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Understanding the Combined Impacts of Aggregation and Spatial Non‐Stationarity: The Case of Migration‐Environment Associations in Rural South Africa 
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下载免费PDF全文 Socio‐demographic data are typically collected at various levels of aggregation, leading to the modifiable areal unit problem. Spatial non‐stationarity of statistical associations between variables further influences the demographic analyses. This study investigates the implications of these two phenomena within the context of migration‐environment associations. Global and local statistical models are fit across increasing levels of aggregation using household level survey data from rural South Africa. We raise the issue of operational scale sensitivity, which describes how the explanatory power of certain variables depends on the aggregation level. We find that as units of analysis (households) are aggregated, some variables become non‐significant in the global models, while others are less sensitive to aggregation. Local model results show that aggregation reduces spatial variation in migration‐related local associations but also affects variables differently. Spatial non‐stationarity appears to be the driving force behind this phenomenon as the results from the global model mask this relationship. Operational scale sensitivity appears related to the underlying spatial autocorrelation of the non‐aggregated variables but also to the way a variable is constructed. Understanding operational scale sensitivity can help to refine the process of selecting variables related to the scale of analysis and better understand the effects of spatial non‐stationarity on statistical relationships. 相似文献
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Spatial co‐location pattern mining aims to discover a collection of Boolean spatial features, which are frequently located in close geographic proximity to each other. Existing methods for identifying spatial co‐location patterns usually require users to specify two thresholds, i.e. the prevalence threshold for measuring the prevalence of candidate co‐location patterns and distance threshold to search the spatial co‐location patterns. However, these two thresholds are difficult to determine in practice, and improper thresholds may lead to the misidentification of useful patterns and the incorrect reporting of meaningless patterns. The multi‐scale approach proposed in this study overcomes this limitation. Initially, the prevalence of candidate co‐location patterns is measured statistically by using a significance test, and a non‐parametric model is developed to construct the null distribution of features with the consideration of spatial auto‐correlation. Next, the spatial co‐location patterns are explored at multi‐scales instead of single scale (or distance threshold) discovery. The validity of the co‐location patterns is evaluated based on the concept of lifetime. Experiments on both synthetic and ecological datasets show that spatial co‐location patterns are discovered correctly and completely by using the proposed method; on the other hand, the subjectivity in discovery of spatial co‐location patterns is reduced significantly. 相似文献
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设计并开展了基于虚拟亲历行为的空间场所认知对比实验,探索基于头盔式虚拟现实地理信息系统(virtual reality geographic information system,VRGIS)与基于屏幕空间的地学虚拟环境中虚拟亲历行为的空间场所认知差异特征。实验收集到虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)组与屏幕组两组参与者的数据,包括参与者手绘认知草图、虚拟场景中活动轨迹与视线轨迹数据,并从空间场所认知效果、遗忘分数、视线轨迹等3个方面进行了对比分析。结果表明,VR组的潜在优势体现在:①空间认知3个层次(空间特征感知、空间对象认知、空间格局认知)的认知效果比屏幕组均有了显著的提升;②在遗忘分数方面,与屏幕组并没有显著差别;③观察方向的水平变化量显著大于屏幕组。此外,实验还讨论了头盔式VRGIS影响空间场所认知效果的可能内在机制以及支撑虚拟地理实验平台的可能性。 相似文献
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多源空间数据汇交服务是以兼容性的空间数据存储模型为基础,采用自动化的网络传输方式完成异地空间数据源的交互,是空间数据共享理论的一种具体实现。汇交服务能够有效地提高政务系统内部空间数据传输共享的执行效率,缩短地方政府地理信息综合应用平台的建设周期。本文首先介绍了空间数据汇交服务系统的总体架构和运行模式,然后通过多项测试验证系统的执行效率和稳定性,并验证其实际应用价值。 相似文献
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Yujia Xie Meizhen Wang Xuejun Liu Ziran Wang Bo Mao Feiyue Wang Xiaozhi Wang 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):450-467
Current studies on video trajectory retrieval focus on the retrieval and analysis of image content, neglecting the gap between the spatiotemporal continuity of retrieval conditions and the spatiotemporal discontinuity of multi‐camera video trajectories. In this study, we propose a method for the spatiotemporal retrieval of dynamic video object trajectories in geographic scenes. Based on the camera calibration, the proposed method organizes the scene, cameras, and trajectories, constructs the spatiotemporal constraints, and queries the trajectories using two measures: camera‐by‐camera retrieval and global trajectory retrieval. The proposed method was verified through experiments, and the results demonstrate that both measures can query trajectories effectively and reduce the spatiotemporal video review range under different spatiotemporal constraints. Furthermore, compared with camera‐by‐camera retrieval, global trajectory retrieval can reduce the spatiotemporal video review range further and return more accurate results. The proposed method may provide support for the spatial analysis and understanding of surveillance video data. 相似文献
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A Spatial Anomaly Points and Regions Detection Method Using Multi‐Constrained Graphs and Local Density 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Spatial anomalies may be single points or small regions whose non‐spatial attribute values are significantly inconsistent with those of their spatial neighborhoods. In this article, a S patial A nomaly P oints and R egions D etection method using multi‐constrained graphs and local density ( SAPRD for short) is proposed. The SAPRD algorithm first models spatial proximity relationships between spatial entities by constructing a Delaunay triangulation, the edges of which provide certain statistical characteristics. By considering the difference in non‐spatial attributes of adjacent spatial entities, two levels of non‐spatial attribute distance constraints are imposed to improve the proximity graph. This produces a series of sub‐graphs, and those with very few entities are identified as candidate spatial anomalies. Moreover, the spatial anomaly degree of each entity is calculated based on the local density. A spatial interpolation surface of the spatial anomaly degree is generated using the inverse distance weight, and this is utilized to reveal potential spatial anomalies and reflect their whole areal distribution. Experiments on both simulated and real‐life spatial databases demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the SAPRD algorithm. 相似文献
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Spatial signatures for geographic feature types: examining gazetteer ontologies using spatial statistics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Digital gazetteers play a key role in modern information systems and infrastructures. They facilitate (spatial) search, deliver contextual information to recommended systems, enrich textual information with geographical references, and provide stable identifiers to interlink actors, events, and objects by the places they interact with. Hence, it is unsurprising that gazetteers, such as GeoNames, are among the most densely interlinked hubs on the Web of Linked Data. A wide variety of digital gazetteers have been developed over the years to serve different communities and needs. These gazetteers differ in their overall coverage, underlying data sources, provided functionality, and geographic feature type ontologies. Consequently, place types that share a common name may differ substantially between gazetteers, whereas types labeled differently may, in fact, specify the same or similar places. This makes data integration and federated queries challenging, if not impossible. To further complicate the situation, most popular and widely adopted geo‐ontologies are lightweight and thus under‐specific to a degree where their alignment and matching become nothing more than educated guesses. The most promising approach to addressing this problem, and thereby enabling the meaningful integration of gazetteer data across feature types, seems to be a combination of top‐down knowledge representation with bottom‐up data‐driven techniques such as feature engineering and machine learning. In this work, we propose to derive indicative spatial signatures for geographic feature types by using spatial statistics. We discuss how to create such signatures by feature engineering and demonstrate how the signatures can be applied to better understand the differences and commonalities of three major gazetteers, namely DBpedia Places, GeoNames, and TGN. 相似文献
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针对视频数据虽然能高效、逼真、详细地展现地理信息,但是因不具备地理框架而不能直接与GIS结合,参与空间分析的问题,该文通过多次真实环境条件下的尝试性实验,探索出一种从视频中提取地理信息的方案:采用运动目标检测技术自动识别出视频帧中实体的轮廓;通过半自动的处理清除提取数据的干扰轮廓;借助数据变换技术为视频帧及其提取的数据赋予准确的地理框架。基于真实环境的实验结果表明:该方案不仅可以有效地提取视频中的地理信息参与空间分析,还能够实现其空间分析结果的多视角可视化。本研究针对视频与GIS结合问题做出初步探索,为视频GIS的深层次研究提供帮助。 相似文献
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监控视频中动态目标的精准定位与跟踪作为计算机视觉领域中重要的研究方向,近年来已成为监控领域的研究热点。传统视频动态目标检测仅依赖图像特征数据,忽略了与地理坐标系精准匹配,特别是对于多个摄像机覆盖的区域,拍摄的角度不同,投影后形成的图像空间分辨率也不同,因此,难以满足智能监控在复杂的地理场景中全方位时空信息感知。本文提出一种多摄像头协同的视频监控图像与地理空间数据互映射模型构建方法来获取动态目标的轮廓和地理位置等时空信息,首先建立监控图像信息与地理空间数据的互映射关系,将观测角度不同、尺度不同和空间分辨率的监控图像置于同一坐标系下,并在此基础上通过融合Canny算子与背景减法来检测目标的边缘信息;然后采用质心偏移算法还原目标在该场景的实际位置,从而实现多角度下连续跟踪,提升地理场景的时空理解力和分析力,提高动态目标的精准定位与跟踪能力。 相似文献
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可视化交互空间数据挖掘技术的探讨 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
随着地理信息获取技术飞速发展,使得当前存储在空间数据库中的空间数据的深度和广度得到了前所未有的发展,传统的空间统计方法和空间分析方法已经难以有效而迅速地处理和分析它们,如何有效而及时地分析和处理空间数据变得越来越迫切。空间数据挖掘作为上个世纪90年代逐步发展起来的新兴技术,逐渐在研究和实践中显示出它的优势。与此同时,地理可视化技术也逐步走向成熟,二者的结合催生出新型空间数据分析技术———可视化交互空间数据挖掘。本文就该技术的相关问题进行了一些研究探讨。 相似文献
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针对无人机视频巡查时无法获取视频要素与周围场景地理要素的空间关系等问题,本文提出了一种无人机实时视频与三维地理场景融合方法。该方法通过设置路线站点获取无人机实时巡查视频,利用高分辨率倾斜摄影模型构建三维地理场景,将视频在三维地理场景中投影,构建视频投影参数规范和无人机数据传输模型,实现无人机实时视频与三维地理场景融合展示;对无人机实景融合的应用流程进行设计,并通过具体案例进行试验验证。试验结果表明,无人机实景融合具有良好的表达效果,视频与三维地理场景融合度高且视频画面变形较小。该方法将无人机视频应用扩展至三维空间,为视频要素赋予了空间参考。 相似文献
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Abstract Much of the human dimensions of environmental change research emphasize the mapping and modeling of land use and land cover patterns over space and time, and the linkages between people, place, and environment as proximate and distal forces of landscape dynamics. Spatial digital technologies, framed within a GIScience (GISc) context, figure prominently in the characterization of land use and land cover through remote sensing technologies, and in the assessment of social and demographic factors and local and regional site and situation considerations achieved through global positioning systems, data visualizations, and spatial and statistical analyses. Here, we describe some fundamental approaches for linking data across thematic domains, essential for the study of human‐environment interactions. The goal is to generate compatible data sets that extend across social, biophysical, and geographical domains so that the causes and consequences of land use and land cover dynamics might be explored within a spatially‐explicit context. 相似文献
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Geographic representation in spatial analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Harvey J. Miller 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2000,2(1):55-60
Spatial analysis mostly developed in an era when data was scarce and computational power was expensive. Consequently, traditional
spatial analysis greatly simplifies its representations of geography. The rise of geographic information science (GISci) and
the changing nature of scientific questions at the end of the 20th century suggest a comprehensive re-examination of geographic
representation in spatial analysis. This paper reviews the potential for improved representations of geography in spatial
analysis. Existing tools in spatial analysis and new tools available from GISci have tremendous potential for bringing more
sophisticated representations of geography to the forefront of spatial analysis theory and application. 相似文献
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空间思维是地理科学认知学习与研究的基本思维模式。为满足新媒体融合背景下地理信息科学专业的素质人才培养需求,本文设计了包括地理空间模拟体验、空间信息地图绘读、隐喻信息语义认知和地理系统综合分析等针对空间思维能力训练的教学内容;明晰了地理空间思维在信息感知与整理、隐含信息挖掘、信息表达视觉化、行业服务支撑、空间治理决策等新媒体信息深度挖掘方向上的应用。本文研究有利于本科学生充分利用新媒体学习工具、系统化专业知识体系和提高自身地理空间思维素养,可以为地理信息科学本科专业教学提供有益的探索。 相似文献
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利用遥感数据更新GIS的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
GIS中地图数据库的变化检测和更新一直为人们所关注，它的重要性来源于空间信息系统的多时相分析、动态监测以及保证地学空间数据的现势性要求。在本文中首先讨论了彩色扫描地图数据接颜色信息进行自动分层，在此基础上用RLS（Run-lengthSmearing）变换对黑色要素层进行了进一步的识别与提取，然后运用图像理解和已提取出的GIS中数字地图的先验知识，提出了一种利用现势性较好的航空像片自动发现数字地图中居民地变化的方法，进而更新GIS。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献