首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 36 毫秒
1.
The statistical scheme using the results of the best foreign global schemes and the COSMO-RU7 regional scheme is proposed for forecasting surface temperature for five days and the amount of precipitation for three days. Presented are the estimates of prognostic values of the surface air temperature and amount of precipitation for the period of July 2010–June 2013. The joint statistical taking account of different types of systematic errors in the complex forecasting scheme enables excelling all initial schemes in quality. A scheme of the complex forecast is operationally used and its results are daily updated on the website of the Hydrometcenter of Russia at 09:15. The forecasts of extreme temperature, dew-point temperature, and wind speed near the surface are also presented on the website.  相似文献   

2.
3.
The statistical scheme is proposed for the forecast of surface air temperature and humidity using operative weather forecasts with 3–5-day lead time from the best forecasting hydrodynamic models as well as the archives of forecasts of these models and observational data from 2800 weather stations of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. The output of the scheme includes the forecasts of air temperature for the standard observation moments with the period of 6 hours and extreme temperatures with the lead times of 12–120 hours. The accuracy of temperature and humidity forecasts for the period from July 2014 till June 2017 is much higher than that for the forecasts of original hydrodynamic models. The skill scores for extreme temperature forecasts based on the proposed method are compared with the similar results of the Weather Element Computation (WEC) forecasting scheme and forecasts by weathermen.  相似文献   

4.
5.
利用山东省内123个国家气象站2017年11月至2018年2月逐时观测地面温度对WRF模式08:00和20:00起报的2 m温度进行检验,评估了预报时效为72 h的逐时温度与日最低(高)温度的预报效果并初步分析了个别站点大值误差成因。结果表明:WRF模式08:00起报2 m温度的准确率要高于20:00起报,白天预报的效果优于夜晚;鲁西北和半岛地区的2 m预报温度的平均绝对误差总体低于鲁中和鲁南地区,全省大部分站点负误差比例高于正误差比例;WRF模式对于日最高温度的预报效果优于日最低温度;模式地形高度误差造成泰山站2 m预报温度正误差较大,基于两种温度梯度方案对泰山站2 m温度进行订正,订正后的平均绝对误差总体下降,利用单一的温度梯度在有的预报时刻出现负的订正效果,利用随预报时刻变化而变化的温度梯度在各预报时刻订正效果更为稳定;泰安站出现焚风时2 m预报温度有较大负误差,这主要是受WRF模式泰山站地形高度误差影响;WRF模式在微山湖区域土地类型与真实土地类型存在差异是薛城站夜间2 m温度负误差较大的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

6.
The improved forecasting technique is presented of weather element computation developed at the Hydrometcenter of Russia for the medium-range forecasting on the basis of statistical interpretation of the results of integration of hydrodynamic atmospheric models. The methodology of numerical forecasting algorithms is described. The methods of forecasting the air temperature for ten-day periods and the extreme air temperature detailed for every day for the territory of Russia are realized on the basis of the weather element computation technique. According to the resolution of the Central Methodical Committee for Hydrometeorological and Heliogeophysical Forecasts, these methods are introduced into the operational practice as the basic ones. The examples of forecasts and the data on their accuracy are given. The approach is developed to the solution of the problem of the dangerous phenomena forecast (of anomalously cold and anomalously hot weather) with the earliness of 48–96 h within the frameworks of this technique.  相似文献   

7.
给出了一个嵌套于欧洲中期天气预报中心全球谱模式中的套网格模式,用于预报热带气旋路径趋势,提出了一种以欧洲中期天气预报中心提供的时距为24小时的预报场为基础的“接力预报”方法;设计了五种不同的“接力预报”方案;并对8507号和8509号两个热带气旋就各种不同预报方案进行了数值预报试验。结果表明,本模式对热带气旋路径趋势具有较强的预报能力,对疑难路径也具有一定的预报能力,为开展热带气旋的路径趋势预报提供了一个新的途径。文中还对影响热带气旋路径趋势的一些主要因子结合各预报结果进行了分析,为模式尽早投入业务提供了一定的依据。  相似文献   

8.
基于沙漠绿洲戈壁区域同化预报系统(Desert Oasis Gobi Regional Assimilation Forecast System,简称DOGRAFSv1.0)不同边界层方案(YSU,ACM2)对2013年1月和7月的预报结果和实况资料,利用客观检验方法,初步探究不同边界层方案对地面气象要素预报的影响,结果表明:ACM2方案对地面气象要素预报效果总体优于YSU方案,尤其对1月份ACM2方案预报结果优势显著;对于2 m温度,ACM2方案对低温预报偏高的问题有一定改善,但对高温预报偏低的问题有所加重;对于10 m风速,ACM2方案的预报误差明显低于YSU方案;对于降水,ACM2方案在一定程度上改善了1月漏报和空报的问题,但对7月改进不明显,这主要由于ACM2方案在稳定或中性层结下采用的局地闭合算法削弱了边界层顶卷挟和边界层内混合作用,进而抑制了边界层物理过程与对流过程的耦合作用。  相似文献   

9.
Considered is the operational method of the automatic forecasting of severe squalls (in the gradations of 20–24 m/s and ≥25 m/s) implemented in the Hydrometcenter of Russia as well as the ways to improve it in order to reduce “false alarms.” The problem is solved by means of increasing the accuracy of forecasting surface humidity and taking additional account of the predictor of numerical identification of synoptic conditions favoring the formation of severe squalls. Presented are the examples of forecasts.  相似文献   

10.
短期集合预报技术在梅雨降水预报中的试验研究   总被引:38,自引:6,他引:32       下载免费PDF全文
数值预报的误差来源于初始场和模式的误差,集合预报技术是减小这些误差的有效方法。该文以MM5模式作为试验模式框架,模式的积云参数化方案分别取Anthes-Kuo、Grell、Kain-Fritsch和Betts-Miller方案,边界层参数化方案分别取MRF和Eta方案,通过组合4种积云参数化方案和两种边界层参数化方案产生8个集合成员,对1999年华东地区梅雨期间3个降水个例进行48 h集合预报试验。结果显示不同集合成员的预报结果各不相同,积云参数化方案对降水的影响比边界层参数化方案对降水的影响大;不同集合成员预报降水的偏差也各不相同,大多存在湿偏差,量级小的降水的湿偏差程度比量级大的降水的湿偏差程度小;对于不同个例,各成员中预报效果相对较好的成员是不同的,集合平均后可以得到一个比较稳定的预报结果;从集合预报结果中还能得到客观化和定量化的降水概率预报,它能对可能发生的天气现象发出信号。  相似文献   

11.
赵滨  张博 《大气科学学报》2018,41(5):657-667
利用模式三维预报变量,结合地面要素预报产品,采用2 m温度三维插值方法进行地形订正,以确保预报与观测三维空间上的一致性,在地形订正基础上,利用历史月均预报误差作为参考误差,剔除模式系统性误差,获取具备日变化特征的预报产品。基于陕西地区复杂地形条件下的典型观测站点,利用2016年8月28日48 h预报个例进行对比分析发现,三维插值方法有效改善了地形差异引起的评估误导问题,但无法改进模式预报的日变化趋势,进一步采用系统性误差订正后,日变化特征明显改善,特别是前24 h预报效果体现出与实况良好的一致性及更佳的预报技巧。通过2016年夏季统计评估表明,误差订正后的2 m温度预报产品有效改善了周期性误差振荡,均方根误差稳定在2 K左右,显示出明显的改进优势。  相似文献   

12.
Synoptic, aerological, satellite, and radar data are analyzed to detect space and time evolution of aviation-hazardous weather in Donbass on August 22, 2006. The forecasts of dangerous convective activity, of convective cloud top heights, and of convective cloud location within the frontal zone, produced with an operational forecasting technology at the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, suggest extremely hazardous conditions in Donbass; mesoscale analysis, based on classical rules, gives additional information. Special conditions favoring the convective activity were a wave disturbance at the polar front, convective instability at the time of its maximum development, and effects of upland and of proximity of the sea.  相似文献   

13.
数值模式预报是阵风预报的重要途径之一,对“中国气象局北京快速更新循环数值预报系统(简称CMA北京模式)”中AFWA、UPP、IUM三种阵风诊断方案在北京地区大风预报中的性能进行了分析评估。两次大风过程的分析以及各季节大风预报的批量试验检验结果显示:三种方案的阵风预报存在明显差异,IUM方案的阵风预报能力优势明显。IUM方案对冷空气大风和雷暴大风预警都有较好的指示意义。其对2020年3月18日冷空气大风过程中大风起始时间、大风区位置和演变以及过程极大风速均有较好的预报效果,对2020年8月2日雷暴大风过程中大风区范围预报偏大且位置存在偏差,但对大风预警的指示意义最强。IUM方案的阵风风速预报整体偏强,但对各个季节达到或超过5级阵风的等级预报较为准确。总体而言,IUM方案对北京地区大风预报性能较好,基于该方案制作的阵风预报产品可为大风预报提供有力支撑。   相似文献   

14.
基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋路径集合预报研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
构建了一个基于集合Kalman滤波数据同化的热带气旋集合预报系统,通过积云参数化方案和边界层参数化方案的9个不同组合,采用MM5模式进行了不同时间的短时预报。对预报结果使用“镜像法”得到18个初始成员,为同化提供初始背景集合。将人造台风作为观测场,同化后的结果作为集合预报的初值,通过不同参数组合的MM5模式进行集合预报。对2003~2004年16个台风个例的分析表明,初始成员产生方法能够对热带气旋的要素场、中心强度和位置进行合理扰动。同化结果使台风强度得到加强,结构更接近实际。基于同化的集合路径预报结果要优于未同化的集合预报。使用“镜像法”增加集合成员提高了预报准确度,路径预报误差在48小时和72小时分别低于200 km和250 km。  相似文献   

15.
何静  陈敏  仲跻芹  洪晓媛 《气象学报》2019,77(2):210-232
以业务应用为目标,开展雷达反射率三维拼图观测资料在北方区域数值预报系统中的同化应用研究。采用雷达反射率间接同化方法同化北方雷达反射率拼图观测资料,重点关注其对降水、湿度、温度及风的预报能力影响。首先,基于2017年8月雷达拼图观测资料批量同化和对比试验,对雷达拼图资料同化应用效果进行定量评估,结果表明雷达拼图资料同化虽然加大了地面风场预报误差,但在降水预报和湿度、温度预报等方面有明显的改善作用。其次,选择在业务中预报难度较大的强降水个例开展分析研究,分析表明:(1)同化雷达拼图观测资料有效提高了模式降水预报性能,临近降水发生的循环起报时次预报效果更好;(2)对于短时间多次强降水过程发生的预报,循环同化雷达拼图资料可及时弥补模式中由于前次降水导致的水汽、能量等消耗及热/动力条件削弱,持续支持降水系统发展。最后,通过考察雷达反射率的不同同化方案,发现同化反演水凝物或者估计水汽均能改善模式降水预报性能,但是同化估计水汽对降水预报性能的改善更为明显,联合使用两方案能同时对水凝物分布、热力场等进行调整,可提高模式降水预报性能。   相似文献   

16.
基于最小二乘支持向量机的副热带高压预测模型   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
采用EOF时空分解、小波频牢分解和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)交叉互补方法,建立夏季500 hPa位势高度场的预测模型,用以描绘和表述副热带高压形势场的形态和变化。首先用经验正交函数分解(EOF)方法将NCEP/NCAR再分析资料500 hPa位势高度场序列分解为彼此正交的特征向量及其对应时间系数,随后提取前15个主要特征向龟的时间系数(方差贡献96.2%),采用小波分解方法将其分解为相对简单的带通信号,再利用LS-SVM方法建立各分量信号的预测模型,最后通过小波时频分量重构和EOF时空重构,得到500hPa位势高度场的预测结果以及副热带高压形势场的预测。通过对预测模型的试验情况和分析对比,结果表明:基于上述思想提出的算法模型能较为准确地描述500 hPa位势高度场的形态分布并预测1~7 d的副热带高压活动,对10~15 d的副热带高压活动预测结果也有参考意义。  相似文献   

17.
WRF模式不同微物理方案水凝物的预报能力检验与集成试验   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
王佳  梅钦  陈钰文 《气象》2017,43(5):552-559
文章利用TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring)卫星TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager)探测反演的云水、雨水和冰水新版改进资料,定量化检验了WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式6种微物理方案(Lin,WSM6,Thompson,Morrison 2-mom,CAM5.1,NSSL 2-mom)对江苏近海及周边海域上空云中水凝物的预报能力。19次个例统计检验结果表明,6种微物理方案基本都能预报出水凝物的量级及大致范围,对于云水的预报,除NSSL2-mom方案误差较大外,其余5种方案误差均较小;CAM5.1方案对雨水含量较大时的预报效果较好,但对于雨水含量较小时的预报误差较大;Lin方案对于冰水的预报效果较好,更接近于实况。在此基础上,选用等权集成(EMN)和消除偏差集成(BREM)两种方法开展集成预报试验,结果发现,两种方法均可以减小预报的误差,且消除偏差集成的方法比等权集成的改进效果更好。  相似文献   

18.
Fog and low stratus forecasting experiments have been carried out with the numerical weather prediction model ALADIN on a case of long lasting fog. The model has been used with different radiation, cloud diagnosing and horizontal diffusion schemes, different representation of orography, increased vertical resolution and with or without prognostic condensates and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Some of the numerical set-ups are able to reproduce the fog (low stratus) field as seen in the satellite images as well as the measured 2m temperature and relative humidity diurnal cycles. The results show that cloud diagnosing schemes and overlap assumptions play a more important role than a more sophisticated radiation scheme, or introduction of prognostic cloud water, ice, rain, snow or TKE. More realistic orography representation and a more physical horizontal diffusion scheme significantly improve the modelled low stratus and 2m temperature in the areas with variable orography.  相似文献   

19.
基于WRF模式,采用4层嵌套方案,选取3种积云参数化方案和7种微物理方案组成21种组合,对清江流域2016—2018年6—10月6次典型降雨事件进行数值预报,结合CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源融合降水产品,采用TS评分和FSS评分,分析不同分辨率和云微物理方案的降雨预报效果;基于较优组合方案的WRF模式与WRF-Hydro水文模式耦合进行径流模拟,分析WRF模式在水文模拟中的应用效果。结果表明:3 km和1 km分辨率对降雨中心位置及强度预报的差别不大,对降雨落区都有较好的预报能力;在积云参数化方案中,KF方案和BMJ方案的降雨预报效果优于GF方案;在微物理方案中,WSM3、WSM5、WSM6、Thompson方案的预报结果与融合数据有较好的一致性;基于较优组合方案BMJ_WSM3,将WRF模式与WRF-Hydro模式耦合,耦合模式能较好地模拟洪水过程,径流模拟相关系数都在0.67以上,且NSE最高可达0.79。   相似文献   

20.
Modern weather prediction models use relatively high grid resolutions as well as sophisticated parametrization schemes for microphysical and other subgrid-scale atmospheric processes. Nonetheless, with these models it remains a difficult task to perform successful numerical fog forecasts since many factors controlling a particular fog event are not yet sufficiently simulated. Here we describe our efforts to create a mechanism that produces successful predictions of fog in the territory located on the north coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Our approach consists in the coupling of the one-dimensional PAFOG fog model with the three-dimensional WRF 3.0 (Weather Research and Forecast) modelling system. The proposed method allows us to construct an efficient operative road traffic warning system for the occurrence of fog in the investigated region. In total 84 historical situations were studied during the period 2008?C2009. Moreover, results of operative day-by-day fog forecasting during January and February 2010 are presented. For the investigated arid and hot climate region the land-sea breeze circulation seems to be the major factor affecting the diurnal variations of the meteorological conditions, frequently resulting in the formation of fog.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号