共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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R. L. Desjardins 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1977,11(2):147-154
An eddy-correlation method is the basis of a newly-developed sensible heat-flux detector which collects air temperature information proportional to the vertical wind speed in two electronic counters, one for upflow and one for downflow. The current model uses fast-responding sensors for vertical velocity and air temperature, but the principle should be applicable to the measurement of other kinds of fluxes. Values of sensible heat transport above bare soil and above grass have been determined, from which a sampling duration of one hour has been found to be suitable. The system provides a relatively simple way to measure sensible heat fluxes and to determine the suitability of this flux technique for wider application. 相似文献
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A. A. Azbukin A. Ya. Bogushevich V. A. Korol’kov A. A. Tikhomirov V. D. Shelevoi 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(2):133-136
In this paper, a new field version of the automated ultrasonic meteorological complex AMK-03 is described. This complex is intended for measuring instant values of the main meteorological variables, such as air temperature, horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. These data are obtained and processed with 40 Hz sensors and then accumulated in a logger. In this complex, data acquisition via eight extra sensors (including soil and/or water temperature sensors) is foreseen. The data are recorded onto changeable flash cards (whose capacity is at least 256 Mb). To the logger data decoding and processing, special software is developed. The complex is supplied with batteries that provide its autonomic operation for at least 96 hours. Together with its transportation case, its weight does not exceed 19 kg. The AMK-03 complex has been registered in the State Register of the Measuring Instruments of Russia. 相似文献
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设计了一种适合自动气象站常规传感器现场检测的系统,主要介绍了传感器信号采集电路和基于测试数据分析的传感器故障判断方法。在温度、湿度和气压传感器的测试中引入经实验室检定的传感器作为标准器,与待测传感器在同环境下同步测试,经统计学分析实现待测传感器的4种工作状态自动分类;分析风向传感器输出格雷码的码位关系,设计9个不同于计量检定规程的特定测试方位,实现对全部输出码位的检测;在风速和雨量传感器的现场检测中模拟实验室检定流程,达到准实验室检定效果。该成果已应用于广东省气象装备一线保障中,性能稳定,满足保障业务需求。 相似文献
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国产GPS探空系统探测能力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验室测试和外场比对试验表明,我国研制的GPS探空系统采用卫星导航测风体制进行测风,GPS高度反算气压取代气压传感器,较之雷达探空体制要更为准确和精确。其在电气性能和稳定性、可靠性方面满足CIMO的探空要求。实验室测试表明,在采用新型温、湿、压传感器和测试条件情况下,准确性误差分别在±0.1℃、±2%、±1hPa之内,满足WMO对常规高空探测要求。与RS92型探空系统相比,国产GPS探空仪的动态测量性能除相对湿度准确性方面由于技术和工艺水平仍有一定差距外,其余要素已接近RS92的水平,尤其与GPS定位相关的气压、位势高度、风向和风速,其一致性标准差已与RS92相当,达到了较高的水平。与我国现有高空探测业务使用的L波段探空系统相比,测量准确性方面已优于L波段探空系统。 相似文献
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自动气象站是由各要素的传感器和数据采集器组成的。随着时间的推移, 各传感器和数据采集器的测量误差将会发生漂移。为确保各要素观测数据的准确、可靠并具有可比性, 定期开展自动气象站的检定和校准是非常重要的。通过检定将各要素系统误差控制在允许范围内, 并对检定结果进行不确定度分析, 是考察检定结果可信程度的重要步骤。本文依据自动气象站检定规程及JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》的要求, 并根据检定数据, 进行自动气象站的各要素检定结果的不确定度分析, 对自动气象站检定结果可信度评估具有指导意义。 相似文献
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Modeling microclimate environments: A verification study 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A numerical model is developed for simulating microclimate of plants and bare soil. The model evaluates heat, mass, momentum, and radiative fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Its vertical domain may extend throughout the whole Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). The model requires, either, temporal meteorological data of solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature and humidity measured over the field, or, when applied to the whole PBL, initial values of the latter three at its top. Vegetation parameters (leaf area index, photometric properties, root distribution and density) as well as soil texture, hydraulic and photometric properties are considered. The model was verified with meteorological data taken from two different climatological regions, above a bare soil and two cotton fields.For all case studies, observed and calculated values of air (except for within-canopy) and soil temperatures, wind speed, net radiation, and soil-, latent-, and sensible heat fluxes, agreed well with measurements. 相似文献
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丝栗栲树干液流变化规律与环境因子影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用热脉冲树干液流测定仪对丝栗栲树干液流速度进行了定位观测,并用梯度自动气象站对气象和土壤等环境因子开展了同步观测,利用观测资料对丝栗栲树干液流速度的变化规律及环境因子的影响进行了分析。结果表明,丝栗栲树干液流速度的昼夜动态表现为双峰曲线。从木质部开始,随深度增加,丝栗栲液流速度也随之增大,在距形成层10 mm处的液流速度最大,随着深度再增加,液流速度又减小。回归分析还发现,丝栗栲树干液流速度相关性强的环境因子是风速、10 cm土壤温度、20 m空气温度、30 m空气温度、20 m空气相对湿度和100 cm土壤水势。其中,风速、20 m空气温度、100 cm土壤水势与液流速度呈正相关,10 cm土壤温度、30 m空气温度和20 m空气相对湿度与液流速度呈负相关。对于江西大岗山林区,由于水分充足,水分条件不是限制丝栗栲生长的主要因子,主要是受温度影响。 相似文献
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T. Gustavsson 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1990,41(4):227-236
Summary The present study involves a discussion of nocturnal temperature variation due to topography and prevailing wind speed. It is part of the ongoing project Applied climatology for increased traffic safety and road maintenance, which aims at a development of a local climatological model applicable to winter road conditions. The temperature recordings which are used are from sensors in the Swedish Road Weather Information System in the county of Skaraborg.During clear and calm nights, local air temperature differences have been related to different topographical environments. The main factors resulting in large temperature differences are the effect of wind shelter, stagnation or production of cold air, and of cold air advection.Variation in air temperatures during clear and windy nights has also been studied. At wind speeds higher than 4–5 m/s, the temperature variation is low. With decreasing wind speed the variation in temperature increases, but only for sensor sites which have some wind shelter by topography or vegetation.The air temperature variation which develops during clear nights affects the road surface temperature. In this paper, the connection between road surface temperature differences and air temperature variation is discussed. A linear relationship between the two variables exists.With 5 Figures 相似文献
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根据现代农业气象业务需求,提出了可视化、实时性、远程控制的自动农业气象观测系统技术思路、设计原则,并设计了系统的硬件和软件架构及自动化观测的实现方法。该系统具有作物生长、农田气象要素观测及环境监控功能,可实现作物发育期、株高、盖度等的自动观测,还可实现农田主要农业气象灾害实时监测。该文利用三维空间模拟技术初步确定了CCD (charge-coupled device) 传感器的技术指标;提出利用图像判别技术,结合作物生长特征及农业气象指标,实现作物发育期自动判别;利用摄影测量学技术,采用动态跟踪法实现作物株高自动化观测;提出了作物盖度的计算方法和通过研究作物盖度与密度、叶面积指数的关系,解决作物种植密度和叶面积指数自动观测的技术思路。该系统模仿人工观测原理,将图像处理和摄影测量学等技术引入农业气象自动观测中,基本上可以满足农业气象观测的主要任务的实时性、可视化和自动化需求。 相似文献
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低海拔地区冬季由于凝冻常常会使风向风速传感器冻结,造成风要素资料失真或监测数据缺测,影响数据可用性,造成气象数据历史延续空白,导致无法弥补的历史数据损失。该文利用三穗县国家基准气候站2008—2020年冬季逐日、逐时、逐分钟风向风速、气温、相对湿度以及降水等地面气象监测资料,详细分析冬季冰冻期间风向风速缺测时段的气温、相对湿度、降水等相关信息,找出风向风速冻结与气温、相对湿度、风速大小的对应关系,从而判定风向、风速易冻结的气象要素阈值,采用USB碳纤维发热片,科学搭建低压加热方式,确保风向、风速传感器设备加热时不被灼伤受损,ZQZ-TF风向、风速监测资料连续可靠。 相似文献
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针对目前各地自动气象站两种地表温度的测量方式,即：四支传感器组合模式和单支传感器测量模式共存的现状,从分析地温传感器的测量技术以及信号采集原理人手,探讨了一种可以将四支温度传感器化简成为单支温度传感器的方法。经过改进后的测量方式,符合中国气象局《地面气象观测规范》（2003）的要求,保证了各个自动气象站之间地温测量方式的一致性和可比性。同时,该方式能够有效地降低地温传感器的隐性故障概率,减少自动气象站的维护成本。 相似文献
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6月长江中下游降水和春季东亚季风区土壤湿度的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用美国气候预测中心(CPC)土壤湿度资料、中国台站观测降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析的风场和气温资料,在去除了降水资料中的ENSO信号的影响后,分析了6月长江中下游降水和春季东亚季风区土壤湿度的关系。结果表明,长江中下游6月降水和前期春季土壤湿度存在很显著的正相关关系。进一步分析表明,当中晚春(4—5月)长江中下游地区的土壤湿度偏高(低)时,晚春(5月)长江中下游上空低层气温偏低(高),从而导致东亚季风区的海陆温差减小(增加)。海陆温差的减弱(增强)使得6月东亚夏季风较常年偏弱(强),伴随的风场异常主要体现在长江以南地区为南风(北风)异常所控制,而长江以北则为北风(南风)异常,从而使得长江中下游存在着异常辐合(散),最终导致长江中下游降水量较常年偏多(少)。 相似文献
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The Relationship Between June Precipitation over Mid-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and Spring Soil Moisture over the East Asian Monsoon Region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the US Climate Prediction Center(CPC)soil moisture dataset and the observed precipitation over China together with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind and air temperature,the relationship between June precipitation over mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin(MLR-YRB)and spring soil moisture over the East Asian monsoon region was explored,with the signal of the ENSO effect on precipitation removed.A significant positive correlation was found between the mean June precipitation and the preceding soilmoisture over the MRL-YRB.The possible response mechanism for this relationship was also investigated.It is found that when the soil over the MRL-YRB is wetter(drier) than normal in April and May,theair temperature in the lower troposphere over this region in May is lower(higher) than normal,and this temperature effect leads to a decrease(increase) in the temperature contrast between the land and the sea.Generally,a decrease(increase) in the land-sea temperature contrast leads to weaker(stronger) East Asian summer monsoon in June.Southerly(northerly)wind anomalies at 850 hPa then show up in the south of the Yangtze River basin while northerly(southerly)wind anomalies dominate in the north.These anomalies lead to the convergence(divergence) of wind and water vapor and hence gives rise to more(less) precipitation in June over the MLR-YRB. 相似文献
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超声波传感器雪深测量与人工观测对比试验分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对2010年2、3月佳木斯国家基准气候观测站人工观测与超声波雪深传感器测量获取数据对比、分析不同天气条件下（高风速、低风速、低温度）两种方法获得的数据差值的变化情况。结果表明：观测结果差异的大小主要受温度和风速两个因素的影响。低温环境下温度会影响超声波的行程时间使得超声波传感器的测量精度受到影响,通过温度补偿的方法对雪深进行订正可以提高超声波传感器的测量精度,两者的差值较小,且观测资料有较好的可比性;高风速时,风速会影响超声波脉冲,使其偏离传感器的下方,同时超声波的速度也会受到影响,从而影响测量结果,使得两者的差值较大。 相似文献
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为了解决目前的计量检定标准设备和方法不适于地面气象观测站仪器,检测的自动化水平及工作效率低等矛盾,研究设计了地面气象观测站自动检测系统,特点是将地面气象观测站的温度、湿度、大气压力、风速风向和降水等传感器和地面气象观测站的数据采集器分开进行性能的自动检测.传感器自动检测系统采用多通道设计,可同时进行多个传感器的自动检测并自动输出检测结果.数据采集器自动检测系统可以对气象台站使用的各种不同的地面气象观测站数据采集器系统进行性能测试.文章所设计的地面气象观测站自动检测系统提高了地面自动观测仪器的检测效率,确保了各台站的地面气象自动观测仪器观测数据的准确可靠. 相似文献
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Holger Siebert Manfred Wendisch Thomas Conrath Ulrich Teichmann Jost Heintzenberg 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,106(3):461-482
A new scientific payload is introduced for fine-scale measurements of meteorological (wind vector, static air temperature, humidity, and air pressure) and microphysical (aerosol particles and cloud droplets) properties, suspended below a tethered balloon. The high resolution sensors and the tethered balloon are described. Measurements in a lifted fog layer from a first field campaign are presented.The detailed investigation of the fog/haze and the temperature inversion layer demonstrates the damping influence of the fog on temperature fluctuations, while thewind fluctuations are significantly decreased by theevolving temperature inversion, whichwas about 30 m above the fog layer.From spectral analysis the noise floors of the high-resolution sensors are determined to10-6 kg m-3 for the LWC (liquid water content) and 4 mK for the fast temperature sensor (UFT-B). The correlation betweentemperature and LWC structures in shallow haze layers is investigated. The release of latent heat and the corresponding warming in the haze of about 0.1 K could be quantified. 相似文献