共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Due to the limited frequency stability and poor accuracy of typical quartz oscillators built-in GNSS receivers, an additional receiver clock error has to be estimated in addition to the coordinates. This leads to several drawbacks especially in kinematic applications: At least four satellites in view are needed for navigation, high correlations between the clock estimates and the up-coordinates. This situation can be improved distinctly when connecting atomic clocks to GNSS receivers and modeling their behavior in a physically meaningful way (receiver clock modeling). Recent developments in miniaturizing atomic clocks result in so-called chip-scale atomic clocks and open up the possibility of using stable atomic clocks in GNSS navigation. We present two different methods of receiver clock modeling, namely in an extended Kalman filter and a sequential least-squares adjustment for code-based GNSS navigation using three different miniaturized atomic clocks. Using the data of several kinematic test drives, the benefits of clock modeling for GPS navigation solutions are assessed: decrease in the noise of the up-coordinates by up to 69 % to 20 cm level, decrease in minimal detectable biases by 16 %, and elimination of spikes and subsequently decrease in large position errors (35 %). Hence, a more robust position is obtained. Additionally, artificial partial satellite outages are generated to demonstrate position solutions with only three satellites in view. 相似文献
2.
Single receiver phase ambiguity resolution with GPS data 总被引：26，自引：12，他引：14
Willy Bertiger Shailen D. Desai Bruce Haines Nate Harvey Angelyn W. Moore Susan Owen Jan P. Weiss 《Journal of Geodesy》2010,84(5):327-337
Global positioning system (GPS) data processing algorithms typically improve positioning solution accuracy by fixing double-differenced
phase bias ambiguities to integer values. These “double-difference ambiguity resolution” methods usually invoke linear combinations
of GPS carrier phase bias estimates from pairs of transmitters and pairs of receivers, and traditionally require simultaneous
measurements from at least two receivers. However, many GPS users point position a single local receiver, based on publicly
available solutions for GPS orbits and clocks. These users cannot form double differences. We present an ambiguity resolution
algorithm that improves solution accuracy for single receiver point-positioning users. The algorithm processes dual- frequency
GPS data from a single receiver together with wide-lane and phase bias estimates from the global network of GPS receivers
that were used to generate the orbit and clock solutions for the GPS satellites. We constrain (rather than fix) linear combinations
of local phase biases to improve compatibility with global phase bias estimates. For this precise point positioning, no other
receiver data are required. When tested, our algorithm significantly improved repeatability of daily estimates of ground receiver
positions, most notably in the east component by approximately 30% with respect to the nominal case wherein the carrier biases
are estimated as real values. In this “static” test for terrestrial receiver positions, we achieved daily repeatability of
1.9, 2.1 and 6.0 mm in the east, north and vertical (ENV) components, respectively. For kinematic solutions, ENV repeatability
is 7.7, 8.4, and 11.7 mm, respectively, representing improvements of 22, 8, and 14% with respect to the nominal. Results from
precise orbit determination of the twin GRACE satellites demonstrated that the inter-satellite baseline accuracy improved
by a factor of three, from 6 to 2 mm up to a long-term bias. Jason-2/Ocean Surface Topography Mission precise orbit determination
tests results implied radial orbit accuracy significantly below the 10 mm level. Stability of time transfer, in low-Earth
orbit, improved from 40 to 7 ps. We produced these results by applying this algorithm within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s
(JPL’s) GIPSY/OASIS software package and using JPL’s orbit and clock products for the GPS constellation. These products now
include a record of the wide-lane and phase bias estimates from the underlying global network of GPS stations. This implies
that all GIPSY–OASIS positioning users can now benefit from this capability to perform single-receiver ambiguity resolution. 相似文献
3.
Jeffrey T. Freymueller 《Journal of Geodesy》1992,66(3):272-280
Summary Many GPS networks which were initially surveyed with Texas Instruments TI-4100 receivers have now been resurveyed with mixtures of TI-4100 and Trimble 4000 receivers or exclusively with Trimble receivers. In order to make confident tectonic interpretation of displacements observed between such surveys, it is necessary to understand any biases which may be introduced by using different receiver types or by mixing receivers within a network. Therefore, one of the primary objectives of the Ecuador 1990 GPS campaign (February 1990) was to provide a direct long baseline comparison between the TI-4100 and Trimble 4000SDT GPS receivers. p ]During this campaign, TI and Trimble receivers were co-located at each end of a 1323 kilometer baseline (Jerusalen to Baltra). Solutions for this baseline show no variation with receiver type. Zero-length baseline solutions showed no evidence for any intrinsic bias caused by mixing the two receiver types. Short baseline solutions indicate a bias of -34±10 mm in the baseline vertical component; the sign of the bias indicates that either the assumed phase center location for the TI is too low or the assumed location for the Trimble is too high. The bias is explainable if the phase centers of the Trimble SDT and SST antennas are similarly located. p ]Solutions for baselines measured with codeless receivers (such as the Trimble) should be as precise as those for baselines measured with P-code receivers (such as the TI) as long as it is possible to resolve ambiguities. Resolution of the widelane ambiguity is the limiting factor in ambiguity resolution with any codeless receiver, and in the February 1990 campaigns it was not successful fore baselines longer than 100 km. Without explicit modeling of the ionospheric effect on the widelane, ambiguity resolution with codeless receivers will not be successful for baselines longer than about 100 km, depending on the local ionospheric conditions. 相似文献
4.
This report provides a detailed performance analysis of three semicodeless dual-frequency GPS receivers for use in low Earth orbit (LEO). The test set comprises the IGOR receiver, which represents a follow-on of the flight-proven BlackJack receiver, as well as two geodetic receivers (NovAtel OEM4-G2 and Septentrio PolaRx2), which are entirely based on commercial-off-the-shelf technology (COTS). All three receivers are considered for upcoming flight projects or experiments and have undergone at least a preliminary environmental qualification program. Using extensive signal simulator tests, the cold start signal acquisition, tracking sensitivity, differential code biases, raw measurement accuracy, and navigation accuracy of each receiver have been assessed. All tests are based on a common scenario that is representative of an actual space mission and provides a realistic simulation of the signal dynamics and quality on a scientific LEO satellite. Compared to the other receivers, the IGOR instrument exhibits a superior tracking sensitivity and is thus best suited for occultation measurements with low tangent point altitudes. The OEM4-G2 and PolaRx2 receivers are likewise shown to properly track dual-frequency GPS signals and normal signal levels and to provide accurate code and carrier phase measurements. Given their limited resource requirements, these receivers appear well suited for precise orbit determination applications and ionospheric sounding onboard of microsatellites with tight mission budgets. 相似文献
5.
Heading and Pitch Determination Using GPS/GLONASS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article describes a single difference approach to estimate heading and pitch with a twin global positoning system (GPS)/GLONASS
(GG) receiver system. Augmentation of GPS with GLONASS is not straightforward, however, because the latter system employs
the frequency division multiple access technique to distinguish the signals form different satellites, rather than the code
division multiple access technique used by GPS. The fact that each GLONASS signal has its own slightly different frequency
makes the double difference (DD) of carrier phase observables no longer possible without modification. To get around this
problem, the use of the between-receiver single difference (SD) of the carrier phase observables is proposed. In this case,
however, receiver clock and other errors do not cancel out. The possibility of using a common external oscillator for the
two receivers is explored. Remaining time and other biases are estimated using a low-pass averaging filter. The single difference
integer ambiguities can then be resolved and the heading and pitch can be determined with a relatively good level of accuracy.
Static and kinematic tests conducted with a pair of GPS/GLONASS receivers are used to validate the approach. Under reduced
visibility, the combined GPS/GLONASS approach is shown to yield superior availability. ? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
6.
Automated GPS processing for global total electron content data 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
A software package known as MIT Automated Processing of GPS (MAPGPS) has been developed to automate the processing of GPS data into global total electron density (TEC) maps. The goal of the MAPGPS software is to produce reliable TEC data automatically, although not yet in real time. Observations are used from all available GPS receivers during all geomagnetic conditions where data has been successfully collected. In this paper, the architecture of the MAPGPS software is described. Particular attention is given to the algorithms used to estimate the individual receiver biases. One of the largest sources of error in estimating TEC from GPS data is the determination of these unknown receiver biases. The MAPGPS approach to solving the receiver bias problem uses three different methods: minimum scalloping, least squares, and zero-TEC. These methods are described in detail, along with their relative performance characteristics. A brief comparison of the JPL and MAPGPS receiver biases is presented, and a possible remaining error source in the receiver bias estimation is discussed. Finally, the Madrigal database, which allows Web access to the MAPGPS TEC data and maps, is described. 相似文献
7.
Phase fractional cycle biases (FCBs) originating from satellites and receivers destroy the integer nature of PPP carrier phase ambiguities. To achieve integer ambiguity resolution of PPP, FCBs of satellites are required. In former work, least squares methods are commonly adopted to isolate FCBs from a network of reference stations. However, it can be extremely time consuming concerning the large number of observations from hundreds of stations and thousands of epochs. In addition, iterations are required to deal with the one-cycle inconsistency among FCB measurements. We propose to estimate the FCB based on a Kalman filter. The large number of observations are handled epoch by epoch, which significantly reduces the dimension of the involved matrix and accelerates the computation. In addition, it is also suitable for real-time applications. As for the one-cycle inconsistency, a pre-elimination method is developed to avoid iterations and posterior adjustments. A globally distributed network consisting of about 200 IGS stations is selected to determine the GPS satellite FCBs. Observations recorded from DoY 52 to 61 in 2016 are processed to verify the proposed approach. The RMS of wide lane (WL) posterior residuals is 0.09 cycles while that of the narrow lane (NL) is about 0.05 cycles, which indicates a good internal accuracy. The estimated WL FCBs also have a good consistency with existing WL FCB products (e.g., CNES-GRG, WHU-SGG). The RMS of differences with respect to GRG and SGG products are 0.03 and 0.05 cycles. For satellite NL FCB estimates, 97.9% of the differences with respect to SGG products are within ±?0.1 cycles. The RMS of the difference is 0.05 cycles. These results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach. 相似文献
8.
The Global Navigation Satellite System presents a plausible and cost-effective way of computing the total electron content (TEC). But TEC estimated value could be seriously affected by the differential code biases (DCB) of frequency-dependent satellites and receivers. Unlike GPS and other satellite systems, GLONASS adopts a frequency-division multiplexing access mode to distinguish different satellites. This strategy leads to different wavelengths and inter-frequency biases (IFBs) for both pseudo-range and carrier phase observations, whose impacts are rarely considered in ionospheric modeling. We obtained observations from four groups of co-stations to analyze the characteristics of the GLONASS receiver P1P2 pseudo-range IFB with a double-difference method. The results showed that the GLONASS P1P2 pseudo-range IFB remained stable for a period of time and could catch up to several meters, which cannot be absorbed by the receiver DCB during ionospheric modeling. Given the characteristics of the GLONASS P1P2 pseudo-range IFB, we proposed a two-step ionosphere modeling method with the priori IFB information. The experimental analysis showed that the new algorithm can effectively eliminate the adverse effects on ionospheric model and hardware delay parameters estimation in different space environments. During high solar activity period, compared to the traditional GPS + GLONASS modeling algorithm, the absolute average deviation of TEC decreased from 2.17 to 2.07 TECu (TEC unit); simultaneously, the average RMS of GPS satellite DCB decreased from 0.225 to 0.219 ns, and the average deviation of GLONASS satellite DCB decreased from 0.253 to 0.113 ns with a great improvement in over 55%. 相似文献
9.
Calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with GPS 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：12
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become a powerful tool for ionospheric studies. In addition, ionospheric corrections
are necessary for the augmentation systems required for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) use. Dual-frequency carrier-phase
and code-delay GPS observations are combined to obtain ionospheric observables related to the slant total electron content
(sTEC) along the satellite-receiver line-of-sight (LoS). This observable is affected by inter-frequency biases [IFB; often
called differential code biases (DCB)] due to the transmitting and the receiving hardware. These biases must be estimated
and eliminated from the data in order to calibrate the experimental sTEC obtained from GPS observations. Based on the analysis
of single differences of the ionospheric observations obtained from pairs of co-located dual-frequency GPS receivers, this
research addresses two major issues: (1) assessing the errors translated from the code-delay to the carrier-phase ionospheric
observable by the so-called levelling process, applied to reduce carrier-phase ambiguities from the data; and (2) assessing
the short-term stability of receiver IFB. The conclusions achieved are: (1) the levelled carrier-phase ionospheric observable
is affected by a systematic error, produced by code-delay multi-path through the levelling procedure; and (2) receiver IFB
may experience significant changes during 1 day. The magnitude of both effects depends on the receiver/antenna configuration.
Levelling errors found in this research vary from 1.4 total electron content units (TECU) to 5.3 TECU. In addition, intra-day
vaiations of code-delay receiver IFB ranging from 1.4 to 8.8 TECU were detected. 相似文献
10.
在全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)中,接收机硬件延迟引起的码偏差和相位偏差是影响精密授时、电离层建模以及非差模糊度解算的重要因素。利用GPS对电离层总电子含量进行估计和建模时,通常假定GPS接收机硬件延迟偏差是稳定不变的量,对其可能存在的波动及影响因素考虑不充分。因此,对GPS接收机硬件延迟偏差的时变特性进行分析,有助于提高电离层电子含量估值的准确性和可靠性。分析了GPS接收机差分码偏差(differential code bias,DCB)和差分相位偏差(differential phase bias,DPB)单历元及单天解的时间变化特性,并对温度变化与接收机DCB、DPB变化之间的相关性进行了实验探究。结果表明,接收机重启前后其DCB值会发生突变,重启之后接收机DCB和DPB大约需要25 min才能趋于稳定。接收机DCB和DPB并不能长期保持稳定,实验数据显示,在2~3 h内,DCB的变化量可以达到0.8 m左右,DPB的变化量可以达到4 mm左右,接收机DCB和DPB的波动与周围环境温度的变化具有较强相关性。 相似文献
11.
The Cooperative Network for GIOVE Observation (CONGO) is a global network of real-time capable multi-constellation GNSS receivers,
which has been established by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the German Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy
(BKG) as a test bed for experimentation with the new Galileo signals. The CONGO network employs a variety of different antennas
and receivers which have become available for public use over the last 2 years. Following an overview of the network and the
employed user equipment, the paper discusses the achieved GPS/GIOVE tracking performance. This includes a characterization
of antenna gain patterns as well as receiver noise and multipath errors. Special attention is given to the discussion of inter-system
biases. The nature and variation of these biases is illustrated based on a set of three different receivers operated in a
zero-baseline configuration at the Wettzell site. 相似文献
12.
GPS接收机工作原理及发展现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据GPS接收机的工作原理,分为连续接收机、序贯接收机和多元接收机。讨论了接收机的应用分类,分别为高精度测量型接收机,导航接收机及授时型接收机。根据GPS卫星信号的情况,介绍了GPS接收机的性能指标。根据GNSS的发展现状和卫星信号的实施论述了新一代多模双频接收机指标,根据测试结果证明：这种接收机将是未来GPS接收机的发展方向。 相似文献
13.
GNSS接收机端的UPD与接收到的信号频率有关,这导致GPS和BDS系统间的双差模糊度不具有整数特性,为了恢复其整数特性,两系统间的系统偏差需要进行估计或改正。在顾及GPS和BDS之间的时间系统、坐标系统和频率间偏差的基础上,推导出GPS/BDS系统偏差计算模型,并利用不同实验对系统偏差的稳定性进行验证。实验结果表明,不同品牌接收机在GPS/BDS系统偏差方面在一定条件下均具有稳定性;天线类型和天线连接线长度没有对GPS/BDS系统偏差产生显著影响。加入系统偏差改正的GPS/BDS紧组合定位在恶劣环境下表现良好,可将模糊度固定平均所需时间缩短33%,模糊度固定成功率提高31%。 相似文献
14.
Baocheng Zhang Peter J. G. Teunissen Yunbin Yuan Hongxing Zhang Min Li 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(4):401-413
Vertical total electron content (VTEC) parameters estimated using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data are of great interest for ionosphere sensing. Satellite differential code biases (SDCBs) account for one source of error which, if left uncorrected, can deteriorate performance of positioning, timing and other applications. The customary approach to estimate VTEC along with SDCBs from dual-frequency GNSS data, hereinafter referred to as DF approach, consists of two sequential steps. The first step seeks to retrieve ionospheric observables through the carrier-to-code leveling technique. This observable, related to the slant total electron content (STEC) along the satellite–receiver line-of-sight, is biased also by the SDCBs and the receiver differential code biases (RDCBs). By means of thin-layer ionospheric model, in the second step one is able to isolate the VTEC, the SDCBs and the RDCBs from the ionospheric observables. In this work, we present a single-frequency (SF) approach, enabling the joint estimation of VTEC and SDCBs using low-cost receivers; this approach is also based on two steps and it differs from the DF approach only in the first step, where we turn to the precise point positioning technique to retrieve from the single-frequency GNSS data the ionospheric observables, interpreted as the combination of the STEC, the SDCBs and the biased receiver clocks at the pivot epoch. Our numerical analyses clarify how SF approach performs when being applied to GPS L1 data collected by a single receiver under both calm and disturbed ionospheric conditions. The daily time series of zenith VTEC estimates has an accuracy ranging from a few tenths of a TEC unit (TECU) to approximately 2 TECU. For 73–96% of GPS satellites in view, the daily estimates of SDCBs do not deviate, in absolute value, more than 1 ns from their ground truth values published by the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe. 相似文献
15.
16.
Characterization of between-receiver GPS-Galileo inter-system biases and their effect on mixed ambiguity resolution 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
The Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo will transmit signals on similar frequencies, that is, the L1–E1 and L5–E5a frequencies. This will be beneficial for mixed GPS and Galileo applications in which the integer carrier phase ambiguities need to be resolved, in order to estimate the positioning unknowns with centimeter accuracy or better. In this contribution, we derive the mixed GPS + Galileo model that is based on “inter-system” double differencing, that is, differencing the Galileo phase and code observations relative to those corresponding to the reference or pivot satellite of GPS. As a consequence of this, additional between-receiver inter-system bias (ISB) parameters need to be solved as well for both phase and code data. We investigate the size and variability of these between-receiver ISBs, estimated from L1 and L5 observations of GPS, as well as E1 and E5a observations of the two experimental Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element (GIOVE) satellites. The data were collected using high-grade multi-GNSS receivers of different manufacturers for several zero- and short-baseline setups in Australia and the USA. From this analysis, it follows that differential ISBs are only significant for receivers of different types and manufacturers; for baselines formed by identical receiver types, no differential ISBs have shown up; thus, implying that the GPS and GIOVE data are then fully interoperable. Fortunately, in case of different receiver types, our analysis also indicates that the phase and code ISBs may be calibrated, since their estimates, based on several datasets separated in time, are shown to be very stable. When the single-frequency (E1) GIOVE phase and code data of different receiver types are a priori corrected for the differential ISBs, the short-baseline instantaneous ambiguity success rate increases significantly and becomes comparable to the success rate of mixed GPS + GIOVE ambiguity resolution based on identical receiver types. 相似文献
17.
在传统多系统非差非组合精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）模型中,电离层延迟会吸收部分接收机码硬件延迟,其估计值可能为负数。提出了一种估计接收机差分码偏差（differential code bias,DCB）参数的GPS（Global Positioning System）/BDS（BeiDou Navigation Satellite System）非组合PPP模型,将每个系统第1个频率上的接收机码硬件延迟约束为零,对接收机DCB进行参数估计,达到了分离电离层延迟和接收机码硬件延迟的目的,降低了接收机钟差和电离层延迟的相关程度。利用4个多星座实验（multi-GNSS experiment,MGEX）跟踪站的GPS/BDS数据进行了静态和动态PPP试验,结果表明,与不估计DCB参数的PPP模型相比,采用估计DCB参数PPP模型后,静态模式下定位精度和收敛速度平均提高了29.3%和29.8%,动态模式下定位精度和收敛速度平均提高了15.7%和21.6%。 相似文献
18.
Use of GPS tracking data from different dual-frequency receiver types (cross-correlating vs. codeless) has revealed satellite-dependent
biases in pseudorange observables P1 (Y-code) and C1 (C/A, Clear Acquisition code). These biases can have a direct effect
on clock estimates, carrier phase bias fixing, and other parameters estimated in GPS data processing. A set of satellite-specific
compensatory pseudorange offsets is calculated, and each is applied to a wee of daily global network analyses in which satlellite,
receiver, atmospheric, and Earth rotation parameters are estimated. Results from these analyses are then compared to those
from corresponding baseline cases in which no biases were applied. There is also some evidence that suggests that the pseudorange
biases differ even among codeless receiver models. Hence, a second set of offsets is computed on a different basis, and compared
with the baseline model in a similar manner. A preliminary examination of C1-P1 variations over time is presented. Finally,
recommendations are made for the use of the calculated offsets, and consideration is given to a future dissemination of updates
to these values as necessary. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
19.
星载GPS载波相位测量的周跳探测方法研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
提出了一种基于粗差探测理论的星载GPS载波相位数据周跳的探测方法。并编制了相关软件对CHAMP星载GPS测量数据进行了验算。结果表明，当跟踪的有效GPS卫星多于5颗时。能够探测出所有的周跳。 相似文献
20.
伪距偏差是指卫星导航信号非理想特征导致的不同技术状态接收机产生的伪距测量常数偏差。本文将伪距偏差作为一种用户段误差,提出基于并置接收机的伪距偏差计算方法和基于DCB参数的伪距偏差计算方法,以实现伪距偏差与其他误差的分离。然后利用实测数据测量了北斗卫星伪距偏差,结果表明伪距偏差标定序列波动STD约为0.1 m,不随时间明显变化,不同地点接收机测量的伪距偏差具有较好的一致性。在1.5 G频段,北斗卫星B1I频点伪距偏差最大。北斗卫星新体制信号B1C伪距偏差最小,较北斗卫星B1I频点伪距偏差明显改善,也明显好于GPS卫星L1C/A频点伪距偏差。在其他频段,GPS卫星L2C伪距偏差略大于北斗卫星B3I伪距偏差,L5C频点伪距偏差次之,B2a频点伪距偏差最小。最后,利用实测数据分析了伪距偏差对定位精度的影响。结果表明伪距偏差与卫星群延迟参数高度相关。若用户接收机与群延迟参数计算采用的接收机技术状态差异较大,用户接收机定位精度将明显恶化。 相似文献