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1.
The tracking performance of a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is affected by the influence of several error sources. In addition to thermal noise and dynamic stress error, oscillator phase noise can cause significant phase jitter which degrades the tracking performance. Oscillator phase noise is usually caused by two different effects: Allan deviation phase noise is caused by frequency instabilities of the receiver's reference oscillator and the satellite's frequency standard. It can be termed as system-inherent phase noise and is relevant for both static and dynamic applications. “External” phase noise, however, is caused by vibration and is a major problem for dynamic applications. In the context of this paper, both types of phase noise will be modeled and the resulting integrals will be evaluated for PLLs up to the third order. Besides, phase jitter induced by thermal noise and signal dynamics will also be discussed, thus providing all necessary formulas for analyzing the performance of a phase lock loop in case of different forms of stress. Since the main focus is centered on the effects of oscillator phase noise, the overall PLL performance is graphically illustrated with and without consideration of oscillator phase noise. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
2.
导航信号经过电子密度不均匀的电离层时,信号的幅度和相位会产生快速随机起伏,即为电离层闪烁。电离层闪烁对接收机信号捕获跟踪以及解调定位都有一定的影响,本文采用理论和仿真的方法分析了电离层闪烁对I,Q支路以及跟踪环路的影响。结果表明:相位闪烁对信号I,Q支路均有影响,幅度闪烁对I支路的影响比较大,在相位闪烁比较强或者幅度闪烁比较强的区域,信号更难跟踪处理。弱闪烁时锁相环(PLL)的跟踪门限约29 dBHz,延迟锁定环路(DLL)的跟踪门限约为20.2 dBHz,强闪烁时PLL跟踪门限约为32 dBHz,DLL的跟踪门限约为22 dBHz。相比而言,载波跟踪环路更加脆弱。同时得到,闪烁越强,载波发生周跳的概率越大,载噪比越高,抗闪烁能力越强。 相似文献
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A reduced inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of only one vertical gyro and two horizontal accelerometers or three orthogonal accelerometers can be used in land vehicle navigation systems to reduce volume and cost. In this paper, a reduced IMU is integrated with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver whose phase lock loops (PLLs) are aided with the Doppler shift from the integrated system. This approach is called tight integration with loop aiding (TLA). With Doppler aiding, the noise bandwidth of the PLL loop filters can be narrowed more than in the GPS-only case, which results in improved noise suppression within the receiver. In this paper, first the formulae to calculate the PLL noise bandwidth in a TLA GPS/reduced IMU are derived and used to design an adaptive PLL loop filter. Using a series of vehicle tests, results show that the noise bandwidth calculation formulae are valid and the adaptive loop filter can improve the performance of the TLA GPS/reduced IMU in both navigation performance and PLL tracking ability. 相似文献
5.
Use of the L2C signal for inversions of GPS radio occultation data in the neutral atmosphere 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. V. Sokolovskiy W. S. Schreiner Z. Zeng D. C. Hunt Y.-H. Kuo T. K. Meehan T. W. Stecheson A. J. Mannucci C. O. Ao 《GPS Solutions》2014,18(3):405-416
Results from processing FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultations (RO) with the new GPS L2C signal acquired both in phase locked loop (PLL) and open loop (OL) modes are presented. Analysis of L2P, L2C, and L1CA signals acquired in PLL mode shows that in the presence of strong ionospheric scintillation not only L2P tracking, but also L1CA tracking often fails, while L2C tracking is most stable. The use of L2C improves current RO processing in the neutral atmosphere mainly by increasing the number of processed occultations (due to significant reduction in the number of L2 tracking failures) and marginally by a reduction in noise in statistics. The latter is due to the combination of reduced L2C noise (compared to L2P) and increased L1CA noise in those occultations where L2P would have failed. This result suggests application of OL tracking for L1CA and L2C signals throughout an entire occultation to optimally acquire RO data. Two methods of concurrent processing of L1CA and L2C RO signals are considered. Based on testing of individual occultations, these methods allow: (1) reduction in uncertainty of bending angles retrieved by wave optics in the lower troposphere and (2) reduction in small-scale residual errors of the ionospheric correction in the stratosphere. 相似文献
6.
Strong equatorial scintillation is often characterized by simultaneous fast phase changes and deep amplitude fading. The combined effect poses a challenge for GNSS receiver carrier tracking performance. One of the consequences of the strong scintillation is increased navigation message data bit decoding error. Understanding the rate of the data bit decoding error under equatorial scintillation is essential for high accuracy and high integrity applications. We present the statistical relationship between the data bit decoding error occurrences and the intensity of amplitude scintillation based on the processing of intermediate frequency GPS scintillation data collected on Ascension Island in March 2013. A third-order phase lock loop (PLL) is implemented to process the data and to access the data bit error typically expected in conventional receivers. A Kalman filter-based PLL is also used to process the same data to demonstrate that the data bit decoding error can be reduced through advanced carrier tracking designs. 相似文献
7.
为满足组合导航系统在高动态环境下的性能要求,设计基于矢量跟踪的GNSS／SINS相干深组合导航方法。利用矢量跟踪环路将所有可视卫星的跟踪和导航解算融为一体,增强通道间的辅助;高动态对载波跟踪影响更大,在通道预滤波中将码环载波环分别用独立的滤波器处理,组合滤波中采用通道间差分降低滤波状态维数,提高计算效率。引入惯导的加速度辅助本地信号参数预测,较精确地测量卫星视线方向的加速度,减小接收机在高动态时段的剩余动态,提高本地信号参数的预测精度。基于矢量跟踪软件接收机搭建相干深组合仿真系统,实验表明该方法在高动态等环境下能提高信号跟踪性能,改善系统的精度、可靠性。 相似文献
8.
Stability, which is significantly related to the loop parameters, is an important factor in the traditional GPS tracking loop design. Through the analysis of phase margin values in the discrete GPS PLL tacking loop, we are able to theoretically reveal the relationship between loop stability, equivalent noise bandwidth B n , predetection integration time T, and loop parameters. We calculate the theoretical limitations for B n T, that is, the product of equivalent noise bandwidth multiplied by predetection integration time, for second- and third-order phase-locked loop, respectively. The results are verified by actual data from GPS receivers. 相似文献
9.
A Kalman filter-based method combining the energy of both L1 C/A and L2C GPS signals in a combined tracking loop method to
enhance performance under adverse conditions is developed. Standard tracking methods and the ionospheric effect on GPS signals
are reviewed and compared to a new Kalman filter that simultaneously estimates delay, phase and total electron content by
combining L1 C/A and L2C code and phase discriminator outputs. The new filter is tested and compared to standard methods for
tracking L1 C/A and L2C using both simulated and real data. The new method is found to have improved sensitivity of 3 dB compared
to standard L1 tracking and 4.5 dB compared to standard L2C tracking while at the same time providing an accurate estimate
of the total electron content along the signal path. 相似文献
10.
The analysis of tracking loops for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers is often confined to Monte Carlo approaches that can result in long simulation times and a limited number of simulation runs. A different approach based on Semi-Analytic principles is considered here. Matlab® code implementing a Semi-Analytic framework for the fast simulation of GNSS digital tracking loops is presented. The code structure is detailed and two specific examples implementing a standard PLL and the Double Estimator for unambiguous binary offset carrier (BOC) tracking are provided. The code has been organized in a modular way, and can be easily modified for the simulation of different tracking loops. 相似文献
11.
Anthony M. McCaffrey P. T. Jayachandran Richard B. Langley Jean-Marie Sleewaegen 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(1):23
The introduction of the unencrypted global positioning system (GPS) L2 civil (L2C) signal has the potential to improve measurements made with the L2 frequency, an important observable in GPS-based ionospheric research and monitoring. Recent work has shown significant differences between the legacy L2P(Y) and L2C-derived total electron content rate of change index (ROTI). This difference is observed between L2P(Y) and L2C-derived ROTI with certain receiver models and between zero-baseline receiver pairs. We discuss the likely cause for these differences: L1-aided tracking used to track both the L2P(Y) and L2C signals. We also present L2C data that are confirmed to be from tracking independent of L1. Using the ionospheric-free linear combination, we show that the independently tracked carrier phase dynamics are significantly more accurate than the L1-aided observables. This result is confirmed by comparing the behavior of the L2C and L2P(Y) carrier phase observables upon a sudden antenna rotation. 相似文献
12.
Haiying Liu Xiaolin Meng Zhiming Chen Scott Stephenson Pekka Peltola 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(4):795-805
Current cooperative positioning with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for connected vehicle application mainly uses pseudorange measurements. However, the positioning accuracy offered cannot meet the requirements for lane-level positioning, collision avoidance and future automatic driving, which needs real-time positioning accuracy of better than 0.5 m. Furthermore, there is an apparent lack of research into the integrity issue for these new applications under emerging driverless vehicle applications. In order to overcome those problems, a new extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a multi-failure diagnosis algorithm are developed to process both GNSS pseudorange and carrier phase measurements. We first introduce a new closed-loop EKF with partial ambiguity resolution as feedback to address the low accuracy issue. Then a multi-failure diagnosis algorithm is proposed to improve integrity and reliability. The core of this new algorithm includes using Carrier phase-based Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring method for failure detection, and the double extended w test detectors to identify failure. A cooperative positioning experiment was carried out to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed closed-loop EKF can provide highly accurate positioning, and the multi-failure diagnosis method is effective in detecting and identifying failures for both code and carrier phase measurements. 相似文献
13.
理想情况下,数字锁相环(DPLL)的环路参数可以通过直接计算输入原子钟与压控振荡器(VCO)的相位噪声功率谱交点来确定. 但该方法不能考虑到锁相环(PLL)其他模块的噪声,这会导致输出性能恶化. 针对这一问题,文中从PLL模型出发,基于PLL环路传递函数和幂律谱模型,提出PLL模块噪声的等效方法. 该方法将PLL各模块噪声分别等效到输入和VCO的相位噪声上,使得PLL的噪声传递模型只含有等效输入噪声和等效VCO噪声. 然后可以直接计算两者相位噪声交点并设置合理的环路参数. 通过该方法确定的环路参数可以充分结合输入原子钟信号和VCO信号的相位噪声和频率稳定度特性,弥补了直接计算交点法不能考虑模块噪声的缺点. 实验表明:文中方法所选择的环路参数能使得输出信号具备良好的稳定度,可以为应用于净化原子钟信号的数字锁相装置环路参数的确定提供理论指导. 相似文献
14.
A performance comparison of single and dual frequency GPS ambiguity resolution strategies 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The impact of observation selection, observation combination and model parameterization on GPS carrier phase ambiguity resolution and position accuracy under operational conditions is investigated. The impact of an ionospheric bias for a generic linear combination of L1 and L2 measurements is assessed and the results are used to clearly outline the desirable characteristics for improving ambiguity resolution versus positioning accuracy performance. Ambiguity resolution performance and position accuracy are shown for widelane (WL), L1-only, and ionospheric-free (IF) combinations. Several techniques for dealing with the ionospheric bias are also presented and compared, including stochastic ionospheric modelling. Multiple carrier phase combination solutions estimated in the same filter are also compared. The concept of an optimal processing strategy—in terms of both reliable ambiguity resolution and high accuracy positions—is presented. In total, eight strategies, which vary in observables and parameters, are tested on several datasets ranging from 13 km to 43 km. 相似文献
15.
为了满足高动态用户及强干扰条件下的应用需求,提出了一种基于卫星信号矢量跟踪的SINS/GPS深组合导航方法,设计了基于FPGA硬件平台的实施方案。利用组合卡尔曼滤波器反馈回路取代了传统接收机中独立、并行的跟踪环路,能够同时完成所有可视卫星信号的跟踪和导航信息处理;通过矢量跟踪算法对所有可视卫星信号进行集中处理,能够增强跟踪通道对信号载噪比变化的适应能力,从而提高接收机在强干扰或信号中断条件下的跟踪性能;根据SINS导航参数和星历信息推测GPS伪码相位和多普勒频移等参数,用以辅助卫星信号的捕获和跟踪,能够大大缩短接收机的搜索捕获时间,并增强接收机在高动态条件下的跟踪性能。基于矢量跟踪的深组合方法不仅在GPS信号短暂中断期间,能够保证系统的导航精度和可靠性,而且在强干扰环境中能够维持较好的伪码相位和载波频率跟踪性能。 相似文献
16.
基于IGS的L2C信号跟踪站数据验证了具有L2C码的卫星的L2载波的信噪比高于没有L2C码的卫星的L2载波的信噪比,L2载波恢复的数据质量更好.针对不同的接收机,对比分析了C/A码和L2C码多路径效应及观测噪声水平,发现对TRIMBLE NETRS接收机,L2C码误差水平明显高于C/A码,与期望结果相反. 相似文献
17.
针对高动态场景,单独的码环路很难实现跟踪,由于高动态载波跟踪的算法很成熟,通常应用载波跟踪结果对码环路进行辅助,针对窄体制信号,这种方法可以帮助消除码环的动态误差,但对宽体制信号来说,辅助力度减小。从高动态宽带信号码跟踪误差门限以及跟踪精度入手,分析了单独码跟踪算法的易失锁性,理论和仿真验证应用高动态载波跟踪结果辅助码跟踪算法的有效性,且具有高的跟踪精度。这为导航接收机的跟踪算法提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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A multi-technique approach for characterizing the SVN49 signal anomaly, part 2: chip shape analysis 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Steffen Thoelert Michael Meurer Stefan Erker Oliver Montenbruck André Hauschild Pat Fenton 《GPS Solutions》2012,16(1):29-39
Due to a satellite internal reflection at the L5 test payload, the SVN49 (PRN1) GPS satellite exhibits a static multipath
on the L1 and L2 signals, which results in elevation-dependent tracking errors for terrestrial receivers. Using a 30-m high-gain
antenna, code and carrier phase measurements as well as raw in-phase and quadrature radio frequency samples have been collected
during a series of zenith passes in mid-April 2010 to characterize the SVN49 multipath and its impact on common users. Following
an analysis of the receiver tracking data and the IQ constellation provided in Part 1 of this study, the present Part 2 provides
an in-depth investigation into chip shapes for the L1 and L2 signals. A single reflection model is found to be compatible
with the observed chip shape distortions and key parameters for an elevation dependent multipath model are derived. A good
agreement is found between multipath parameters derived independently from raw IQ-samples and measurements of a so-called
Vision Correlator. The chip shapes and their observed variation with elevation can be used to predict the multipath response
of different correlator types within a tracking receiver. The multipath model itself is suitable for implementation in a signal
simulator and thus enables laboratory testing of actual receiver hardware. 相似文献
20.
Compared with the traditional GPS L1 C/A BPSK-R(1) signal, wideband global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals suffer more severe distortion due to ionospheric dispersion. Ionospheric dispersion inevitably introduces additional errors in pseudorange and carrier phase observations that cannot be readily eliminated by traditional methods. Researchers have reported power losses, waveform ripples, correlation peak asymmetries, and carrier phase shifts caused by ionospheric dispersion. We analyze the code tracking bias induced by ionospheric dispersion and propose an efficient all-pass filter to compensate the corresponding nonlinear group delay over the signal bandwidth. The filter is constructed in a cascaded biquad form based on the estimated total electron content (TEC). The effects of TEC accuracy, filter order, and fraction parameter on the filter fitting error are explored. Taking the AltBOC(15,10) signal as an example, we compare the time domain signal waveforms, correlation peaks, code tracking biases, and carrier phase biases with and without this all-pass filter and demonstrate that the proposed delay-equalization all-pass filter is a potential solution to ionospheric dispersion compensation and mitigation of observation biases for wideband GNSS signals. 相似文献