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1.
Glass(1967)在深海岩心中发现的微玻陨石，根据其地层位置和地理产状，已经被用于将玻陨石和微玻陨石建立起一个成因上的联系，这一点已被其化学性质进一步证实．澳大利亚微玻陨石分布区与布容／松山地磁倒转范围明显有关，由于澳大利亚撞击事件只是瞬时过程，表示的是瞬间的地质记录，所以微玻陨石用于沉积物再生的标志。 相似文献
2.
离石丰义剖面2.50 MaB.P.前后地质事件研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对离石丰义剖面红土与黄土之间发育的厚约２ｍ的岩性混杂层从磁性地层、稳定同位素、天体撞击事件等方面进行了分析与探讨,初步认为Ｍ／Ｇａ界限位于岩性混杂层中部,从Ｎ２红土到岩性混杂层,气候由干热暖湿转变;由岩性混杂层到第四纪黄土,气候由暖湿向干冷转化 ;在岩性混杂层中发现有蛎量的强磁性微颗粒,可能为微玻璃陨石或铁质陨石,这可能意味着一次天体撞击事件的发生。 相似文献
3.
中更新世撞击事件年龄的高分辨率估算 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
ODP 1146B孔位于南海北部陆坡，从孔深115．58～116．09 mcd之间厚51cm层段中采取沉积物样品46个，进行了微玻陨石分析。应用古地磁、氧同位素和生物等地层年代资料，计算了位于孔深115．90 mcd处微玻陨石层的年龄，其中依据磁性地层学事件的年代控制点计算得出的撞击年龄为792．6ka，微玻陨石年龄早于B／M界线12．6ka，晚于氧同位素20．2期约7ka，早于19．1期约5ka，表明中更新世撞击事件与全球冰期和间冰期发生及B／M界线磁场倒转并无明显的因果关系。 相似文献
4.
南沙群岛南永2井的红色沉积层和黑色沉积层标志着两次异常事件,简称为“红色事件”和“黑色事件”。这两个特殊沉积层的主要特征是磁化率为正值、锰铝(黑色沉积)和铁铝(红色沉积)含量高。关于它们的成因主要有两种观点:一种是火山喷发或地震活动,另一种是气候突变。将红色沉积层和黑色沉积层与南海其它珊瑚礁钻井资料、南海及其周缘火山活动和深海沉积中的微玻陨石进行详细对比,并综合分析几种成因的可能性大小。“红色事件”和“黑色事件”在南海其它珊瑚礁钻井中的反映不明显或无反映,表明两事件的影响范围很有限。尽管南海周缘的一些火山活动期次、全球气候变化的一些代用指标和深海沉积中的微玻陨石层在时间上与“红”、“黑”两事件有较好的对比,成岩作用也能使某些沉积层位形成铁富集或锰富集,但综合考虑各个因素可以排除周缘火山喷发、气候突变、撞击事件及成岩作用等4种成因。火山或地震活动引起的铁或锰热泉上涌可以对“红”、“黑”两事件作出较好的解释,是可能性较大的成因。 相似文献
5.
我国滨海砂矿在第四系中的富集规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
刘洪树 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1989,9(2):41-49
滨海砂矿受海岸物质类型的控制具有呈带分布的特点.不同矿种的滨海砂矿,具有不同的成矿时代,在第四纪地层中有着不同的分布规律和富集特点,而且与地层的成因密切相关. 相似文献
6.
从太平洋底发现外星撞击地球的痕迹 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
通过对偶然发现于太平洋M14岩心中的微玻璃陨石的显微特征和物质成分的全面研究,首次发现了撞击坑反弹结构、亲铁元素铱、锇等异常、不定形碳、未饱和无环碳氢化合物、有机质及多种挥发分子,根据这些痕迹和证据肯定了发生于大约2.14～2.30MaBP的一次外星撞击地球事件,并推测撞击地球的外星可能为一彗星碎片;另根据岩心中微玻璃陨石层同该岩心中地磁事件和地磁倒转的联系,进一步论证了这次外星撞击地球事件的发生.最后,笔者提出了发生撞击事件的时代──2.14～2.30MaBP可作为深入研究和划分地质历史中第三纪-第四纪界线的重要参考时代,有待科学家通过更多的发现和长期研究加以验证. 相似文献
7.
太平洋撞击事件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
周瑶琪 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1987,(1)
环状的太平洋暗示着它与地球上别的狭窄的扩张分裂型大洋有不同的成因和演化历史.太平洋是由于一次巨大规模的撞击事件撞破岩石圈后、上部塑性地幔的玄武岩浆从坑底溢出而形成的.从洋底分布的玄武岩年龄上限和滨太平洋地区的构造热历史研究表明了这一灾难性事件发生在二叠纪与三叠纪之间.这一撞击事件形成了具明显微量元素异常的P—T界线粘土层,并与地史上最大的一次生物绝灭(约96%以上生物种灭亡),以及地磁场的重大倒转,古气温和大气成份的突然性变化,地球的剧烈性膨胀,海水的大规模损失,地球自转速度加快等一系列突然事件相重合. 相似文献
8.
新元古代陡山沱期古海洋生物群研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
典型的埃迪卡拉生物群出现前,新元古代陡山沱期的扬子地台发生了真核生物进化与辐射的事件。陡山沱组地层中发现的真核生物化石有两种类型,一种是以磷酸盐化或硅化保存的微体化石群;另一种是在黑色页岩内发现的宏体藻类化石群。对陡山沱期古海洋中的生物群从类型、分布、生物群组成和生物地层等方面进行探讨,系统地概况了中国南方陡山沱期生物事件的整体面貌。相对于埃迪卡拉生物群,陡山沱期的生物群更接近新元古代大冰期过后生物复苏时的最早形态,表明陡山沱期是真核生物演化的重要阶段。 相似文献
9.
10.
北黄海长山群岛外海底环状微洼地地貌特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
得益于多波束测深系统对海底精细地形特征的展现能力,2011年在长山群岛南侧进行的多波束水深调查中一种特殊的环状微洼地地貌引起了调查人员的注意,该地貌形态与以往报道的海底侵蚀坑槽和洼地有很大的不同,且成群密集分布。本文依据多波束调查数据对环状微洼地的具体形态和地貌特征进行了详细描述,将环状微洼地分为3种不同的类型,并利用地形地貌分析手段,结合收集的地质环境资料对该地貌的成因进行探讨,认为该地貌形态应与海底浅层气体或油气泄漏有关,且后期受到水动力的改造。 相似文献
11.
南海中沙近海表层沉积物的轻组分(粒径为63~125μm)中主要包括有褐色火山玻璃、无色火山玻璃以及火山渣等3种火山灰类型。在硅碱图(TAS)及Al2O3、FeO*、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O对SiO2的变化趋势图中可以判断,本区可能存在双峰式火山活动,褐色火山玻璃代表中-基性端元,而无色火山玻璃代表酸性端元。无色火山玻璃与褐色火山玻璃具有共同的岩浆源区,结晶分异可能是源区岩浆演化的主要方式。这种双峰式火山活动暗示火山活动源区处于大陆拉张减薄环境,支持西沙海槽是一个正在活化的伸展大地构造现象这一观点,同时肯定基于地球物理学和岩石学研究资料所提出的海南地幔柱的存在。 相似文献
12.
Whilst it has been well established that stormwater and associated contaminants negatively impact the quality of recipient waters, the ecological effects of individual stormwater pulses in marine environments are relatively unknown. In this study, the impacts of stormwater outfalls upon water quality and epifaunal invertebrates inhabiting the alga Sargassum linearifolium are assessed through an MBACI sampling program. Water quality and the abundance of mobile algal epifauna were recorded at three control sites and three impact sites every 10-12 weeks during dry weather and opportunistically within 24h of large rain events (>50 ml rainfall in 24h) and again 4d after the rain event. Sampling took place during two periods over two separate years and this included four large rainfall events. Following rainfall, salinity dropped rapidly at impact sites close to stormwater outfalls, whilst turbidity increased. Declines in salinity at control sites were slight and turbidity did not differ to 'before' periods. The abundance of epifaunal gastropods and polychaetes were reduced at impact sites 24h after rain events, but not control sites. The abundance of copepods, amphipods and ostracods, however, were reduced at both control and impact sites for up to 4d following rainfall. Reductions of these taxonomic groups could not be attributed to stormwater outfalls. Whilst short-term impacts of stormwater runoff were identified for some faunal groups, impacts were not identified for the majority. Instead, effects were harbour-wide (i.e. at control and impact sites), probably in response to the physical disturbance of heavy seas associated with large rain events. 相似文献
13.
Gary Hoffmann Eli Silver Simon Day Neal Driscoll Bruce Appelgate 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2009,30(4):229-236
Extinct volcanic islands in the Bismarck volcanic arc are fringed by well-developed coral reefs. Drowned platforms offshore
from these islands provide evidence for subsidence in the central section of the arc, north of the Finisterre Terrane–Australia
collision. Bathymetric and backscatter data collected onboard the R/V Kilo Moana in 2004 reveal regularly spaced (~200 m interval)
drowned platforms at depths as much as 1,100 m below sea level. However, the adjacent mainland coast has well documented raised
terraces indicating long-term uplift. Local subsidence may be due to cessation of magmatic activity and cooling, flexural
loading by the uplifting Finisterre Range, loading by nearby active volcanic islands, and/or sediment loading on the seafloor
north of the Finisterre Range. We present some simple models in order to test whether flexural loading can account for local
subsidence. We find that volcanic and sedimentary loading can explain the inferred relative subsidence. 相似文献
14.
利用电子探针、Ｘ射线能谱、红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射。初步研究了健康的斑节对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ甲壳和患病对虾甲壳白斑的形貌、无机组成以及所含的钙化矿物。实验结果表明，健康对虾甲壳的内外表面的钙磷原子比分别为１．２—１．４和１．５６—１．６８；在透射光偏光显微镜下，可见到不均匀分布的大小不等的毛发状、树枝状和十字消光放射球纤状雏晶，有些鲕粒中心可包含石英微粒；红外光谱表明，健康对虾甲壳所包含的沉淀矿物主要是胶磷石。患病对虾甲壳表面白斑区的钙磷原子比可达３１．８３—４３．５６，其剖面中间层鲕粒除合少量硫以外，全部都是钙，偏光显微镜和扫描电镜照片清楚地显示泥晶状、放射纤维状、放射花瓣状微晶集合体逐步交代并覆盖胶磷石，红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射谱都清楚地证实该矿物是方解石。 相似文献
15.
Intercalated volcanic ash layers in two deep-sea sediment cores from the Central Indian Basin (CIB) are examined for the
possibility of an in situ source of suboceanic volcanism. An in situ source has been predicated based on the bottom morphological
structures and activation of seamounts during the geological past. The tentative correlation between depositional ages of
the ash layer horizons and the period of global climatic cooling events reinforces the hypothesis that the suboceanic volcanic
episode might have been initiated during the onset of glaciation.
Received: 20 June 1995 / Revision received: 11 May 1998 相似文献
16.
海底沉积物中的碎屑矿物(粒级为0.063~0.125 mm)的特征及分布样式对于鉴别沉积物的源区具有重要的指示意义.对取自南海中沙群岛附近海域114个表层沉积物样品的轻矿物含量、分布特征和矿物组合进行了研究,在此基础上将本区划分为以下三个矿物组合区:生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)、火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)、混合矿物区(Ⅲ).生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)的矿物组合单一,为生物骨屑矿物.生物骨屑矿物主要来源于中沙环礁,极少量的陆源物质及火山物质可通过悬浮或风等途径搬运进入此区.火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)的轻矿物以褐色火山玻璃为主,火山渣、无色火山玻璃等火山碎屑矿物含量也较高.风化碎屑及陆源碎屑矿物(如石英等)的含量较低.火山渣在本区呈点源式扩散分布.本区矿物组合为褐色火山玻璃-火山渣.此区的物质来源相对复杂,主要来源于原地海山岩石剥蚀风化以及区内可能存在的正在喷发的小型火山物质的风化,周边岛弧火山对其贡献极小.混合矿物区(Ⅲ)的物源丰富,包括生物源、火山源及陆源,该区又可分为两个矿物亚区:东北部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-1),主要的矿物组合包括生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英、长石等,陆源物质来自于我国大陆,陆源物质基本上位于17°N以北;东南部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-2),矿物组合为生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英以及风化碎屑矿物,其中陆源物质可能来自南海南部及西南部大陆中的碎屑矿物,通过发源于大河口的海底峡谷搬运进深海盆. 相似文献
17.
Briais Anne Sloan Heather Parson Lindsay M. Murton Bramley J. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2000,21(1-2):87-119
We analyse TOBI side-scan sonar images collected during Charles Darwin cruise CD76 in the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 27°N and 30°N (Atlantis Transform Fault). Mosaics of the two side-scan sonar swaths provide a continuous image of the axial valley and the inner valley walls along more than six second-order segments of the MAR. Tectonic and volcanic analyses reveal a high-degree intra-segment and inter-segment variability. We distinguish three types of volcanic morphologies: hummocky volcanoes or volcanic ridges, smooth, flat-topped volcanoes, and lava flows. We observe that the variations in the tectonics from one segment to another are associated with variations in the distribution of the volcanic morphologies. Some segments have more smooth volcanoes near their ends and in the discontinuities than near their mid-point, and large, hummocky axial volcanic ridges. Their tectonic deformation is usually limited to the edges of the axial valley near the inner valley walls. Other segments have smooth volcanoes distributed along their length, small axial volcanic ridges, and their axial valley floor is affected by numerous faults and fissures. We propose a model of volcano-tectonic cycles in which smooth volcanoes and lava flows are built during phases of high magmatic flux. Hummocky volcanic ridges are constructed more progressively, by extraction of magma from pockets located preferentially beneath the centre of the segments, during phases of low magma input. These cycles might result from pulses in melt migration from the mantle. Melt arrival would lead to the rapid emplacement of smooth-textured volcanic terrains, and would leave magma pockets, mostly beneath the centre of the segments where most melt is produced. During the end of the volcanic cycle magma would be extracted from these reservoirs through dikes with a low magma pressure, building hummocky volcanic ridges at low effusion rates. In extreme cases, this volcanic phase would be followed by amagmatic extension until a new magma pulse arrives from the mantle. 相似文献
18.
Belinda Larsen Agust Gudmundsson Ivar Grunnaleite Gunnar Sælen Michael R. Talbot Simon J. Buckley 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010
The permeability of a reservoir is particularly dependent upon the proportion of its fractures that penetrate or are arrested at interfaces such as contacts and discontinuities. Here we report on fracture penetration and fracture arrest in Lower Cretaceous peritidal deposits exposed in the Pizzicoli Quarry, Gargano Promontory, southern Italy. We measured more than 2000 fractures, in the field and using LIDAR data, of which 564 fractures from the field and 518 from LIDAR studies are the focus of this paper. Fracture arrest/deflection and penetration depend much on the effects of peritidal cycle interfaces such as paleosol horizons, laminated carbonate mudstones, and stylonodular horizons. The laminated mudstones have the greatest effect; 63–99% of the fractures are deflected or arrested at such interfaces, whereas 63–90% are deflected/arrested at paleosols, and 20–35% at stylonodular horizons. In the mudstones, many fractures are arrested at thin, internal laminae, such that few penetrate the entire laminated layer, and fewer still the boundaries between the layers. Paleosol interfaces deflect/arrest more than 60% of all fractures. However, when small-offset fractures above and below paleosols are regarded as penetrating, they are evenly spaced (non-clustered), so that fracture-related fluid transport may occur across the entire paleosol. Stylonodular horizons deflect/arrest and split some fractures, but generally have little effect compared with the other types of interfaces. We present three main mechanisms for fracture deflection and/or arrest: (1) the fracture-induced tensile stress ahead of its tip, referred to as the Cook-Gordon debonding mechanism; (2) rotation of the principal stresses at and across the interface, resulting in the formation of stress barriers; and (3) large elastic mismatch (particularly as regards Young’s moduli) between layers across an interface. All these mechanisms are likely to have operated during fracture propagation and arrest in the carbonate rocks of the Pizzicoli Quarry. 相似文献
19.
沉积矿物学在陆缘海环境分析中的应用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
沉积矿物学是进行环境分析的重要手段之一，对矿物在表生环境下的物理、化学行为的研究是正确理解和获取一些重要的替代性环境指标的基础，它可为认识近代地质过程、地表气候过程和海洋环境过程提供定性和定量依据。20世纪90年代以来，海洋矿物学注重于以沉积矿物为指示，研究气候、物质来源、扩散路径和运移方向以及沉积环境等相关内容，并与地球化学相结合，解释区域性环境变化，乃至全球性环境演变等问题，取得了重要进展。对我国这一领域的研究现状作一综述，提出了5项环境示踪的沉积矿物学指标，即：用矿物组合、重矿物含量、磁铁矿、角闪石、长石等矿物示踪物源和物流；用矿物组合、高岭石、伊利石、方解石等指示古气候；用重矿物含量、石英特征等反映水动力条件；用海绿石、自生黄铁矿、铁锰氧化物等揭示氧化－还原环境；用火山玻璃、玄武闪石、蒙脱石等示踪火山和热液活动。但应用沉积矿物学示踪环境，必须运用多种指标进行综合分析。 相似文献