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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2018,(6)
峨眉大火成岩省内带的攀西地区发现了攀枝花、红格、白马、太和等超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床,是世界上最大的钒钛磁铁矿矿集区。与世界其他类似的钒钛磁铁矿矿床不同,攀西地区的这些矿床都呈层状赋存在大型层状镁铁-超镁铁岩体的下部和中部岩相带,而不是上部岩相带。最近十多年的系统研究表明,这些矿床形成的主要机制有:①幔源岩浆在深部岩浆房发生硅酸盐矿物的分离结晶形成了富钛铁岩浆;②富钛铁岩浆进入浅部含矿岩体后,钛铁氧化物成为近液相线矿物,较早结晶并经过流动分选,使得钛铁氧化物在下部和中部岩相带聚集成矿。 相似文献
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含矿岩体受南北向深断裂控制,为辉长岩和辉长岩-辉石岩-橄辉岩两种类型。岩体韵律结构发育,由下而上基性程度不断降低。由于岩浆脉动侵入,韵律结构具多旋回性。钒钛磁铁矿矿层赋存于岩体中下部或韵律旋回底部,自下而上依次发育嵌晶结构、镶嵌结构和海绵陨铁结构。岩体的 Fe_2O_3/FeO 比值很高。根据地质构造背景和氧逸度估算,岩体在熔融状态时处于氧分压较高的环境之中。熔融实验表明铁钛氧化物熔点高,结晶早。但是在相当大的温度范围,铁钛氧化物与造岩矿物同时结晶。矿床中单斜辉石与钛磁铁矿中的 Sc,单斜辉石与钛铁矿中的 MnO有良好的协变关系。攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿矿床不是岩浆晚期矿床,而是岩浆早期矿床。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(6):80-97
似斑状角闪辉长岩类是东天山镁铁-超镁铁杂岩的一部分,以含有嵌晶角闪石为特征,其中部分岩体的似斑状角闪辉长岩赋存铁钛氧化物矿床。为探讨东天山似斑状角闪辉长岩类和铁钛氧化物矿床形成的内在成因关系,本次研究对二红洼、牛毛泉和香山西似斑状角闪辉长岩类的斜长石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石以及嵌晶角闪石进行了系统的电子探针成分分析,并对其形成物理化学条件进行了探讨。结果表明,东天山似斑状角闪辉长岩类的母岩浆氧逸度变化范围为NNO-0.37~NNO+1.15,和攀西地区最大的红格岩体的氧逸度一致,侵入于中下地壳,深度介于8.9~15.7km,结晶温度大于914℃。东天山似斑状角闪辉长岩中铁钛氧化物矿床的富集得益于母岩浆的高氧逸度,但铁钛氧化物矿床的形成和规模则受控于各个岩体的岩浆演化程度。二红洼、牛毛泉和香山西的岩浆的演化程度系统增高,演化程度最低的二红洼岩体并未形成铁钛氧化物矿床,而分异演化程度逐渐增高的牛毛泉和香山西似斑状角闪辉长岩类则分别形成了本区一个小型的和一个大型的铁钛氧化物矿床。 相似文献
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寄主岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体对比分析与成矿过程评述 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体是世界上岩浆硫化物(Ni-Cu-PGE)和氧化物(Fe-Ti-V-P)矿床的主要载体.全球主要岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床均可以产于大火成岩省、克拉通区的裂谷带或伸展环境、褶皱带内的后碰撞伸展环境.寄主岩浆硫化物矿床的岩体规模相差甚大(从6×104km2到＜0.1km2),既有超镁铁质岩石组合也有镁铁质岩石组合,但其原生岩浆主要为拉斑玄武质岩浆.含镍铜的铂族元素矿床主要赋存于规模很大的层状岩体中,而镍铜硫化物矿床主要赋存于小岩体中.寄主钒钛磁铁矿或磁铁矿矿床的岩体主要是以辉长岩为主的层状杂岩体.寄主钛铁矿-磷灰石矿床的岩体均为层状的斜长岩-纹长二长岩-紫苏花岗岩岩体.尽管其岩石组合相差很大,但其原生岩浆均属拉斑玄武质.寄主硫化物矿床的岩体相对富Si、Mg、Cr、Ni,而寄主氧化物矿床的岩体相对富Fe-Ti-P-V,造岩矿物晶体化学也反映了这种差异.对全球主要含矿岩体的对比分析表明,导致这种反差的主要控制因素应该是岩浆生成时的压力状态,源区性质和熔融程度的差异可能只在局部范围内起作用.对岩浆硫化物矿床成矿过程的认识集中体现在金川模式和岩浆通道模式上,对岩浆氧化物矿床成矿过程的认识体现在氧化物和磷灰石是堆晶相还是从不混溶的矿浆中结晶的.对比分析表明,成矿过程具有多样性,试图用一种模式概括所有同类矿床成矿过程的想法未必可取.毫无疑问,适宜的氧化还原环境是形成岩浆矿床的必要务件,伴随岩浆演化及成矿过程的氧速度变化及其诱因问题尚待进一步探索. 相似文献
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四川攀西地区含钒钛磁铁矿层状侵入体的韵律层及形成机理 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
攀枝花—西昌地区是著名的钒钛磁铁矿矿床区。铁矿赋存在层状侵入体中。岩体主要有两种类型,一种类型以辉长岩为主;另一种类型由辉长岩及超镁铁岩组成,其上部为辉长岩,下部为超镁铁岩。韵律层是本区层状侵入体的主要特征之一,两种类型岩体都发育有不同类型的韵律层。铁矿赋存于韵律层的一定部位。本文分别对三个层状侵入体的韵律层进行了初步探讨,它们在一定程度上代表了攀西地区不同类型的岩体。 相似文献
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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000595 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Mei-Fu Zhou Wei Terry Chen Christina Yan Wang Stephen A.Prevec Patricia Pingping Liu Geoffrey H.Howarth 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(5):481-502
Magmatic oxide deposits in the～260 Ma Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP),SW China and northern Vietnam,are important sources of Fe,Ti and V.Some giant magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits, such as the Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima deposits,are well described in the literature and are hosted in layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Panxi region,the central ELIP.The same type of ELIP- related deposits also occur far to the south and include the Anyi deposit,about 130 km south of Panzhihua,and the Mianhuadi deposit in the Red River fault zone.The Anyi deposit is relatively small but is similarly hosted in a layered mafic intrusion.The Mianhuadi deposit has a zircon U-Pb age of～260 Ma and is thus contemporaneous with the ELIP.This deposit was variably metamorphosed during the Indosinian orogeny and Red River faulting.Compositionally,magnetite of the Mianhuadi deposit contains smaller amounts of Ti and V than that of the other deposits,possibly attributable to the later metamorphism.The distribution of the oxide ore deposits is not related to the domal structure of the ELIP.One major feature of all the oxide deposits in the ELIP is the spatial association of oxide-bearing gabbroic intrusions,syenitic plutons and high-Ti flood basalts.Thus,we propose that magmas from a mantle plume were emplaced into a shallow magma chamber where they were evolved into a field of liquid immiscibility to form two silicate liquids,one with an extremely Fe-Ti-rich gabbroic composition and the other syenitic.An immiscible Fe-Ti-(P) oxide melt may then separate from the mafic magmas to form oxide deposits.The parental magmas from which these deposits formed were likely Fe-Ti-rich picritic in composition and were derived from enriched asthenospheric mantle at a greater depth than the magmas that produced sulfide-bearing intrusions of the ELIP. 相似文献
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峨眉山大火成岩省中广泛分布着赋存Fe-Ti-V氧化物矿的层状辉长岩体和赋存Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿的镁铁超镁铁岩体,系统归纳并分析了这两类成矿岩浆在控矿因素、岩浆性质、岩浆过程等方面存在的差异.对比Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床和Fe-Ti-V氧化物矿床差异,认为岩浆分异程度、部分熔融程度、挥发分(S和P)以及是否存在地壳混染是造成这两类矿床成矿差异的原因.一系列的矿床实例分析表明高Ti或低Ti性质并不是玄武质岩浆成矿专属性的决定性因素,Fe-Ti-V氧化物矿床和Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床的形成与各自的控矿因素有关. 相似文献
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含矿岩浆通道对于岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床找矿工作的意义 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
“深部熔离-贯入式”岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床具有矿化比例极高、岩体岩相分带及矿体产状与原地分异、熔离机制不协调的特征.我国对这类矿床深部勘探策略和方法的研究相对滞后,尚未开展深部找矿工作.本文以金川矿床为重点,系统总结和归纳其地质特征和成矿有利部位,对比了与之成因类似的加拿大Voisey＇s Bay超大型岩浆Gu-Ni-Co硫化物矿床的成功勘探经验,阐述了这类矿床沿岩浆通道找矿的前景和巨大潜力.以金川矿床为实例,提出了这类矿床沿含矿岩浆通道开展深部找矿的策略和方法. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):925-946
A group of small, hypabyssal Pliocene intrusions are associated with Cu-Au ore deposits in the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) Mining District of Irian Jaya (western New Guinea), Indonesia. Several skarn orebodies (GB, GBT, Dom, and Big Gossan) are located around the margins of the Ertsberg Intrusion. All but the Big Gossan deposit are related genetically to the Ertsberg Intrusion, at least in terms of calc-silicate formation. The supergiant Grasberg porphyry copper deposit is hosted in and related to the first two stages of intrusions in the Grasberg Complex. The intrusions are intermediate in composition, and can be divided into a high-K suite of latite to trachydacite and minor trachyte, and a low-K suite of andesite and dacite. All intrusions are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and have Nb and Ti depletions. The low-K suite tends to have higher La/Th and Ba/Th ratios than the high-K suite. Chemical variation in the Ertsberg Intrusion is largely the result of in situ fractional crystallization. Chemical variation in the rest of the high-K suite and in the low-K suite is the product of combined fractionation, assimilation, and recharge prior to emplacement in the shallow crust. Magmas that formed both the low- and high-K intrusions were derived from the same lower crustal magma chamber, with the low-K intrusions representing smaller volumes of melt that were more affected by assimilation than were the high-K magmas. Differences in La/Th and Ba/Th ratios result from most low-K intrusions being emplaced prior to recharge of the lower crustal magma chamber with melt from a slightly different mantle source. 相似文献
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The lower valley of Changjiang, from Wuhan of the Hubei Province in the west to Zhenjiang of the Jiangsu Province in the east, contains more than 200 polymetallic (Cu–Fe–Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag) deposits and is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. This metallogenic belt, situated at the northern margin of the Yangzi craton and bordered by the Dabieshan ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt to the north, consists mainly of Cambrian–Triassic marine clastic sedimentary rocks and carbonate and evaporite rocks, which overlay a Precambrian basement and are intruded by Yanshanian (205 to 64 Ma) granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes. Repeated tectonism from Late Proterozoic to Triassic resulted in extensively developed networks of faults and folds involving the Cambrian–Triassic sedimentary strata and the Precambrian basement. The Yanshanian granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are characterized by whole-rock δ18O of +8‰ to +10‰, initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.704 to 0.708, and εNdt from −10 to −17 and have been interpreted to have originated from mixing between juvenile mantle and old crustal materials. Also, the Yanshanian granitoids exhibit eastward younging and increase in alkalinity (i.e., from older calc–alkaline in the west to younger subalkaline–alkaline in the east), which are related to oblique collision between the Yangzi and Sino-Korean cratons and tectonic evolution from early compressional to late extensional or rifting regimes. Most polymetallic deposits in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where the Yanshanian magmatism is particularly extensive: from west to east, Edong, Jiurui, Anqing–Guichi, Luzhong, Tongling, Ningwu and Ningzhen. Mineralization is characterized by the occurrence of three distinct types of orebodies in individual deposits: orebodies in Yanshanian granitoid intrusions, skarn orebodies at the contact zones between the Yanshanian intrusions and Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, and stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata. The most important host sedimentary strata are the Middle Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, Lower Permian and Lower–Middle Triassic carbonate and evaporite rocks. The intrusion-hosted and skarn orebodies exhibit well-developed zonation in alteration assemblages, metal contents, and isotopic compositions within individual deposits, and apparently formed from hydrothermal activities related to the Yanshanian magmatism. The stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata have long been suggested to have formed from sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary exhalative processes in shallow marine environments. However, extensive research over the last 40 years failed to produce unequivocal evidence for syngenetic mineralization. On the basis of geological relationships and isotope geochemical characteristics, we propose a carbonate-hosted replacement deposit model for the genesis of these stratabound massive sulfide orebodies and associated skarn orebodies. This model suggests that epigenetic mineralization resulted from interactions between magmatic fluids evolved from the Yanshanian intrusions with carbonate and evaporite wall rocks. Mineralization was an integral but distal part of the larger hydrothermal systems that formed the proximal skarn orebodies at the contact zones and the intrusion-hosted orebodies. The stratabound massive sulfide deposits of the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt share many features with the well-studied, high-temperature, carbonate-hosted replacement deposits of northern Mexico and western United States, particularly with respect to association with small, shallow granitoid complexes, structural and stratigraphic controls on mineralization, alteration assemblages, geometry of orebodies, metal association, metal zonation and isotopic systematics. 相似文献
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与地幔柱有关的成矿作用及其主控因素 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
地幔柱是地球动力系统中重要的组成部分,不仅形成规模巨大的大火成岩省,也形成了众多具有重要经济价值的矿床类型。由地幔柱形成不同的岩浆系列显示了特有的成矿专属性,如镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体与钒钛磁铁矿矿床和铜镍硫化物矿床,科马提岩与铜镍硫化物矿床,斜长岩与钒钛磁铁矿矿床,过碱性花岗岩系列与铌-钽-锆-稀土矿床,金伯利岩与金刚石矿等。在分析与地幔柱相关矿床的基础上,我们认为地幔柱结构、岩浆源区特征、结晶分异过程、硫化物饱和、地壳混染和岩浆侵位过程等是地幔柱成矿的关键控制因素。本文还对矿床成因研究中的存在问题以及几种潜在的地球化学找矿/评价指标(如橄榄石的Ni含量、单斜辉石和磁铁矿中的Cr含量,层状岩体的PGE 含量和Re-Os同位素联合示踪等)进行了评述。 相似文献
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The Neoproterozoic Korab Kansi mafic-ultramafic intrusion is one of the largest (100 km2) intrusions in the Southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. The intrusion consists of Fe-Ti-bearing dunite layers, amphibole peridotites, pyroxenites, troctolites, olivine gabbros, gabbronorites, pyroxene gabbros and pyroxene-hornblende gabbros, and also hosts significant Fe-Ti deposits, mainly as titanomagnetite-ilmenite. These lithologies show rhythmic layers and intrusive contacts against the surrounding granites and ophiolitic-island arc assemblages. The wide ranges of olivine forsterite contents (Fo67.9-85.7), clinopyroxene Mg# (0.57–0.95), amphibole Mg# (0.47–0.88), and plagioclase compositions (An85.8-40.9) indicate the role of fractional crystallization in the evolution from ultramafic to mafic rock types. Clinopyroxene (Cpx) has high REE contents (2–30 times chondrite) with depleted LREE relative to HREE, like those crystallized from ferropicritic melts generated in an island-arc setting. Melts in equilibrium with Cpx also resemble ferropicrites crystallized from olivine-rich mantle melts. Cpx chemistry and its host rock compositions have affinities to tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma types. Compositions of mafic-ultramafic rocks are depleted in HFSE (e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr, Th and U) relative to LILE (e.g. Li, Rb, Ba, Pb and Sr) due to the addition of subduction-related hydrous fluids (rich in LILE) to the mantle source, suggesting an island-arc setting. Fine-grained olivine gabbros may represent quenched melts approximating the primary magma compositions because they are typically similar in assemblage and chemistry as well as in whole-rock chemistry to ferropicrites. We suggest that the Korab Kansi intrusion crystallized at temperatures ranging from ~700 to 1100 °C from ferropicritic magma derived from melting of metasomatized mantle at <5 Kbar. These hydrous ferropicritic melts were generated in the deep mantle and evolved by fractional crystallization under high ƒO2 at relatively shallow depth. Fractionation formed calc-alkaline magmas during the maturation of an island arc system, reflecting the role of subduction-related fluids. The interaction of metasomatized lithosphere with upwelling asthenospheric melts produced the Fe and Ti-rich ferropicritic parental melts that are responsible for precipitating large quantities of Fe-Ti oxide layers in the Korab Kansi mafic-ultramafic intrusion. The other factors controlling these economic Fe-Ti deposits beside parental melts are high oxygen fugacity, water content and increasing degrees of mantle partial melting. The generation of Ti-rich melts and formation of Fe-Ti deposits in few layered intrusions in Egypt possibly reflect the Neoproterozoic mantle heterogeneity in the Nubian Shield. We suggest that Cryogenian-Tonian mafic intrusions in SE Egypt can be subdivided into Alaskan-type intrusions that are enriched in PGEs whereas Korab Kansi-type layered intrusions are enriched in Fe-Ti-V deposits. 相似文献
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新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿镁铁质岩体形成时代、成矿特征与深部找矿前景 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群位于准噶尔地块东北缘,由13个小岩体组成。在以往的研究中,这些岩体多被视为同期形成。笔者新获得的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄显示,镁铁质岩体群发育晚石炭世和早二叠世2个时期的岩体,其中Y3岩体闪长岩、苏长岩以及G21岩体淡色辉长岩的年龄分别为290 Ma、283 Ma和281 Ma,与Y1和Y9含矿岩体的年龄在误差范围内一致;Y5岩体辉长岩和闪长岩的年龄均为320 Ma,明显早于其他岩体。结合区域构造演化资料分析,晚石炭世Y5岩体是俯冲环境下岩浆作用的产物,这与以往研究较多的早二叠世后碰撞伸展环境下形成的岩体不同。在该矿区,具有工业价值的硫化物矿体主要赋存在Y1~Y3以及Y9岩体中,其中Y1和Y9岩体中富硫化物的矿体主要分布在岩体中部,而Y2和Y3岩体中矿体主要分布在底部的苏长岩中,在Y1-Y2以及Y2-Y3岩体结合部位均可见块状矿体。矿体空间分布及其与通道对应关系显示镁铁质含矿岩体可能形成于不同的岩浆通道系统或通道的不同部位。矿物学变化显示Y3、Y9和G21演化程度相对高于Y1和Y2岩体;同时,前者硫化物矿石多为中等稀疏浸染状和星点状,后者多为稠密浸染状和块状矿石,且前者浸染状矿石的Ni/Cu比值(0.15~2.00)总体小于后者(0.14~4.48)。上述特征表明含矿岩体的岩浆相对演化程度与矿化富集程度有一定的关系。综合分析地质、物探资料以及成矿特征,笔者认为Y1-Y3岩体深部仍具有寻找成矿岩体的潜力。G21岩体的演化程度较高,但具有与Y2、Y3岩体相似的重力异常和源区性质,推测该地段深部可能存在体积更大的岩体。 相似文献
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Tin polymetallic deposits are the most important type of tin deposit in the Nanling region. Manyresearchers both at home and abroad consider this type of tin deposit to be the product of differentiation andevolution of granite magmas resulting from anatexis of continental crust and to be genetically related to thetransformation-type (S-type) granitoids. In this paper, on the basis of the geological settings, petrology, REEgeochemistry and strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions of 6 granite intrusions associaied with tinpolymetallic deposits in the Nanling region, the authors suggest that the ore-bearing granites of this type areprobably the products of differentiation and evolution of acid magmas resulting from 40-50‰ fractionalcrystallization of magmas formed by partial melting of the pre-existing intermediate-basic volcanic rocks ofmantle origin in the lower crust and a small amount of sialic material and belong to crust-mantle-derivedgranitoids (approaching I-type of B. W. Chappell and A.J.R. White, but being evidently different from theS-type granitoid related to W, Sn, Nb, Ta and REE deposits). 相似文献