共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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THOMAS PERMUTT Department of Epidemiology Preventive Medicine University of Marylan W.Baltimore St Baltimore MD U.S.A.STEVEN D.EDLAND Biostatistics Department University of Washington Seattle WA U.S.A.MITHRA MOEZZI Department of Statistics University of Californi Berkeley CA U.S.A.STELLA C.GROSSER Division of Biostatistics University of Californi Los Angeles CA U.S.A. 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(3)
Techniques for testing for and estimating relative bias between two laboratories are developed andapplied to a survey of the chemistry of streams in the United States.The design of the quality assuranceprogram allows estimation of linear corrections for bias as well as testing of the hypothesis of linearity,Designs of this type are useful,but improvements are suggested. 相似文献
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Harry J. Schuler 《The Professional geographer》1979,31(2):146-156
Empirical testing of a decision model yields insights concerning the ways in which shoppers process information about grocery stores. Confirming hypotheses from the literature on consumer preferences, the results show that respondents are primarily concerned with quality and price of merchandise and that behavior is directly linked to derived utility measures. Clustering of the subjects discloses subtle differences among consumer groups in their approaches to evaluating the attributes of grocery stores. 相似文献
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Robert R. J. Mohler Wesley F. Palmer Thomas C. Baker Robert M. Bizzell 《The Professional geographer》1986,38(4):375-382
The development and testing of a computerized technique for utilizing multitemporal Landsat multispectral scanner data to estimate spring small grains acreage are described. The Kauth-Thomas green number transformation is applied to the data prior to application of the pixel-level standardized logic. Four years of data from the U.S. and Canada are used in testing. A comparison of the test results to those of the analyst-intensive procedures indicates a potential for increase in near-harvest estimation efficiency with little sacrifice in accuracy. 相似文献
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Manuel Antonio Ureña-Cámara Javier Lacasta Francisco Javier Ariza-López 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(1):1-27
With recent advances in remote sensing, location-based services and other related technologies, the production of geospatial information has exponentially increased in the last decades. Furthermore, to facilitate discovery and efficient access to such information, spatial data infrastructures were promoted and standardized, with a consideration that metadata are essential to describing data and services. Standardization bodies such as the International Organization for Standardization have defined well-known metadata models such as ISO 19115. However, current metadata assets exhibit heterogeneous quality levels because they are created by different producers with different perspectives. To address quality-related concerns, several initiatives attempted to define a common framework and test the suitability of metadata through automatic controls. Nevertheless, these controls are focused on interoperability by testing the format of metadata and a set of controlled elements. In this paper, we propose a methodology of testing the quality of metadata by considering aspects other than interoperability. The proposal adapts ISO 19157 to the metadata case and has been applied to a corpus of the Spanish Spatial Data Infrastructure. The results demonstrate that our quality check helps determine different types of errors for all metadata elements and can be almost completely automated to enhance the significance of metadata. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):375-381
The development and testing of a computerized technique for utilizing multitemporal Landsat multispectral scanner data to estimate spring small grains acreage are described. The Kauth-Thomas green number transformation is applied to the data prior to application of the pixel-level standardized logic. Four years of data from the U.S. and Canada are used in testing. A comparison of the test results to those of the analyst-intensive procedures indicates a potential for increase in near-harvest estimation efficiency with little sacrifice in accuracy. 相似文献
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Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
G. D. Bensen M. H. Ritzwoller M. P. Barmin A. L. Levshin F. Lin M. P. Moschetti N. M. Shapiro Y. Yang 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(3):1239-1260
Ambient noise tomography is a rapidly emerging field of seismological research. This paper presents the current status of ambient noise data processing as it has developed over the past several years and is intended to explain and justify this development through salient examples. The ambient noise data processing procedure divides into four principal phases: (1) single station data preparation, (2) cross-correlation and temporal stacking, (3) measurement of dispersion curves (performed with frequency–time analysis for both group and phase speeds) and (4) quality control, including error analysis and selection of the acceptable measurements. The procedures that are described herein have been designed not only to deliver reliable measurements, but to be flexible, applicable to a wide variety of observational settings, as well as being fully automated. For an automated data processing procedure, data quality control measures are particularly important to identify and reject bad measurements and compute quality assurance statistics for the accepted measurements. The principal metric on which to base a judgment of quality is stability, the robustness of the measurement to perturbations in the conditions under which it is obtained. Temporal repeatability, in particular, is a significant indicator of reliability and is elevated to a high position in our assessment, as we equate seasonal repeatability with measurement uncertainty. Proxy curves relating observed signal-to-noise ratios to average measurement uncertainties show promise to provide useful expected measurement error estimates in the absence of the long time-series needed for temporal subsetting. 相似文献
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EDSS is a comprehensive software system for water quality management in tidal river networks in general and for the Pearl River Delta in particular. Its purpose is to provide a practical tool that could assist government agencies in decision making for the efficient management of water resources in terms of both quantity and quality. By combining the capabilities of geographical information system (GIS), database management system (DBMS), model base management system (MBMS) and expert system, the aim is to improve the quality of decision making in what is becoming an increasingly complex area. This paper first outlines the basic concepts and philosophy adopted in developing EDSS, the system architecture, design features, implementation techniques and facilities provided. Thereafter, the core part of the system — the hydrodynamic and water quality models are described briefly. The final contribution in this paper describes the application of EDSS to the Pearl River Delta, which has the most complicated tidal river network patterns as well as the fastest economic development in the world. Examples are given of the real-world problems that can be addressed using the system, including cross-boundary water pollution analysis, regional drinking water take-up site selection, screening of important polluters, environmental impact assessment, and water quality zoning and planning. It is illustrated that EDSS can provide efficient and scientific analytical tools for planning and decision-making purposes in the information era. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionEnvironmental decision support systems could be divided into two categories by their organizational form and system functions. One is regional environmental analytical system based on commercial GIS and assisted by environmental models, such as BASINS developed by the American NEPA using ARC/VIEW as its user platform and including QUAL2E and NPSM as its prediction tools. The other is environmental information and prediction system based on mathematical models, such as… 相似文献
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人口文化素质与经济发展的互动关系模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据中国1994～2006年经济发展水平与人口文化素质的统计资料,选取人均GDP和接受过不同教育程度的人口比重分别作为经济发展水平和人口文化素质的衡量指标。经济发展水平与人口文化素质之间的Pearson积差相关分析表明：经济发展水平与人口文化素质之间具有强相关性。针对经济发展水平与人口文化素质之间的强相关关系,运用中国经济发展水平与人口文化素质的时空序列数据,对经济发展水平（y）与人口文化素质（x）进行最优曲线拟合,拟合曲线表明：经济发展水平与人口文化素质之间存在对数关系模型：Y=a＋blnx。 相似文献
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通过对国内有关城镇化发展质量评价的研究文献在发表年代、成果名称及出处、指标主要构成、研究区域、研究方法及指标数据来源等内容的对比分析,梳理出国内城镇化质量评价研究的成果和存在的问题。在此基础上从定量和定性2个方面重新构建城镇化健康发展质量评价指标体系,定量指标体系涵盖经济、社会、资源与环境、公共服务与居民生活及城乡统筹与城乡一体化健康发展5个方面共计60个指标;定性指标体系涵盖城乡发展协调程度和城镇居民满意度2个方面共计32个指标。在测评方法上,学者们常用的熵值法、因子分析法、层次分析法、模糊综合评判法等分析方法均适用于该指标体系。对城镇化质量进行实际测评时,要求定量和定性指标体系同时使用,且测评结果应基本相同。研究成果旨在为科学、全面评价中国城镇化质量提供一套可参考的指标体系。 相似文献
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The IASPEI procedure for the evaluation of earthquake precursors 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Full scientific evaluation of proposed earthquake precursors for earthquake prediction is a problem because independent testing is difficult or impossible. To approach this difficulty, and to assess the current state of the art of earthquake prediction research, IASPEI has devised a peer-review procedure for precursor evaluation. The procedure does not consider predictions of impending earthquakes, but evaluates case histories of proposed precursors for past events according to stated validation criteria, which are specified in terms of guidelines concerning the hypothesized physical model, data quality, anomaly definition, the rules of association of precursor with earthquake, and statistical significance. So far, five precursors have been placed on a preliminary list of significant earthquake precursors, although none has satisfied the validation criteria well enough to ensure that their placement is permanent. Exclusion of a precursor from the list does not mean it is useless, but further work is required if it is to become convincing. The main objectives in producing the list are to establish a consensus on the criteria which a precursor must satisfy to be recognized as validated, and to find case histories which satisfy these criteria. Further nominations of precursor candidates are requested for evaluation by the IASPEI procedure. 相似文献
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北京城郊山地森林游憩机会谱构建 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
20世纪中叶,到森林中休闲游憩的人数剧增,为了保护生态环境,同时为游客提供高质量的游憩体验,美国林务局的管理者和专家发展了游憩机会谱(ROS)理念和管理框架,其主要以游憩需求为导向,依据"自然环境"、"社会环境"和"管理环境"指标对游憩区进行分类分级,编制游憩机会清单,对资源进行清查、规划和管理。本文在介绍ROS理论的基础上,结合北京市民森林游憩的需求特征和森林游憩区当前的管理体制和开发利用现状,筛选出"自然程度"、"偏远程度"、"游客密度"和"管理强度"4个评价指标,分析提出了北京山地森林游憩机会谱,将北京城郊山地森林游憩区分为城郊开发区域、城郊自然区域、乡村开发区域、乡村自然区域和半原始区域五个游憩机会等级,并结合目前的北京市游憩资源的利用和管理现状,用GIS作图直观展示了各游憩机会的分布,分析比较了各游憩机会的供需状况,为北京城郊森林游憩的规划和管理提出了合理化建议。 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(5):496-516
The development of new approaches for understanding processes of urban development and their environmental effects, as well as strategies for sustainable management, is essential in expanding metropolitan areas. This study illustrates the potential of linking urban growth and watershed models to identify problem areas and support long-term watershed planning. Sediment is a primary source of nonpoint-source pollution in surface waters. In urban areas, sediment is intermingled with other surface debris in transport. In an effort to forecast the effects of development on surface-water quality, changes predicted in urban areas by the SLEUTH urban growth model were applied in the context of erosion-sedimentation models (Universal Soil Loss Equation and Spatially Explicit Delivery Models). The models are used to simulate the effect of excluding hot-spot areas of erosion and sedimentation from future urban growth and to predict the impacts of alternative erosion-control scenarios. Ambos Nogales, meaning "both Nogaleses," is a name commonly used for the twin border cities of Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. The Ambos Nogales watershed has experienced a decrease in water quality as a result of urban development in the twin-city area. Population growth rates in Ambos Nogales are high and the resources set in place to accommodate the rapid population influx will soon become overburdened. Because of its remote location and binational governance, monitoring and planning across the border is compromised. One scenario described in this research portrays an improvement in water quality through the identification of high-risk areas using models that simulate their protection from development and replanting with native grasses, while permitting the predicted and inevitable growth elsewhere. This is meant to add to the body of knowledge about forecasting the impact potential of urbanization on sediment delivery to streams for sustainable development, which can be accomplished in a virtual environment. 相似文献
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Natural Resources Research - Recognition of reservoir quality is an important objective in reservoir characterization process. By definition, the quality of a reservoir is described by its... 相似文献
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桂西地区地质遗迹与民族文化资源的空间关系及成因机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
作为民族地区自然要素与人文要素的核心内容,地质遗迹和民族文化资源存在密切的空间关联和相互作用关系,定量研究两者的空间关系,是揭示民族地区人与自然关系及其成因机理的重要途径。本文从数量空间关系、质量空间关系和空间耦合关系3个方面,提出普适性的地质遗迹与民族文化资源空间关系定量研究方案,并以两类资源优势突出的桂西地区为典型区域展开研究。结果表明：桂西地区地质遗迹与民族文化资源的数量空间关联指数R值为0.478,其显著性检验显示两者之间数量空间关联密切;耦合协调度CI值越高表明地质遗迹与民族文化资源的质量空间关系越密切,桂西地区平均CI值为0.95,达到优质协调等级,表明两者之间具有很高的质量空间关联;耦合型资源评价值D越高表明地质遗迹与民族文化资源空间耦合关系越密切,桂西地区平均D值为1.04,靖西、平果、南丹、宜州等12县（市、区）D值较高,田林、田东、右江等部分县（市、区）D值较低,表明两者之间空间耦合关系总体密切但分布不均衡。地质遗迹与民族文化资源密切空间关系的成因机理,为始终同步进行并贯穿于民族地区人与自然关系各个方面的两者间的相互影响和作用所阐释,地质遗迹及其自然环境构成影响和制约民族文化产生、发展与演变的“地学基因”,而民族文化资源则是体现各民族对地质遗迹及其自然环境的选择与适应能力的创造物。 相似文献