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1.
It has been demonstrated that precise point positioning (PPP) is a powerful tool in geodetic and geodynamic applications. As is known, it provides solutions in the reference system of the satellite orbits. We focuses on the strategy to transform PPP solutions into the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) by applying a set of local Helmert transformation parameters obtained from a regional network rather than using global parameters. In order to carry out this test, a regional network composed of 14 stations was analyzed using GIPSY-OASIS II software, over a period of 6 years. Two solutions differently aligned to the ITRS were compared in terms of accuracy, scattering, frequency content and local movements. One solution is aligned to IGb08 through the X-files provided by JPL, while the other is aligned to the European reference frame densification of IGb08 using customized regional X-files. Therefore, both are updated realizations of the ITRS. The test shows that a regional, instead of a global, alignment to the ITRS can significantly improve the repeatability of the solutions. A small improvement can also be found in terms of agreement with the regional densification of IGb08. The analysis of the signal content in the differently aligned time series allowed some differences to be found, in terms of both frequency and magnitude. These differences are mainly due to an evident common signal that is defined for the whole area and which is removed when using regional alignment. Finally, residual scattering was calculated after removing the modeled signals from each time series, which results in a scatter being significantly smaller for the regional solution than for the global solution. In order to obtain these results, the choice of the reference stations is a major question and therefore discussed in detail.  相似文献   

2.
Quality assessment of GPS reprocessed terrestrial reference frame   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
The International GNSS Service (IGS) contributes to the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) by submitting time series of station positions and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP). For the first time, its submission to the ITRF2008 construction is based on a combination of entirely reprocessed GPS solutions delivered by 11 Analysis Centers (ACs). We analyze the IGS submission and four of the individual AC contributions in terms of the GNSS frame origin and scale, station position repeatability and time series seasonal variations. We show here that the GPS Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) origin is consistent with Satellite laser Ranging (SLR) at the centimeter level with a drift lower than 1 mm/year. Although the scale drift compared to Very Long baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and SLR mean scale is smaller than 0.4 mm/year, we think that it would be premature to use that information in the ITRF scale definition due to its strong dependence on the GPS satellite and ground antenna phase center variations. The new position time series also show a better repeatability compared to past IGS combined products and their annual variations are shown to be more consistent with loading models. The comparison of GPS station positions and velocities to those of VLBI via local ties in co-located sites demonstrates that the IGS reprocessed solution submitted to the ITRF2008 is more reliable and precise than any of the past submissions. However, we show that some of the remaining inconsistencies between GPS and VLBI positioning may be caused by uncalibrated GNSS radomes.  相似文献   

3.
青岛大港验潮站的地壳沉降关系到该站平均海平面的绝对变化,因而也就关系到我国高程基准面的变化。本文利用青岛GNSS基准站约10年的观测数据对该站的地壳沉降变化进行分析。首先将青岛GNSS基准站纳入由50个国际IGS站和43个国内陆态网络基准站组成的全球网中,进行单日松弛解和单日约束解解算,获得该站坐标时间序列。然后对该站垂向坐标时间序列进行分析,利用粗差探测、偏差探测、趋势项分析、频谱分析等方法对粗差、偏差、趋势项和周期项进行探测、分析,并通过时间序列模型估计获得时间序列中的周期项振幅和偏差估值。分析表明青岛GNSS基准站垂直方向近一段时间未发现存在显著性的地壳沉降变化,但受到比较明显的周年和半周年周期变化影响。结合青岛大港验潮站验潮数据分析结果得出结论:青岛大港验潮站平均海平面的绝对上升速率是1.62mm/a。  相似文献   

4.
The 2008 DGFI realization of the ITRS: DTRF2008   总被引：11，自引：11，他引：0  
A new realization of the International Terrestrial System was computed at the ITRS Combination Centre at DGFI as a contribution to ITRF2008. The solution is labelled DTRF2008. In the same way as in the DGFI computation for ITRF2005 it is based on either normal equation systems or estimated parameters derived from VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS observations by weekly or session-wise processing. The parameter space of the ITRS realization comprises station positions and velocities and daily resolved Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), whereby for the first time also nutation parameters are included. The advantage of starting from time series of input data is that the temporal behaviour of geophysical parameters can be investigated to decide whether the parameters can contribute to the datum realization of the ITRF. In the same way, a standardized analysis of station position time series can be performed to detect and remove discontinuities. The advantage of including EOP in the ITRS realization is twofold: (1) the combination of the coordinates of the terrestrial pole—estimated from all contributing techniques—links the technique networks in two components of the orientation, leading to an improvement of consistency of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) and (2) in their capacity as parameters common to all techniques, the terrestrial pole coordinates enhance the selection of local ties as they provide a measure for the consistency of the combined frame. The computation strategy of DGFI is based on the combination of normal equation systems while at the ITRS Combination Centre at IGN solutions are combined. The two independent ITRS realizations provide the possibility to assess the accuracy of ITRF by comparison of the two frames. The accuracy evaluation was done separately for the datum parameters (origin, orientation and scale) and the network geometry. The accuracy of the datum parameters, assessed from the comparison of DTRF2008 and ITRF2008, is between 2–5?mm and 0.1–0.8?mm/year depending on the technique. The network geometry (station positions and velocities) agrees within 3.2?mm and 1.0?mm/year. A comparison of DTRF2008 and ITRF2005 provides similar results for the datum parameters, but there are larger differences for the network geometry. The internal accuracy of DTRF2008—that means the level of conservation of datum information and network geometry within the combination—was derived from comparisons with the technique-only multi-year solutions. From this an internal accuracy of 0.32?mm for the VLBI up to 3.3?mm for the DORIS part of the network is found. The internal accuracy of velocities ranges from 0.05?mm/year for VLBI to 0.83?mm/year for DORIS. The internal consistency of DTRF2008 for orientation can be derived from the analysis of the terrestrial pole coordinates. It is estimated at 1.5–2.5?mm for the GPS, VLBI and SLR parts of the network. The consistency of these three and the DORIS network part is within 6.5?mm.  相似文献   

5.
IGS contribution to the ITRF   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
We examine the contribution of the International GNSS Service (IGS) to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) by evaluating the quality of the incorporated solutions as well as their major role in the ITRF formation. Starting with the ITRF2005, the ITRF is constructed with input data in the form of time series of station positions (weekly for satellite techniques and daily for VLBI) and daily Earth Orientation Parameters. Analysis of time series of station positions is a fundamental first step in the ITRF elaboration, allowing to assess not only the stations behavior, but also the frame parameters and in particular the physical ones, namely the origin and the scale. As it will be seen, given the poor number and distribution of SLR and VLBI co-location sites, the IGS GPS network plays a major role by connecting these two techniques together, given their relevance for the definition of the origin and the scale of the ITRF. Time series analysis of the IGS weekly combined and other individual Analysis Center solutions indicates an internal precision (or repeatability) <2 mm in the horizontal component and <5 mm in the vertical component. Analysis of three AC weekly solutions shows generally poor agreement in origin and scale, with some indication of better agreement when the IGS started to use the absolute model of antenna phase center variations after the GPS week 1400 (November 2006).  相似文献   

6.
In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station time series to displacements caused by atmospheric pressure loading (APL). Different methods to take the APL effect into account are used in these studies: applying the corrections from a geophysical model on weekly mean estimates of station coordinates, using observation-level corrections during data analysis, or solving for regression factors between the station displacement and the local pressure. The Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) is one of the global analysis centers of the International GNSS Service (IGS). The current quality of the IGS products urgently asks to consider this effect in the regular processing scheme. However, the resulting requirements for an APL model are demanding with respect to quality, latency, and—regarding the reprocessing activities—availability over a long time interval (at least from 1994 onward). The APL model of Petrov and Boy (J Geophys Res 109:B03405, 2004) is widely used within the VLBI community and is evaluated in this study with respect to these criteria. The reprocessing effort of CODE provides the basis for validating the APL model. The data set is used to solve for scaling factors for each station to evaluate the geophysical atmospheric non-tidal loading model. A consistent long-term validation of the model over 15 years, from 1994 to 2008, is thus possible. The time series of 15 years allows to study seasonal variations of the scaling factors using the dense GNSS tracking network of the IGS. By interpreting the scaling factors for the stations of the IGS network, the model by (2004) is shown to meet the expectations concerning the order of magnitude of the effect at individual stations within the uncertainty given by the GNSS data processing and within the limitations due to the model itself. The repeatability of station coordinates improves by 20% when applying the effect directly on the data analysis and by 10% when applying a post-processing correction to the resulting weekly coordinates compared with a solution without taking APL into account.  相似文献   

7.
获取准确的GNSS测站速度对于研究全球板块运动、地壳形变、地震活动及其地球动力学过程至关重要。为此,以GNSS基线解算后的基线向量作为观测值,重建了最小二乘综合速度解算模型和卡尔曼滤波速度估计模型。模型中,考虑了测站坐标、运动速度、年、半年周期项一同作为参数,在基线解网平差的同时,一并求解获取速度估值。同时,利用坐标时序分析的方法,顾及白噪声和幂律噪声的影响,对单日解坐标时间序列重建了时序速度拟合估计模型,以获取长期趋势项作为速度值。基于3种模型,对川滇地区中国地壳运动观测网络2010—2014年21个GPS基准站的观测数据进行了速度估计与对比分析。结果表明:3种模型所估计测站速度非常接近,差异基本处于0~1mm/a范围之内;速度估值中误差均在亚毫米水平。由此得出,3种速度估计模型具有本质的一致性,均可正确估计测站运动速度,能够满足高精度地壳形变研究的需要。  相似文献   

8.
Displacements of the Earth’s surface caused by tidal and non-tidal loading forces are relevant in high-precision space geodesy. Some of the corrections are recommended by the international scientific community to be applied at the observation level, e.g., ocean tidal loading (OTL) and atmospheric tidal loading (ATL). Non-tidal displacement corrections are in general recommended not to be applied in the products of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, in particular atmospheric non-tidal loading (ANTL), oceanic and hydrological non-tidal corrections. We assess and compare the impact of OTL, ATL and ANTL on SLR-derived parameters by reprocessing 12 years of SLR data considering and ignoring individual corrections. We show that loading displacements have an influence not only on station long-term stability, but also on geocenter coordinates, Earth Rotation Parameters, and satellite orbits. Applying the loading corrections reduces the amplitudes of annual signals in the time series of geocenter and station coordinates. The general improvement of the SLR station 3D coordinate repeatability when applying OTL, ATL and ANTL corrections are 19.5 %, 0.2 % and 3.3 % respectively, w.r.t. the solutions without loading corrections. ANTL corrections play a crucial role in the combination of optical (SLR) and microwave (GNSS, VLBI, DORIS) space geodetic observation techniques, because of the so-called Blue-Sky effect: SLR measurements can be carried out only under cloudless sky conditions—typically during high air pressure conditions, when the Earth’s crust is deformed, whereas microwave observations are weather-independent. Thus, applying the loading corrections at the observation level improves SLR-derived products as well as the consistency with microwave-based results. We assess the Blue-Sky effect on SLR stations and the consistency improvement between GNSS and SLR solutions when ANTL corrections are included. The omission of ANTL corrections may lead to inconsistencies between SLR and GNSS solutions of up to 2.5 mm for inland stations. As a result, the estimated GNSS–SLR coordinate differences correspond better to the local ties at the co-located stations when applying ANTL corrections.  相似文献   

9.
 The first results of the International GLONASS Experiment 1998 (IGEX-98) campaign have provided significant material to illustrate the mutual benefits of the GLONASS system and the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). A specific aspect, namely the relationship between the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) and the PZ-90 system using ITRS as a primary standard, is investigated. A review of current works is carried out. A transformation strategy is proposed for the three systems based on recent results from IGEX-98 and an independent set of transformation parameters derived by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from ITRF97 and PZ-90 coordinates for 16 global stations. Received: 9 June 2000 / Accepted: 12 June 2001  相似文献   

10.
Within the regional EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) all positioning is purely based on GPS. This paper investigates, using the Bernese GNSS analysis software, the influence of adding GLONASS observations to the EPN processing using fixed orbits from the International GNSS Service (IGS) as well as from the CODE analysis centre. The GPS-only coordinates and GPS + GLONASS coordinates will be compared and the change in their repeatabilities will be investigated. The influence of the used orbits will also be outlined. The results show that a combined GPS + GLONASS data analysis can be set up without major efforts and that it will not degrade the positions obtained within the EPN.  相似文献   

11.
Single-epoch relative GPS positioning has many advantages, especially for monitoring dynamic targets. In this technique, errors occurring in previous epochs cannot affect the position accuracy at the current epoch, but careful processing is required, and resolving carrier phase ambiguities is essential. Statistical ambiguity resolution functions have been used to determine the best values of these ambiguities. The function inputs include as a minimum the known base station position, the approximate roving antenna “seed” position, and the dual-frequency carrier phase measurements from both receivers. We investigate different solutions to find the ambiguity function inputs that achieve the highest ambiguity resolution success rate. First, we address the rover seed position. A regionally filtered undifferenced pseudorange coordinate solution proves better than a double-differenced one. Multipath errors approximately repeat themselves every sidereal day in the case of static or quasi-static antennas; applying a sidereal filter to the pseudorange-derived positions mitigates their effects. Second, we address the relative carrier phase measurements, which for medium to long baselines are significantly affected by ionospheric propagation errors imperfectly removed during differencing. In addition to the International GNSS Service ionospheric model, we generate a local pseudorange-based ionospheric correction. Applying this correction improves the quality of the phase measurements, leading to more successful ambiguity resolution. Temporally smoothing the correction by means of a Kalman filter further improves the phase measurements. For baselines in the range 60–120 km, the mean absolute deviation of single-epoch coordinates improves to 10–20 cm, from 30–50 cm in the default case.  相似文献   

12.
IGS08: the IGS realization of ITRF2008   总被引：22，自引：6，他引：16  
On April 17, 2011, the International GNSS Service (IGS) stopped using the IGS05 reference frame and adopted a new one, called IGS08, as the basis of its products. The latter was derived from the latest release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2008). However, the simultaneous adoption of a new set of antenna phase center calibrations by the IGS required slight adaptations of ITRF2008 positions for 65 of the 232 IGS08 stations. The impact of the switch from IGS05 to IGS08 on GNSS station coordinates was twofold: in addition to a global transformation due to the frame change from ITRF2005 to ITRF2008, many station coordinates underwent small shifts due to antenna calibration updates, which need to be accounted for in any comparison or alignment of an IGS05-consistent solution to IGS08. Because the heterogeneous distribution of the IGS08 network makes it sub-optimal for the alignment of global frames, a smaller well-distributed sub-network was additionally designed and designated as the IGS08 core network. Only 2?months after their implementation, both the full IGS08 network and the IGS08 core network already strongly suffer from the loss of many reference stations. To avoid a future crisis situation, updates of IGS08 will certainly have to be considered before the next ITRF release.  相似文献   

13.
A new crustal velocity field for the Alpine Mediterranean area was determined by using a time series spanning 6.5 years of 113 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) permanent stations. This area is characterized by a complex tectonic setting driven by the interaction of Eurasian and African plates. The processing was performed by using a state-of-the-art absolute antenna phase center correction model and by using recomputed precise International GNSS Service orbits, available since April 2014. Thus, a new and more accurate tropospheric mapping function for geodetic applications was adopted. Results provide a new detailed map of the kinematics throughout the entire study area. In some area of the Italian peninsula, such as in the central Apennines, the velocity vector orientation appears rotated with respect to previous results. These discrepancies suggest that the geodynamic setting of this sector of Mediterranean area should be revised in accordance with these new results.  相似文献   

14.
长期累积的全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS）基准站坐标时间序列为大地测量学及地球动力学研究提供了基础数据。通过完善GNSS数据处理模型及策略,研究造成非线性运动的机制并进行有效建模,可以获得测站准确的位置和速度,不仅有助于合理解释板块构造运动,建立和维持动态地球参考框架,而且能更好地研究冰后回弹及海平面变化,反演冰雪质量变迁等地球动力学过程。首先从基准站坐标的精确获取、时间序列模型构建、时间序列信号分析等方面描述了GNSS坐标时间序列分析的理论与处理方法;其次,探讨了坐标时间序列噪声模型构建技术,给出了严密三维噪声模型构建方法;然后,疏理了坐标时间序列中非线性变化成因机制的研究进展;最后,总结了基于GNSS坐标时间序列的应用领域,并展望了其未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

15.
系统研究了GNSS精密星历框架变化对GNSS相对定位以及网平差解算的影响.通过实验比较发现,在高精度GNSS相对定位中,若选择的地面参考框架与精密轨道参考框架不一致,则将给区域网基线解和网平差结果带来一定的系统性误差.对于高精度的定位解算而言,2000 km以上的基线需考虑地面参考基准与星历参考基准的一致性问题,否则将...  相似文献   

16.
With the proposition for the adoption of Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS) as a terrestrial reference frame for South America, the need for temporal monitoring of station coordinates used in its materialization has become apparent. This would provide a dynamic characterization of the frame. The Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GPS (RBMC) has collected high accuracy GPS measurements since 1996. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) maintains this network in collaboration with several universities and organizations. Most of the stations are also part of the SIRGAS network. The RBMC also contributes data to the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) to densify the global frame. Two of the RBMC stations are also part of the International GPS Service (IGS). This paper reports initial results from these stations. To estimate the velocity field defined by these stations, ten IGS stations located on the border of the South American plate and in adjacent plates, along with nine RBMC stations, were used. Observations covering five groups of 15 days each were used. These groups of observations were at epochs 1997.3, 1997.9, 1998.3, 1998.9 and 1999.2. Seven IGS stations were chosen to have their coordinates constrained to those epochs. IGS products (precise ephemeris and clocks) were used to process the daily solutions, which were carried out with Bernese software. Carrier phase double differences were formed using the ionospheric-delay free observable. The troposphere was modeled using a combination of the Saastamoinen model and the Niell mapping function. A tropospheric parameter was estimated every two hours. The results of the daily baseline solutions were combined using the summation of normal equations technique, in which the final coordinates and velocities were estimated. The results were compared with various models, such as the NNR-NUVEL1 and the APKIM8.80. Velocity vectors estimated for the RBMC stations show good agreement with those two models, with rates approximately equal to 2 cm/year.  相似文献   

17.
ITRF中GNSS/SLR并址站归心基线的“一步解”   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
马下平 《测绘学报》2018,47(1):64-70
提出将SLR望远镜的参考点和两轴偏差作为未知参数,在ITRF中联合并址站归心测量中GNSS基线网和地面网观测量（水平方向、垂直角和边长）,建立SLR站观测设备的参考点与观测标志、观测标志之间、参考点和两轴偏差与其他未知参数之间的多种约束条件来求解归心基线的“一步解”。利用“一步解”解算出“陆态网络”中北京、昆明和西安3个GNSS/SLR并址站在ITRF2014中的归心基线及其协方差阵。结果显示：归心基线的中误差优于2 mm,与已有分步解相比,差值不超过2 mm;水平轴和垂直轴之间的偏差分别为3.8、0.7和3.6 mm,中误差分别为1.3、1.2和1.3 mm。  相似文献   

18.
首先介绍了多分析中心产品融合处理的两种综合策略,然后基于解层面的综合策略,提出了站坐标和地球自转参数同时综合的方法。采用国际GNSS服务组织（International GNSS Service,IGS）9个分析中心1 a的数据进行试验,从站坐标、地球自转参数精度以及地心运动3个方面验证了该方法的正确性。结果表明,基于综合方法得到的综合解和IGS综合解处于同一精度水平。站坐标在平面和高程方向的一致性分别为0.5 mm和1.0 mm,极移和极移速率的一致性分别优于7.0×10-6"和40.0×10-6"/d,日长参数优于7.7×10-6 s/d。所提出的综合方法可用于全球连续监测评估系统（international GNSS monitoring and assessment system,iGMAS）的站坐标/地球自转参数产品综合。  相似文献   

19.
In this paper, we report on the direct positioning of small multi-directional radar reflectors, so-called octahedrons, with the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite TerraSAR-X. Its highest resolution imaging mode termed staring spotlight enables the use of such octahedron reflectors with a dimension of only half a meter, but still providing backscatter equivalent to 1–2 cm observation error. Four octahedrons were deployed at Wettzell geodetic observatory, and observed by TerraSAR-X with 12 acquisitions in three different geometries. By applying our least squares stereo SAR algorithm already tested with common trihedral corner reflectors (CRs), and introducing a novel differential extension using one octahedron as reference point, the coordinates of the remaining octahedrons were directly retrieved in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Contrary to our standard processing, the differential approach does not require external corrections for the atmospheric path delays and the geodynamic displacements, rendering it particularly useful for joint geodetic networks employing SAR and GNSS. In this paper, we present and discuss both methods based on results when applying them to the aforementioned Wettzell data set of the octahedrons. The comparison with the independently determined reference coordinates confirms the positioning accuracy with 2–5 cm for the standard approach, and 2–3 cm for the differential processing. Moreover, we present statistical uncertainty estimates of the observations and the positioning solutions, which are additionally provided by our parameter estimation algorithms. The results also include our 1.5 m CR available at Wettzell, and the outcomes clearly demonstrate the advantage of the multi-directional octahedrons over conventional CRs for global positioning applications with SAR.  相似文献   

20.
地球自转参数(ERP)是实现地心天球坐标系(geocentric celestial reference system,GCRS)与国际地球坐标系(international terrestrial reference system,ITRS)相互转换的必要参数,是国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)和国际GNSS监测评估系统(iGMAS)分析中心的重要产品。本文针对最小二乘地球自转参数预测算法会造成数据饱和以及新旧数据在数据处理及预报中被同等对待等问题,将遗忘因子引入最小二乘预测算法,进而提高ERP预报精度。遗忘因子递推最小二乘算法能防止数据饱和,降低旧数据的影响,加强新数据的作用,降低在求解拟合参数时出现秩亏矩阵求逆的几率,提高预报精度。本文详细推导了遗忘因子递推最小二乘表达式,探究了最佳遗忘因子,并通过ERP试验将该方法和原最小二乘的试验结果及LS-AR模型的预报结果作对比,发现仅用遗忘因子最小二乘模型预测就可以达到与LS-AR组合模型预测相当的精度。  相似文献   

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