Prediction of true classes of surficial and deep earth materials using multivariate spatial data is a common challenge for geoscience modelers. Most geological processes leave a footprint that can be explored by geochemical data analysis. These footprints are normally complex statistical and spatial patterns buried deep in the high-dimensional compositional space. This paper proposes a spatial predictive model for classification of surficial and deep earth materials derived from the geochemical composition of surface regolith. The model is based on a combination of geostatistical simulation and machine learning approaches. A random forest predictive model is trained, and features are ranked based on their contribution to the predictive model. To generate potential and uncertainty maps, compositional data are simulated at unsampled locations via a chain of transformations (isometric log-ratio transformation followed by the flow anamorphosis) and geostatistical simulation. The simulated results are subsequently back-transformed to the original compositional space. The trained predictive model is used to estimate the probability of classes for simulated compositions. The proposed approach is illustrated through two case studies. In the first case study, the major crustal blocks of the Australian continent are predicted from the surface regolith geochemistry of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia project. The aim of the second case study is to discover the superficial deposits (peat) from the regional-scale soil geochemical data of the Tellus Project. The accuracy of the results in these two case studies confirms the usefulness of the proposed method for geological class prediction and geological process discovery.
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浅层地震反射波法是一种常用的勘探方法,它的应用范围非常广,如地质勘查、滑坡勘察~([1])、墩身检测~([2])等。采用地震反射波法进行水底隧道的勘探渐多,说明该方法水上勘探的有效性~([3])。笔者应用此项技术结合厦门湾海底隧道水上地震的实际操作对发射波法在水底隧道的地质勘查进行了研究。 相似文献
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在隧道工程地质勘察中,物探工效高、信息丰富、成本低、勘探周期短、效果好等优点,得到了大家的重视。EH4电磁成像系统最近几年较好地应用在工程物探中的一种手段,它利用不同岩性和相同岩性不同赋存结构间所反映的电性特征差异,可用来测定、基岩的起伏情况,测定隐伏断层、破碎带的位置及产状以及评价岩体质量和工程地质围岩分类等。本文结合张唐铁路定测阶段的施工,选择典型地段为实例,对围岩分级和不良地质体圈定进行了分析,探测结果与地勘结果相吻合,表明该系统对探测铁路隧道地质勘察是一种便捷有效的方法。 相似文献
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为对综合物探技术在公路中的应用情况进行探讨,本文通过总结公路工程中常用的几种物探技术工作原理及技术优势,并结合不同地质条件下各探测技术的实际应用情况对综合物探技术应用进行分析,结果表明:采用深层地震反射波法辅以高频大地电磁法可快速有效地分析出勘测区域地层岩性、断层分布及地下水文状况,为前期设计提供准确资料,所测地质状况与后期施工实际地质情况吻合。 相似文献
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城市活断层研究对城市经济建设具有极其重要的意义,是近年来地球物理学者关心的热点问题。随着地球物理勘探技术的进步,已使得人们对活断层从定性研究向定量研究转变。但由于活断层时空域参数的复杂性,仅通过单一物探手段并不能解决综合性的探测工程,那么在特定区域开展工作时就需配合不同的方法,本文介绍了地球物理勘探中的三维地震、高密度电阻率两种方法,以揭示活断层的地质特性和深部构造环境,提高解译工作的准确性。 相似文献
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使用综合性(电阻率联合剖面法、高密度电法、直流电测深与瞬变电磁法、地质雷达测量法、浅层高分辨率地震法、重磁法)的地球物理办法对A市活断层进行探测,通过实验结果可以看出,采用联合剖面法、高密度电法、地质雷达等方法,可以对活断层位置、产状与形态的探测发挥巨大优势。本文还对各个区域的多环境复杂等相关因素,使用新型的数据处理技术对其进行处理,从而可以加强探测工作的质量与效率,为日后的活断层探测等相关工作提供参考。 相似文献
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《盐湖研究》2015,(2)
浅地层地震剖面探测技术是一种基于声学原理连续走航式探测水下浅部地层结构与构造、沉积物特征及矿物分布的地球物理探测方法,具有连续性好、分辨率高和直观性强的特点。在湖泊沉积尤其是水下沉积研究中,弥补了沉积物钻孔分析"一柱之见"的局限性,能够更加直观准确地揭示湖泊沉积层垂向和横向地层结构、构造及其空间分布。回顾浅地层地震剖面探测技术的发展历程,基于湖泊地震相解释的原理,其在湖泊水位、湖泊古地质活动、湖盆形态演变等研究中已有一定的应用,初显了浅地层地震剖面探测技术在晚更新世以来湖泊沉积研究中的独特优势。近期,与RS和GIS技术结合,实现了湖泊沉积2D和3D可视化。湖泊水浅、植物多、浮泥厚等因素影响反射波与图像质量,浅地层地震剖面探测技术在硬件设备、数据采集时的参数设置及数据后处理软件功能完善等方面,仍有待提高。 相似文献
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浅地层地震剖面探测技术是一种基于声学原理连续走航式探测水下浅部地层结构与构造、沉积物特征及矿物分布的地球物理探测方法,具有连续性好、分辨率高和直观性强的特点。在湖泊沉积尤其是水下沉积研究中,弥补了沉积物钻孔分析"一柱之见"的局限性,能够更加直观准确地揭示湖泊沉积层垂向和横向地层结构、构造及其空间分布。回顾浅地层地震剖面探测技术的发展历程,基于湖泊地震相解释的原理,其在湖泊水位、湖泊古地质活动、湖盆形态演变等研究中已有一定的应用,初显了浅地层地震剖面探测技术在晚更新世以来湖泊沉积研究中的独特优势。近期,与RS和GIS技术结合,实现了湖泊沉积2D和3D可视化。湖泊水浅、植物多、浮泥厚等因素影响反射波与图像质量,浅地层地震剖面探测技术在硬件设备、数据采集时的参数设置及数据后处理软件功能完善等方面,仍有待提高。 相似文献
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弹性应变能的积聚是产生岩爆的内因,但岩爆的发生往往具有外界因素的扰动．据些首先分析了动力扰动对岩爆触发的机理,然后结合某水电站引水隧洞岩爆实例,利用复反应分析原理计算了动力扰动过程对岩爆的影响． 相似文献
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Talebi Hassan Mueller Ute Tolosana-Delgado Raimon Grunsky Eric C. McKinley Jennifer M. Caritat Patrice de 《Natural Resources Research》2019,28(3):869-891
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深基坑工程施工中安全事故的发生给社会及施工企业带来了不良影响和巨大的经济损失,如何减少深基坑工程安全事故发生率,降低工程风险是一个值得研究的问题。本文通过将模糊理论与故障树分析方法相结合,建立了基于模糊故障树法的深基坑支护工程项目风险评估模型,克服了传统故障树方法忽略底事件发生概率的不确定性这一缺陷。通过对某深基坑工程实例的计算分析,说明了本文所建立的模型在深基坑工程风险评估中具有较好的理论价值与实际应用价值。 相似文献
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Dyman T. S. Wyman R. E. Kuuskraa V. A. Lewan M. D. Cook T. A. 《Natural Resources Research》2003,12(1):41-56
From a geological perspective, deep natural gas resources generally are defined as occurring in reservoirs below 15,000 feet, whereas ultradeep gas occurs below 25,000 feet. From an operational point of view, deep may be thought of in a relative sense based on the geologic and engineering knowledge of gas (and oil) resources in a particular area. Deep gas occurs in either conventionally trapped or unconventional (continuous-type) basin-center accumulations that are essentially large single fields having spatial dimensions often exceeding those of conventional fields.Exploration for deep conventional and continuous-type basin-center natural gas resources deserves special attention because these resources are widespread and occur in diverse geologic environments. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that 939 TCF of technically recoverable natural gas remained to be discovered or was part of reserve appreciation from known fields in the onshore areas and state waters of the United States. Of this USGS resource, nearly 114 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of technically recoverable gas remains to be discovered from deep sedimentary basins. Worldwide estimates of deep gas also are high. The U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 Project recently estimated a world undiscovered conventional gas resource outside the U.S. of 844 Tcf below 4.5 km (about 15,000 feet).Less is known about the origins of deep gas than about the origins of gas at shallower depths because fewer wells have been drilled into the deeper portions of many basins. Some of the many factors contributing to the origin and accumulation of deep gas include the initial concentration of organic matter, the thermal stability of methane, the role of minerals, water, and nonhydrocarbon gases in natural gas generation, porosity loss with increasing depth and thermal maturity, the kinetics of deep gas generation, thermal cracking of oil to gas, and source rock potential based on thermal maturity and kerogen type. Recent experimental simulations using laboratory pyrolysis methods have provided much information on the origins of deep gas.Technologic problems are among the greatest challenges to deep drilling. Problems associated with overcoming hostile drilling environments (e.g. high temperatures and pressures, and acid gases such as CO2 and H2S) for successful well completion, present the greatest obstacles to drilling, evaluating, and developing deep gas fields. Even though the overall success ratio for deep wells (producing below 15,000 feet) is about 25%, a lack of geological and geophysical information continues to be a major barrier to deep gas exploration.Results of recent finding-cost studies by depth interval for the onshore U.S. indicate that, on average, deep wells cost nearly 10 times more to drill than shallow wells, but well costs and gas recoveries differ widely among different gas plays in different basins.Based on an analysis of natural gas assessments, deep gas holds significant promise for future exploration and development. Both basin-center and conventional gas plays could contain significant deep undiscovered technically recoverable gas resources. 相似文献
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为进一步加强海岸带综合管理，探索更有效的空间管控方法，从各类生态环境敏感性的形成机理出发，通过选取代表性评价指标构建评价模型，综合评估了海南省临高县海岸带生态环境敏感性和地质灾害风险性，并将其与国土规划相结合，对研究区进行了深度空间管控分区分析。结果表明：1）土地荒漠化、土地盐渍化、暴雨洪涝、赤潮、海岸侵蚀均以轻度敏感为主，土壤侵蚀、台风灾害以中度敏感为主，特殊生境、风暴潮和灾害性海浪以高度敏感为主。综合敏感性轻度、中度、高度与极度敏感区面积分别为10 651.28、9 682.11、3 275.29和983.88 hm2，其中高度敏感区以调楼镇分布面积最大，极度敏感区以博厚镇分布最广；2）地质灾害以地震、崩塌、滑坡、地面沉降、砂土液化为主，除地震风险分为风险大区与中等区外，其余4种均只有中等风险区和风险小区，综合风险则有大、中等和小3个分级，其中风险大区主要分布于博厚、东英、波莲与皇桐镇的断裂带两侧各15 m范围区内，总面积为118.86 hm2；3）集生态敏感性、地质灾害风险与国土规划多元视野的海岸带深度空间管控分区，可较好地识别重要保护对象与关键保护区域，并使海岸带获得充分开发与利用。 相似文献
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