasis areas in which these minerals occur, are to a certain extent determined by the pre-existing cumulus mineral morphologies. Branching, or cup-shaped, olivines provide small scale hollows in which residual magmatic fluids become trapped. Such fluids clearly concentrate those elements not incorporated into the cumulus phases, e.g. uranium, phosphorus, zirconium, etc., and crystallise to give uranium-enriched minerals. 相似文献
3.
Allan H. Treiman 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2005,65(3):203-270
The seven nakhlite meteorites are augite-rich igneous rocks that formed in flows or shallow intrusions of basaltic magma on Mars. They consist of euhedral to subhedral crystals of augite and olivine (to 1 cm long) in fine-grained mesostases. The augite crystals have homogeneous cores of Mg′=63% and rims that are normally zoned to iron enrichment. The core-rim zoning is cut by iron-enriched zones along fractures and is replaced locally by ferroan low-Ca pyroxene. The core compositions of the olivines vary inversely with the steepness of their rim zoning - sharp rim zoning goes with the most magnesian cores (Mg′=42%), homogeneous olivines are the most ferroan. The olivine and augite crystals contain multiphase inclusions representing trapped magma. Among the olivine and augite crystals is mesostasis, composed principally of plagioclase and/or glass, with euhedra of titanomagnetite and many minor minerals. Olivine and mesostasis glass are partially replaced by veinlets and patches of iddingsite, a mixture of smectite clays, iron oxy-hydroxides and carbonate minerals. In the mesostasis are rare patches of a salt alteration assemblage: halite, siderite, and anhydrite/gypsum. The nakhlites are little shocked, but have been affected chemically and biologically by their residence on Earth.Differences among the chemical compositions of the nakhlites can be ascribed mostly to different proportions of augite, olivine, and mesostasis. Compared to common basalts, they are rich in Ca, strongly depleted in Al, and enriched in magmaphile (incompatible) elements, including the LREE. Nakhlites contain little pre-terrestrial organic matter. Oxygen isotope ratios are not terrestrial, and are different in anhydrous silicates and in iddingsite. The alteration assemblages all have heavy oxygen and heavy carbon, while D/H values are extreme and scattered. Igneous sulfur had a solar-system isotopic ratio, but in most minerals was altered to higher and lower values. High precision analyses show mass-independent fractionations of S isotopes. Nitrogen and noble gases are complex and represent three components: two mantle sources (Chas-E and Chas-S), and fractionated Martian atmosphere.The nakhlites are igneous cumulate rocks, formed from basaltic magma at ∼1.3 Ga, containing excess crystals over what would form from pure magma. After accumulation of their augite and olivine crystals, they were affected (to various degrees) by crystallization of the magma, element diffusion among minerals and magma, chemical reactions among minerals and magma, magma movement among the crystals, and post-igneous chemical equilibration. The extent of these modifications varies, from least to greatest, in the order: MIL03346, NWA817, Y000593, Nakhla=Governador Valadares, Lafayette, and NWA998.Chemical, isotopic, and chronologic data confirm that the nakhlites formed on Mars, most likely in thick lava flows or shallow intrusions. Their crystallization ages, referenced to crater count chronologies for Mars, suggest that the nakhlites formed on the large volcanic constructs of Tharsis, Elysium, or Syrtis Major. The nakhlites were suffused with liquid water, probably at ∼620 ma. This water dissolved olivine and mesostasis glass, and deposited iddingsite and salt minerals in their places. The nakhlites were ejected from Mars at ∼10.75 Ma by an asteroid impact and fell to Earth within the last 10,000 years.Although the nakhlites are enriched in incompatible elements, their source mantle was strongly depleted. This depletion event was ancient, as the nakhlites’ source mantle was fractionated while short-lived radionuclides (e.g., ) were still active. This differentiation event may have been core formation coupled with a magma ocean, as is inferred for the moon. 相似文献
4.
DL铀矿带是松辽盆地近年找矿的新发现。文章利用扫描电镜、电子探针和自动矿物参数定量分析系统等测试手段对该区矿石样品进行了铀赋存状态研究,结果表明:研究区铀主要以沥青铀矿、含锆铀矿物、含钛铀矿物等独立铀矿物以及黏土吸附、有机质吸附、锐钛矿吸附等吸附铀形式存在,铀矿物呈微粒状、细脉状、块状和团块状产出,空间上与磷灰石、硒铅矿、黄铁矿、有机质和碳酸盐等关系密切,与周边铀矿床的铀存在形式略有差别,其中含锆铀矿物在砂岩型铀矿中属首次发现。矿物组成以石英、长石、黏土矿物和碳酸盐为主,此外还有一定量的钛铁氧化物、重晶石、铁氧化物和少量独居石、磷钇矿、硒铅矿等副矿物。利用电子探针的铀定量分析数据和自动矿物参数定量分析系统的铀矿物定量分析数据,首次定量计算了不同存在形式铀的分布率,结果显示:独立铀矿物中沥青铀矿和含锆铀矿物的分布率最高,吸附铀以黏土矿物吸附占优势,有机质和锐钛矿吸附次之。铀赋存状态及矿物组成的精细厘定对矿床成因与选冶工艺研究等具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
火成岩中可以包含多种晶体群这一发现具有重要意义,使得成因矿物学重新成为揭示岩浆系统演化的基本指导思想。但是,这种重要性在许多文献中都没有得到反映,其典型实例就是镁铁质层状侵入体中堆晶岩的成因。争论在于堆晶矿物是循环晶还是母岩浆的液相线相。因此,本文致力于探讨四川攀西地区镁铁质层状侵入体中堆晶岩的形成过程,重申成因矿物学的重要意义。显微镜观察表明,堆晶单斜辉石富含Fe-Ti氧化物出溶叶片(含叶片辉石),表明其形成环境明显不同于与斜长石呈共结关系的单斜辉石(无叶片辉石);无叶片辉石和斜长石中的橄榄石包裹体呈浑圆状,表明了橄榄石与结晶环境间的热力学不平衡。橄榄石与熔体间Fe-Mg分配关系分析表明,根据母岩浆成分推测的橄榄石Fo值远低于岩体中观测橄榄石化学成分变化范围(Fo61-Fo81)的高限,表明至少部分橄榄石不是寄主侵入体的液相线相。橄榄石的Mg#值(100×Mg/(Mg+Fe))与微量元素(特别是Ni)的相关关系表明存在多种橄榄石晶体群,它们形成于不同的热力学环境中。晶体沉降过程分析表明,寄主岩浆析出的晶体几乎不可能发生快速重力沉降来形成堆晶岩。所有这些证据都表明,形成堆晶岩的矿物主要来自岩浆系统深部不同的岩浆房中,是被岩浆携带输运到终端岩浆房的循环晶。 相似文献
6.
A composite xenolith of olivine-bearing garnet clinopyroxenite wall rock intruded by two spinels + garnet veins is described. Vein minerals exhibit textural evidence of a reaction relationship with the mineral phases in the wall rock. Wall rock clinopyroxene contains exsolved blebby garnet and very fine lamellar exsolution of orthopyroxene, indicating that this xenolith had undergone considerable subsolidus cooling. Garnet-clinopyroxene thermometry suggests that the xenolith last equilibrated in the mantle at a temperature of about 1,060 (ᆭ °C). The spinels in the veins are of two kinds: pleonaste (that occurs with vein garnet) and a high-Mg, high-Al titanomagnetite (MAT spinels). Intriguingly, the MAT spinels are chemically very similar to the spinels found as groundmass in kimberlites, are moderately subhedral to euhedral, have a weakly developed cumulate texture, and, at places, show a reaction relation with the pleonaste + garnet (cumulate?) assemblage in the vein. Based on petrographic, chemical, and phase equilibrium considerations, we propose the following evolutionary history of this composite xenolith. (1) In the first stage the olivine-bearing garnet clinopyroxenite formed as crystal extracts (cumulates) as a result of high pressure fractionation of an alkaline melt in the deepest levels of Hawaiian lithosphere/uppermost asthenosphere (100-110 km). (2) In the second stage, igneous veining (the melt composition of this vein is not precisely known but could be kimberlitic) occurs in the already existing wall rock resulting in the precipitation of pleonaste + garnet. A reaction relation between the igneous veins and the wall rock also characterizes this stage. (3) The last igneous episode in this xenolith is recorded by MAT spinels in the wall rock and their precipitation close to the previous pleonaste + garnet veins. The last igneous stage could well be due again to high pressure fractionation of a kimberlitic melt (the residual melt after precipitation of pleonaste + garnet). The time relationship between exsolution and the later igneous veining stages is not known. The MAT spinels are not a result of sub-solidus solvus processes as partial reaction (melt present) between the pleonaste + garnet (from the second igneous stage) and MAT spinel exists, pointing to the igneous nature of the MAT spinel. Based on striking similarity between the MAT spinels in our xenolith and those found as groundmass in kimberlites, we propose that the veining stages could well have been kimberlitic. Thus, even though kimberlitic melts are not seen on the Koolau shield, this particular xenolith clearly shows the existence of such melts at great depths beneath Hawaii. We also propose that the initial wall rock, which represents crystal extracts (even though it does not exhibit definitive cumulate texture) as a result of high-pressure fractionation of an alkaline melt and subsequent veining episodes, are of pre-Koolau age. This implies that the Koolau shield volcano may have had a pre-shield alkalic stage. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2007,47(3):153-173
The lithology of Malawi is characterized by Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks which form part of the polyphase East African Orogen. Rift-related sedimentation and igneous activity during the late Paleozoic (Karoo System) and the late Mesozoic (Chilwa Province) have produced a great variety of rocks that underwent strong chemical weathering and erosion when the entire region received its final shape by peneplanation and fluvial incision during the Cenozoic under (sub)tropical climatic conditions. Aluminum is a dominating element in minerals (e.g., corundum, kyanite, beryl, gibbsite) in this region. Some minerals were concentrated in deposits bound to Al-enriched host rocks (zircon, pyrochlore, eudialyte, uranium minerals) with high A/CNK ratios, whereas others, e.g., asbestos, chalcedony, monazite, kaolinite, ilmenite and garnet have host rocks of a low A/CNK ratio. Aluminum was used to categorize these various mineral deposits. The abundance of aluminum and accumulations of Nb, Zr, Ti, REE, Sr and Ba point for some mineralisations to similar subcrustal carbonatite-forming systems that were operative during periods of the Precambrian and the Mesozoic in Malawi. Aluminum variation does not only reflect differentiation in the various igneous rock series but it is also visible in the sedimentary realm during transport and weathering. In context with other elements such as Ti and P, Al provides an opportunity to reveal chemical relationships between rocks and mineral deposits. Spinel and Al-enriched silicate minerals can be used as pathfinder minerals in the stream sediments to guide the exploration geologist to non-metallic deposits. 相似文献
8.
岩体型斜长岩为由90%以上斜长石组成的岩浆岩,具变压结晶的特点,仅形成于元古宙(2.1～0.9Ga),常赋存有Fe-Ti-P矿床。Fe-Ti-P矿体既呈整合层状也呈透镜状和席状等不规则形式产出;矿石类型有块状和侵染状,前者矿石矿物含量>70%,后者矿石矿物含量为20%～70%;矿物组成上,不同矿床稍有差别:部分矿床的Fe-Ti氧化物以钛磁铁矿为主、钛铁矿次之,而其他矿床则以赤钛铁矿为主、磁铁矿次之。一些矿床磷灰石含量较高,出现仅由Fe-Ti氧化物和磷灰石组成的铁钛磷灰岩。研究表明,Fe-Ti-P矿床由富Fe、Ti的岩浆演化形成,其母岩浆是在深部岩浆房中大量结晶斜长石后的残余岩浆。部分学者认为不同矿石经正常的结晶分异作用并堆晶形成,但该机制很难解释呈不规则状产出的矿石;其他学者则认为不混熔作用对矿石的富集(尤其是脉状、席状的铁钛磷灰岩)有重要作用,但该机制缺乏岩相学和地球化学方面的证据。河北大庙Fe-Ti-P矿体呈透镜状、席状等不连续地分布于斜长岩中,矿体不发育明显岩浆分层,但仍出现不同矿石的相带。依据详细的岩相学、矿体中矿物含量和成分的变化规律以及全岩地球化学特征,我们判断大庙矿床中不同矿石为堆晶矿物和晶隙流体的混合产物,它们由铁闪长质岩浆经结晶分异和堆晶作用形成,与不混熔作用关系不大。矿体不规则状产出的特点可能与岩浆动力分异作用有关,并伴随有小范围的亚固相迁移。 相似文献
9.
几个铀矿床碱交代作用中重砂矿物变化的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过对碱交代作用前后岩石中重砂矿物──晶质铀矿、锆石、榍石和含铁氧化物等的研究,得出如下结论：在碱交代作用中,含铀副矿物由于在碱性热液中不稳定而大量减少,残留副矿物的铀含量也比交代前减少,其释放出的铀遂成为热液中的铀源之一;碱交代热液呈氧化性质,致使碱交代岩由于高价铁氧化物含量增高而普遍发生“红化”;一些硅酸盐矿物,如石榴石、角闪石、黑云母、榍石等也由于在碱性热液中不稳定而分解。 相似文献
10.
11.
J. A. Gamble 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,88(1-2):173-187
In the upper Hunter Valley of New South Wales a high level teschenitic sill complex emplaced into Permian coal measures derives from parent magmas which were themselves crystal fractionation products of alkali basaltic melts. The sills crystallised in situ and produced a spectrum of rock types ranging from olivine teschenite to teschenite, syenoteschenite and, ultimately, syenite. The olivine teschenites are also enriched in biotite and are crudely interlayered with teschenite and syenoteschenite. The lineage from olivine teschenite to syenoteschenite is characterised by a progressive decrease in olivine and a build-up of alkaline mesostasis which is accompanied by strong chemical zonation in abutting silicate minerals. The alkaline mesostasis and syenites are identical mineralogically. Primary crystallisation of olivine in the olivine teschenite-teschenite-syenoteschenite continuum and data from coexisting iron-titanium oxide pairs suggest that oxygen fugacity was constrained to a path parallel to the QFM buffer curve. Absence of olivine from the alkaline mesostasis and syenite veins, together with the appearance of sphene, indicates buffering of oxygen fugacity by other assemblages (probably annite-alkali feldspar-magnetite) and generally higher fO
2 in the residual liquids. Here, a build-up of CO2, F and Cl, in addition to H2O, influenced the relative stabilities of the pyroxene and amphibole minerals.Major and trace element data support an in situ, progressive congelation model for crystallisation. Mass balance solutions require participation of all phases to produce acceptable residuals. Simple mixing calculations suggest that syenoteschenite consists of teschenite plus approximately 40% syenite, in close agreement with the observed modal mineralogy. Segregation of syenite from syenoteschenite probably occurred when the residual liquid, as represented by mesostasis, reached a critical volume of around 40%. 相似文献
12.
13.
纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部,含铀岩系为中侏罗统直罗组。文章通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射
等分析测试手段,对纳岭沟地区直罗组砂岩粘土矿物的镜下特征、成分及含量进行了系统的观察和研究,探讨了直罗组砂
岩粘土的矿物特征,并初步与伊犁盆地及二连盆地做了对比。研究表明,纳岭沟地区直罗组砂岩的粘土矿物主要为蒙皂
石,其次为高岭石、绿泥石,少量伊利石 。蒙皂石与高岭石存在相互转化现象,部分绿泥石由蒙皂石和高岭石转化而来,
成岩过程中蒙皂石并未大规模自发的向伊利石转化。砂岩的粘土总量较高,与伊犁盆地相比,富含蒙皂石,高岭石含量较
低,粘土矿物的吸附能力较强。在直罗组砂岩的成岩过程中,粘土矿物的吸附作用为直罗组富集了大量的铀,这是鄂尔多
斯盆地东北部地区能形成众多铀矿床乃至超大型铀矿床的重要条件。 相似文献
14.
粤北棉花坑铀矿床蚀变花岗岩副矿物特征研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用电子探针等测试方法,对采自棉花坑铀矿床特富矿体蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物,特别是富铀副矿物进行研究。蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物有锆石、直氟碳钙铈矿、铀石-钍石、磷灰石、磷钇矿、褐帘石等,其中主要富铀副矿物有铀石-钍石、磷钇矿、独居石。研究表明,热液作用能使副矿物的晶体结构和成分发生改变,甚至形成新的矿物,同时使富铀副矿物释放大量的铀进入成矿流体,如磷钇矿蚀变为磷灰石、铀钍石蚀变为铅钍石、独居石可蚀变为直氟碳钙铈矿等;磷灰石、锆石、褐帘石等副矿物铀含量较低,而且在蚀变过程中,它们保持相对稳定,且晶形完好,释放的铀量少;部分蚀变锆石出现相反情况,其铀含量不降反升。研究还表明,富铀副矿物受热液作用越强,即距热液活动中心越近,铀含量的降低越明显,释放的铀就越多,从而为铀矿床的形成提供了丰富的铀源。 相似文献
15.
Whole-rock major element compositions are investigated in 99 cumulates from the Proterozoic Bjerkreim–Sokndal layered intrusion (Rogaland Anorthosite Province, SW Norway), which results from the crystallization of a jotunite (Fe–Ti–P-rich hypersthene monzodiorite) parental magma. The scattering of cumulate compositions covers three types of cumulates: (1) ilmenite–leuconorite with plagioclase, ilmenite and Ca-poor pyroxene as cumulus minerals, (2) magnetite–leuconorite with the same minerals plus magnetite, and (3) gabbronorite made up of plagioclase, Ca-poor and Ca-rich pyroxenes, ilmenite, Ti-magnetite and apatite. Each type of cumulate displays a linear trend in variation diagrams. One pole of the linear trends is represented by plagioclase, and the other by a mixture of the mafic minerals in constant proportion. The mafic minerals were not sorted during cumulate formation though they display large density differences. This suggests that crystal settling did not operate during cumulate formation, and that in situ crystallization with variable nucleation rate for plagioclase was the dominant formation mechanism. The trapped liquid fraction of the cumulate plays a negligible role for the cumulate major element composition. Each linear trend is a locus for the cotectic composition of the cumulates. This property permits reconstruction by graphical mass balance calculation of the first two stages of the liquid line of descent, starting from a primitive jotunite, the Tjörn parental magma. Another type of cumulate, called jotunite cumulate and defined by the mineral association from the Transition Zone of the intrusion, has to be subtracted to simulate the most evolved part of the liquid line of descent. The proposed model demonstrates that average cumulate compositions represent cotectic compositions when the number of samples is large (> 40). The model, however, does not account for the K2O evolution, suggesting that the system was open to contamination by roof melts. The liquid line of descent corresponding to the Bjerkreim–Sokndal cumulates differs slightly from that obtained for jotunitic dykes in that the most Ti-, P- and Fe-rich melts (evolved jotunite) are lacking. The constant composition of the mafic poles during intervals where cryptic layering is conspicuous is explained by a compositional balance between the Fe–Ti oxide minerals, which decrease in Fe content in favour of Ti, and the pyroxenes which increase in Fe. 相似文献
16.
Minoru Utada 《Resource Geology》2003,53(4):293-304
Abstract. The Tsukiyoshi uranium deposit in Gifu Prefecture is the largest one in Japan. It is embedded in lower part of the Mizunami Group of Miocene age. Relating to the existence of this uranium deposit, the constituent minerals in sediments were studied by XRD and SEM, using many drilling cores. The most abundant authigenic mineral is smectite. The amount of smectite increases generally from upper to lower horizons, and a highly smectitized zone is situated around the uranium deposit. Smectitization predominated in mafic glassy grains of sediments, which was probably formed in early burial diagenesis. Zeolites including clinoptilolite-heulandite, mordenite, analcime, chabazite and philipsite are secondly abundant authigenic minerals. They seem to have been formed at early to late diagenetic stages. Opaline silica is rather rare. Carbonate minerals, including cal-cite, dolomite, siderite and rhodochrosite are common. They may be formed by diagenesis as well. Gypsum and pyrite occur in upper horizons and lower horizons, respectively. In particular, a highly smectitized zone including pyrite probably played an important role for retarding the migration of uranium and as a result keeping the uranium deposit for past one million years. This smectite-zeolite envelope surrounding the Tsukiyoshi uranium deposit is regarded as a natural analogue of the buffer materials surrounding the high-level radioactive waste repository. 相似文献
17.
Summary The metabasites of Montiggiu Nieddu occur as a lenticular body in the Hercynian migmatite complex of NE Sardinia and consist
of two major lithological associations: ultramafic amphibolites and plagioclase-banded amphibolites, which are genetically
related by processes of cumulate differentiation of an original tholeiitic magma.
The ultramafic amphibolites consist of relics of igneous phases (anorthite, olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene) and
metamorphic minerals (orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, garnet, chlorite, and amphibole) in variable proportions.
Based on the distribution of the relics of igneous minerals three main compositional layers (A, B, C) have been identified
in the ultramafic amphibolites.
The plagioclase-banded amphibolites consist of dark-green and white bands made up of plagioclase, amphibole, garnet, and rare
pyroxene in variable proportions. No relics of magmatic minerals were observed.
The trace element patterns of the Montiggiu Nieddu metabasites are characterised by selective enrichment of incompatible elements
of low ionic potential, such as Sr, Rb, Ba, and Th, and low abundance of K, Cr, Ni, and elements of high ionic potential (from
Ta to Yb), which define a relatively flat trend similar to MORB composition. Ti, Y, and heavy rare earth elements are all
positively correlated with Zr. This correlation suggests that no significant transport of these elements took place during
metamorphism.
The metabasites of Montiggiu Nieddu are characterised by low Ti, Ti/V, and Ti/Zr content, low rare earth and high-field strength
element concentrations, and moderate selective enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements. They also show geochemical features
similar to those of supra subduction zone tholeiites.
The CaO-MgO diagram displays a segmented trend, which provides powerful evidence in favour of crystal-liquid separation during
magmatic evolution.
Received December 4, 2000; revised version accepted January 29, 2001 相似文献
18.
贵州铜仁坝黄磷矿中铀赋存状态的逐级化学提取研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
贵州铜仁坝黄磷块岩矿床富集放射性元素铀,利用逐级化学提取分析方法对该地区黄磷矿中铀的赋存状态进行探究,有助于进一步探讨磷块岩型铀矿的分布规律、成矿机理及铀资源的综合开发。本文采用经修改的Tessier法流程,提取了水溶态、可交换离子态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机质黄铁矿态、强酸提取态和残渣态等七种不同形态的铀。研究发现:黄磷矿中的铀主要以独立铀矿物和类质同象置换的形式存在,分别占37.83%、37.21%,少量铀(占24.96%)以分散吸附形式存在。分析表明:独立铀矿物在富磷、黄铁矿脉和镜面擦痕发育的岩层中含量较高,说明热液活动有利于独立矿物形式铀的富集;类质同象铀与黄磷矿中的磷含量呈正相关关系,铀元素可能是以离子置换的方式赋存于胶磷矿的晶格缺陷中;吸附形态铀的含量受到岩石中黏土矿物含量和黄铁矿脉的影响,有机质黄铁矿态是吸附形态铀存在的主要方式,少量铀通过扩散作用吸附于黏土矿物表面。除类质同象铀因其存在形式不易被提取利用外,独立铀矿物及吸附形态铀对于未来优化资源配置具有现实意义。 相似文献
19.
The oxygen isotopic composition of uranium minerals: A review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Uranium ore is an essential material in the preparation of nuclear fuel for civilian as well as military uses. Uranium is first extracted from uranium-bearing minerals using a variety of reagents, and is precipitated from solutions as yellow cake prior to isotope enrichment processes. The disintegration of the former Eastern Bloc in the 1990s and frequent unrest in the Middle East have underscored the need for better characterizing source uranium ores for forensic and attribution purposes.The world's major deposits of U occur in several distinctly different geological environments. Fourteen principal types of U deposits and rocks with elevated uranium contents are recognized with more than 40 subtypes. Combining our own analysis and literature data, we have amassed over 250 oxygen isotope data from 13 major U-producing countries, which vary widely from − 32 to + 11‰. However, interpreting the oxygen isotopic composition of uraninite in terms of the composition of the fluid from which it precipitated, or interacted with, requires knowledge of the fractionation factor and temperature of interactions, which are not always available. Since each deposit type occurs within a unique geologic setting and is generally formed from chemically distinct fluids, the chemical compositions of the uranium ores are also distinct: uranium deposits that form in igneous rocks have higher trace element compositions relative to sandstone-hosted deposits. Our data shows that one of the most useful techniques for distinguishing between uranium ore is to use a combination of δ18O values and rare-earth elements (e.g., La/Yb ratios). These methods may allow investigators to trace uranium ore back to the source. 相似文献
20.
为了进一步深化铀矿物的富集机理.利用α径迹放射性照相、扫描电镜、电子探针等方法对鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床中铀矿物的赋存状态进行了系统研究.发现该区铀矿物主要为铀石，少量沥青铀矿和含铀钛矿物.沉积-成岩期碎屑铀矿物赋存在碎屑颗粒内部，吸附在锐钛矿周围，为铀储层中预富集的铀.成矿期铀矿物大部分赋存在碎屑颗粒填隙部位，与黄铁矿、碳质碎屑相伴生，与石英颗粒及方解石胶结关系密切；部分吸附在包裹碎屑颗粒的蒙脱石薄膜上.另外发现了，沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-黄铁矿的矿物组合，以及硒铅矿（PbSe）和白硒铁矿（FeSe2）与铀矿物相伴生，并伴有REE含量明显升高.分析得出，沥青铀矿形成于成矿早期，氧化酸性流体与还原碱性流体的过渡界面，偏向于氧化酸性一侧；而铀石主要形成于成矿晚期的还原碱性环境.双重铀源供给、丰富的还原介质、多源流体的耦合，局部的热液流体叠加改造，共同造就了鄂尔多斯盆地北部大矿、富矿的形成. 相似文献