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1.
Y. S. Chung Hak-Sung Kim Youngsin Chun 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(3):345-354
Dust air pollution has been routinely monitored in central Korea for the last two decades. In 2009, there were eight typical episodes of significant dust loadings in the air: four were caused by dust storms from deserts in Mongolia and Northern China, while the remaining were typical cases of anthropogenic air pollution masses arriving from the Yellow Sea and East China. These natural dust loadings occurred with cool northwesterly airflows in the forward side of an intense anticyclone coming from Mongolia and Siberia. The mean concentrations of the four natural dustfall cases for TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were 632, 480 and 100 μg m?3, respectively. In contrast, the anthropogenic dust-pollution episodes occurred with the warm westerly and southwesterly airflows in the rear side of an anticyclone. This produced a favorable atmospheric and chemical condition for the build-up of anthropogenic dust air pollution in the Yellow Sea. The mean concentrations of the four anthropogenic dust loadings for TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were 224, 187 and 137 μg m?3, respectively. The contents of fine dust loadings of PM2.5 were comparatively high in the cases of anthropogenic air pollution. High atmospheric concentrations of fine particles in the atmosphere cause poor visibility and constitute a health hazard. Satellite observations clearly showed the movement of dust-pollution masses from Mongolia and Northern China and from the Yellow Sea and East China that caused these dust pollution episodes in Korea. 相似文献
2.
N. Galindo J.F. Nicols E. Yubero S. Caballero C. Pastor J. Crespo 《Atmospheric Research》2008,88(3-4):305-313
The present study was carried out between October 2003 and September 2004 at an urban background station near the Mediterranean coast in southeastern Spain. The sulfate and nitrate content was determined in 332 PM10 and PM2.5 daily samples. The results show that the seasonal variation of nitrate measured in PM10 does not correspond with what has been observed at other locations in the Iberian Peninsula, where the minima are reached during the summer months due to decomposition of ammonium nitrate at high temperatures. The recorded levels of PM10 nitrate were slightly higher in summer due to an increase in the concentrations of coarse mode nitrate. On the contrary, both the concentrations and the percentages of nitrate in PM2.5 were lowest from June to September. The sulfate levels in both PM10 and PM2.5 were maxima in summer because the oxidation rate of SO2 increases with solar radiation. An elevated correlation (0.72 < r < 0.92) between the monthly average concentrations and percentages of sulfate and solar radiation has been found. We have also investigated the influence that Saharan dust intrusions and high pollution episodes have upon the sulfate and nitrate concentrations. Both types of events increased NO3− and SO42− levels, particularly the high pollution episodes. 相似文献
3.
为了监测北京奥运主场馆附近大气颗粒物的污染状况以及评估奥运污染源减排措施对北京大气颗粒物质量浓度变化的影响,利用颗粒物在线监测仪器TEOM于2007年和2008年夏季,在奥运主场馆附近的中国科学院遥感应用研究所办公楼楼顶对大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5进行了连续同步观测。结果表明,2007年夏季监测点附近大气PM10与PM2.5质量浓度的平均值分别为153.9和71.2μg.m-3,而2008年夏季PM10与PM2.5质量浓度的平均值分别为85.2和52.8μg.m-3。与奥运前一年同时段相比,奥运时段大气PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度分别下降44.5%和25.1%。对比分析奥运前后的2次典型污染过程发现,空气相对湿度的增加和偏南气流输送的共同影响易造成大气颗粒物的累积增长,而降雨的湿清除作用和偏北气流则会使大气颗粒物浓度迅速降低。在相近的气象条件下,奥运前后的污染过程中,大气细粒子的日均增长速率分别为25.1和13.9μg.m-3.d-1,而大气粗粒子的日均增长速率分别为20.8和2.2μg.m-3.d-1,奥运时段污染累积过程中大气粗、细粒子的增长速率分别显著低于和略低于奥运前同时段污染过程中颗粒物的增长速率。污染源减排措施的实施是奥运期间大气颗粒物质量浓度降低的主要原因,从控制效果来看,奥运期间实施的污染源减排措施对大气粗粒子的控制效果明显好于大气细粒子。 相似文献
4.
Sandstorms in the desert and loess regions of north China and Mongolia, as well as the associated dustfall episodes on the Korean Peninsula, were monitored in 2005. The ground mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were analyzed during dustfall episodes at Cheongwon, in central south Korea, based on synoptic features at surface, 850 hPa and 500 hPa levels. A total of seven dustfall episodes lasting eleven days were observed and the mass concentration ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 during dustfall episodes were classified into a severe dustfall episode (SDE) and a moderate dustfall episode (MDE) depending upon two synoptic features. The main synoptic feature was for SDEs, which occurred frequently under a surface anticyclone and cyclone located in the west and east of the Korean Peninsula with large amplitude trough at 500 hPa over the northern Korean Peninsula. The sandstorms at the source headed directly to Korea via a strong N-NW wind without passing through any large cities or industrial areas of east China. The PM10 mass concentration sharply increased during the SDEs; however, the fine aerosol fraction of PM2.5 levels was relatively low with 13.6% of the mass concentration. In a synoptic feature for MDEs, a slow moving cyclone headed to Korea via the industrial areas of northeastern China under a small amplitude trough at a 500 hPa level. A weak anticyclone was also located over China. MDEs showed low mass concentrations of coarse PM10 particles and large fraction of fine PM2.5 particles at 46.3%. 相似文献
5.
2016年1月我国中东部一次大气污染物传输过程分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用常规气象数据和空气质量模式CAMx对2016年1月15—19日一次冷空气影响下郑州、武汉、南京的大气污染物传输过程进行了分析。观测发现,本次过程中武汉和南京在地面锋线到达后出现明显的PM2.5浓度的快速增长。通过分析发现,两地在1000~950 hPa高度层上偏北风的侵入带来上风向的大气污染物,同时在垂直方向上锋区内的稳定性层结抑制了大气污染物的扩散,两种作用共同导致污染物快速增长。在冷空气主体影响下,尤其是950~900 hPa高度层上弱风区消失后,污染物得到清除。大气污染物的传输作用主要发生在1000~950 hPa高度上。模式PM2.5来源示踪模拟结果表明,武汉(17日夜间至18日)和南京(17日夜间)在本次污染物快速增长过程中区域污染物输入的贡献在51%和58%左右。由于模式对PM2.5传输过程的低估,区域输送贡献率仍存在不确定性。但是,与1月15—19日平均相比, PM2.5的本地贡献明显减少,上风区域贡献明显增加。 相似文献
6.
PM2.5和O3已经成为汾渭平原城市最主要的污染物,两者之间相互影响,在暖季经常同时出现构成污染,其污染程度与气象条件密切相关。利用2015—2021年汾渭平原12个城市逐日PM2.5和O3浓度、地面气象观测数据以及ERA5高空再分析数据等资料,分析了汾渭平原PM2.5和O3的时空变化特征以及复合污染发生时PM2.5和O3的关系,并研究了局地气象条件和天气形势对复合污染的影响。结果显示,该地区年均PM2.5和日最大8小时O3浓度分别在2017年和2018年开始持续下降,复合污染日数也在2019年后开始持续下降;复合污染主要发生在3—9月,在汾渭平原东部城市出现次数较多,多出现在高温、低湿的环境下;最后利用T-PCA算法(正交主成分分析)将复合污染的天气环流形势分为4种类型,主要呈现出以高空西北气流或偏西气流、低层为暖区偏南风或微风为主的天气特征。研究结果对汾渭平原的大气... 相似文献
7.
利用2019年1—6月地面环境监测资料和PM2.5气象条件评估指数，结合滚动偏差订正方法，对汾渭平原CUACE空气质量预报产品进行了检验订正，并对气象条件和污染减排影响进行了评估。结果表明：CUACE模式对空气质量指数(AQI)、PM2.5和SO2浓度预报值较接近观测值，PM10、CO和NO2预报值小于观测值，O3预报值大于观测值；对首要污染物O3和PM2.5及重度和严重等级污染的预报的TS评分最高，漏报率和空报率最小，预报偏差最接近1；滚动偏差订正方法对改善CUACE空气质量预报效果较为明显，尤其是对PM10、O3和NO2改善最为明显；汾渭平原2019年上半年气象条件变化使PM2.5浓度较2018年同期和过去5年同期分别上升了18.26%和11.18%，减排措施使PM2.5浓度较2018年同期和过去5年... 相似文献
8.
The aim of this study was to identify local and exogenous sources affecting particulate matter (PM) levels in five major cities of Northern Europe namely: London, Paris, Hamburg, Copenhagen and Stockholm. Besides local emissions, PM profile at urban and suburban areas of the European Union (EU) is also influenced by regional PM sources due to atmospheric transport, thus geographical city distribution is of a great importance. At each city, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO and O3 air pollution data from two air pollution monitoring stations of the EU network were used. Different background characteristics of the selected two sampling sites at each city facilitated comparisons, providing a more exact analysis of PM sources. Four source apportionment methods: Pearson correlations among the levels of particulates and gaseous pollutants, characterisation of primal component analysis components, long-range transport analysis and extrapolation of PM size distribution ratios were applied. In general, fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particles were highly correlated, thus common sources are suggested. Combustion-originated gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2) were strongly associated to PM10 and PM2.5, primarily at areas severely affected by traffic. On the contrary, at background stations neighbouring important natural sources of particles or situated in suburban areas with rural background, natural emissions of aerosols were indicated. Series of daily PM2.5/PM10 ratios showed that minimum fraction values were detected during warm periods, due to higher volumes of airborne biogenic PM coarse, mainly at stations with important natural sources of particles in their vicinity. Hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory model was used, in order to extract 4-day backward air mass trajectories that arrived in the five cities which are under study during days with recorded PM10 exceedances. At all five cities, a significantly large fraction of those trajectories were classified in short- and medium-range clusters, thus transportation of particulates along with slow moving air masses was identified. A finding that supports the assumption of long-range transport is that, at background stations, long-range transportation effects were stronger, in comparison to traffic stations, due to less local particle emissions. Short-range trajectories associated to PM transport in Stockholm, Copenhagen and Hamburg were mainly of a continental origin. All three cities were approached by slow moving air masses originated from Poland and the Czech Republic, whereas Copenhagen and Stockholm were also influenced by short-range trajectories from Germany and France and from Jutland Peninsula and Scandinavian Peninsula, respectively. London and Paris are located to the north-west part of Europe. Trajectories of short and medium length arrived to these two megacities mainly through France, Germany, UK and North Atlantic. 相似文献
9.
几种空气质量预报方法的预报效果对比分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目前应用于我国各个城市空气质量预报业务的预报方法主要有三种 :数值模式预报、统计预报和综合经验预报。这几种预报方法都有其各自的优势 ,同时也存在一些不足。应用以上方法对天津市市区进行空气质量业务预报 ,通过实测资料与预报结果进行对比分析 ,给出这几种方法在天津市区空气质量预报中的预报效果客观评价。 相似文献
10.
2008年北京奥运会期间污染控制效果数值模拟——以个例分析为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用2007和2008年北京地区空气质量监测资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析了北京地区空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm颗粒物(PM10)污染过程与天气形势及天气系统之间的关系。结果表明:西太平洋热带气旋路径对北京地区发生PM10污染具有预示作用,即当热带气旋北上并在朝鲜半岛或日本登陆的情况下,北京地区一般受持续均压场等弱中尺度天气系统控制,这种中尺度天气系统不利于污染物的扩散,因此北京地区经常发生区域性的PM10空气污染事件。在2007年9次台风北上登陆朝鲜半岛或日本的过程中,北京地区伴随发生了9次PM10污染过程,预示准确率达100%,2008年的预示准确率也达到了80%以上。为了说明北京奥运会期间污染控制措施对改善北京空气质量有实际效果,利用中国科学院大气物理研究所区域空气质量模式NAQPMS,采用无控制措施源和有控制措施源,对2008年北京残奥会期间一次西太平洋北上型热带气旋天气条件下的空气质量状况进行了数值模拟试验,揭示了此次过程北京地区未发生PM10空气污染的原因。 相似文献
11.
北京地区气溶胶PM2.5粒子浓度的相关因子及其估算模型 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
文中运用统计分析和气象统计预报的方法 ,使用北京白石桥小区的污染物观测资料和同期北京地区的气象观测资料 ,对影响大气污染的气象因子进行了综合分析 ,并分别建立了气溶胶PM 2 .5粒子浓度与气体污染物、气象要素场的两类统计相关拟合模型。发现气溶胶PM2 .5粒子浓度与气体污染物浓度存在不同程度的相关性 ,且与气象条件亦存在显著的相关关系 ,此类时空变化及其量化估算模型具有一定实际应用价值。通过确定气象要素场和气溶胶浓度的关系可进一步研究不同地区的污染物输送和污染源扩散影响的问题。 相似文献
12.
Karim Bouchlaghem Blaise Nsom Noureddine Latrache Houda Haj Kacem 《Atmospheric Research》2009,92(4):531-539
This paper presents samples of Saharan dust outbreak affecting the Mediterranean Tunisian coasts and its impact on PM10 (Particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 µm) surface concentrations measured at seven monitoring stations during summer 2006. During the events, the daily PM10 levels at all stations exceeded EU and Tunisian air quality standard limits which are equal to 50 µg/m3. The maximum values ranged from 200 µg/m3 to 300 µg/m3 depending on the monitoring station. The impact is even more dramatic on PM10 hourly concentrations leading to maximum hourly peaks ranging from 400 µg/m3 to 850 µg/m3 again depending on the monitoring station (industrial or residential, traffic and commercial). Comparison between backward air masses trajectories reaching Tunisian coasts and satellite imageries vis-à-vis the PM10 hourly concentrations measured at the monitoring stations during 2006 evidenced the influence of the Saharan dust outbreaks on surface concentrations. The origin of the air masses is found to be from South-West direction under the influence of air masses from the Algerian Saharan desert. 相似文献
13.
合肥市PM10 输送轨迹分类研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
应用聚类分析的方法,对2001—2005年合肥市逐日72 h后向轨迹按季节分类,结合PM10日均浓度观测资料,分析了不同输送轨迹与该地区PM10浓度之间的关系。结果表明:不同方向后向轨迹所对应的PM10平均浓度有明显不同;最高PM10平均浓度对应的后向轨迹在春、秋和冬季都是来自西北方向,它们与季节平均的相对距平分别为44%,20%和31%;夏季为东北方向,与季节平均的相对距平为20%;其次为本地轨迹,各季的相对距平分别为5%,16%,18%和17%。根据分析得出合肥地区6组易于出现高浓度PM10的后向轨迹及对应的天气形势,并简要分析了其特征。气溶胶的远程输送主要发生在自由大气层,区域输送主要发生在边界层内。合肥地区大气污染事件超过50%与远程输送有关。移动快的气团不一定对应低浓度的PM10。 相似文献
14.
利用2006年8月-2007年10月辽宁中部沈阳、鞍山、抚顺和本溪4城市可吸入颗粒物PM10、PM2.5、PM1及同步气象因子的监测资料,分析了可吸入颗粒物分布特征、污染水平及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明：受区域天气系统的影响,4城市PM10和PM2.5的日平均浓度变化趋势基本一致,具有区域分布特征;PM10超标率冬季为最高;PM2.5日平均浓度占PM10比例夏季和冬季最大;PM10、PM2.5和PM1之间有很好的相关性;PM10与风速、温度呈负相关,PM2.5和PM1与能见度、风速、温度呈负相关,与相对湿度成正相关。 相似文献
15.
利用PM10日平均值统计资料、NCEP 2.5°×2.5°分析资料以及温江站探空资料,针对2012年发生在成都的13次PM10典型污染过程进行了环流背景、动力条件、稳定度条件以及水汽条件的分析.结果表明：（1）PM10典型污染过程多发生在南支波动较弱的环流型下,我省受偏西气流或西北气流控制.（2）大气中低层垂直运动较弱,低层为弱辐合,辐合层次较低,不利于污染物的水平和垂直扩散.（3）对流层中下层中常有逆温层或等温层存在,大气热力状态较稳定.（4）大气多为上干下湿的状态,湿层较浅薄. 相似文献
16.
为了研究烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响,利用动态滤膜校准系统-微量震荡天平法颗粒物分析仪、大气细颗粒化学组分在线离子色谱监测仪、有机碳（OC）/元素碳（EC）在线分析仪、气态污染物分析仪、常规自动气象站并结合云高仪和微波辐射计等设备于2015年2月18日至3月7日对天津市细颗粒物（PM2.5）及其主要化学组分,气态污染物（SO2、NO2、CO和O3）和气象参数进行连续观测。本文选取3个污染事件作为研究重点进行分析,研究发现:烟花爆竹禁放和限放政策导致除夕夜烟花爆竹燃放量减少,PM2.5峰值与2014年相比明显下降;烟花爆竹禁放和限放区的设立导致天津市PM2.5质量浓度在烟花爆竹密集燃放期间存在明显的空间差异;站点之间小时平均值差异最高达到394 μg/m3。受烟花爆竹燃放的影响,距地面80 m以下颗粒物后向散射强度相近,表明80 m以下颗粒物呈均匀分布。污染事件1是由于烟花爆竹密集燃放引起的,PM2.5主要化学组分为K+、SO42-和Cl-,同时SO2和CO质量浓度显著升高;但EC和OC质量浓度并未明显增加。污染事件2的形成是由于不利的气象条件（逆温、逆湿、下沉气流和较高的相对湿度）促进了SO2和NOx在烟花爆竹排放的颗粒物表面发生非均相化学反应,导致SO42-和NO3-浓度快速增加。污染事件3由元宵节烟花爆竹燃放引发,而后呈现二次无机组分与臭氧协同增长的复合型污染特征;此外区域传输对污染事件3也有重要贡献。 相似文献
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连续雾霾天气污染物浓度变化及天气形势特征分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用MICAPS资料、地面观测资料、NCEP资料和衡水市环境监测站细颗粒物(PM2.5)及PM10浓度资料,对2013年1月衡水市出现的连续雾霾天气从PM10及细颗粒物浓度演变、雾霾天气污染物浓度与地面要素关系、中低层环流形势特征进行了分析,结果表明:1)雾霾天气期间06:00(北京时间,下同)至07:00和16:00至21:00为PM10和细颗粒物浓度较低时段,PM10最大值出现在15:00,细颗粒物最大值出现在02:00,两者并不同时达到极值。2)雾霾天气污染物浓度与地面湿度并不是简单的正相关或负相关关系,还和许多其它因素有关。3)衡水市污染源主要来源于工业污染源、扬尘污染、冬季燃煤采暖、局部污染源及区域性污染。4)雾霾天气相对湿度和能见度基本呈负相关,气压变化不大,风向频率最多为北到东北风,平均风速一般都在2 m/s以下。雾日时大部分时段为雾和霾的混合物。5)重污染日期间500 hPa为平直偏西气流或西北偏西气流,没有明显的槽脊活动。而污染较轻的时段500 hPa为明显的西北气流控制或有槽脊活动。6)雾霾天气期间大部分日数08:00在850hPa以下都存在逆温层;地面气压场偏弱,尤其河北平原一带基本为均压场。最后对雾霾天气影响及对策进行了简单探讨。 相似文献
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利用北京市环境保护监测中心和美国大使馆的细颗粒物（PM2.5）逐时监测数据,中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m气象梯度塔资料以及实况天气图和探空资料,对2015年11月27日至12月1日北京的PM2.5重污染过程的边界层特征进行了分析。研究发现:这次重污染过程持续时间长、强度大,其中PM2.5浓度超过75 μg/m3的时次共计126 h,超过150 μg/m3共计116 h,小时最高PM2.5浓度为522 μg/m3。在高低空环流场配置的影响下,近地面静风和多层逆温结构抑制了污染物在水平和垂直方向上的输送,加上边界层内的深厚湿层,使得其中气溶胶不断吸湿增长,高PM2.5浓度得以维持。在重污染期间,湍流动能较低,不利于污染物的水平和垂直扩散。垂直方向的湍流动能一直占水平方向的15%~20%左右,水平湍流动能占主要贡献。摩擦速度与湍流动能呈现出相似的变化趋势,不同高度之间的摩擦速度差别不大。超出前后时次一个数量级的湍流强度尖峰的出现是湍流场发生调整的一个信号,是PM2.5浓度发生剧烈转变的前兆,预示着污染状况更加糟糕。重污染过程中感热通量的输送方向为从地面向大气输送,感热通量和潜热通量都大幅减少,并且表现出明显的日变化特征。对湍流功率谱计算和分析表明,在重污染过程期间,时间尺度为5 min至6 h的中尺度过程对从地面到大气方向的动量和热量通量输送做出了重要贡献。 相似文献
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通过国务院“大气十条”等严格的大气污染治理措施的实施,近年来我国空气质量得到全面改善。对大气污染治理效果开展科学分析研究,可为后续空气质量持续改善、污染科学精准治理提供有效科技支撑。由于气象条件是影响污染物浓度分布的重要因素,治理效果分析的一个重要问题是区分气象条件和减排措施对污染物浓度变化的具体贡献。本文利用京津冀地区13个城市2013～2018年86个监测站点逐日PM2.5浓度以及欧洲中期气象预报中心（ECMWF）气象再分析资料,采用KZ（Kolmogorov–Zurbenko）滤波分析PM2.5浓度观测序列的时频特性,将其分解为短期天气影响分量、中期季节变化分量以及长期趋势分量3个部分,针对分解浓度序列建立气象因子回归模型,实现定量评估气象和减排对治理效果的具体贡献。在研究时间段内,京津冀地区13个城市PM2.5浓度的长期分量显著下降（22.2%～58.0%）,其中邢台市下降幅度最大（58.0%）。整体分析表明,气象条件和排放源均有利于大气污染的改善,但减排措施是空气质量显著改善的决定性原因,具体贡献为气象条件的影响占18.5%,排放源的影响占81.5%。逐城分析表明,唐山市的气象条件最有利于PM2.5浓度的减小（29.2%）,而衡水市的减排措施最有利于PM2.5浓度的减小（92.0%）。 相似文献