共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
针对多模全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)融合伪距单点定位随机模型难以精确构建的问题,在全球范围内选取了10个多GNSS实验跟踪网MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)观测站连续7天的观测数据,将四大GNSS系统的观测值分为五类,比较了高度角模型、用户等效测距误差(UERE)模型及验后Helmert方差分量估计模型的伪距单点定位精度. 结果表明:在四系统融合伪距单点定位时,Helmert方差分量估计模型能提高定位精度,高度角模型定位精度优于UERE模型,其中基于高度角的Helmert方差分量估计模型结果最优. 相似文献
2.
BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位时,由于系统间卫星测距精度的差异性,需要合理确定卫星间权比,Helmert方差分量估计常被用于确定不同类观测值间权比;而当观测值含有粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计定位结果容易被粗差污染或收敛失真,出现大的偏差。文中基于Helmert方差分量估计,引入等价权因子IGGIII函数,建立抗差Helmert方差分量估计权函数模型,对比分析其在低截止高度角10°、15°和20°下,在BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位中的应用及定位精度,并讨论分析在高截止高度角30°和40°下,组合系统和单系统BDS的定位精度。实验结果表明:当观测值无明显粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计和抗差分量估计的定位精度相当,略低于高度角权函数的定位结果,点位精度RMS优于2.5m;含粗差时,抗差解定位精度最高;当截止高度角为30°时,BDS单系统定位精度RMS优于5m,而组合系统RMS接近3m;为40°时,组合系统平面精度RMS优于2m,三维精度RMS优于6m,而单系统不能定位。 相似文献
3.
多星座组合定位可以提升导航定位性能,但不同星座观测量组合时需要考虑合适的随机模型.传统方法是根据经验直接设定各系统的等价权重,但会导致随机模型确定不精确,从而影响组合系统的性能提升.将Helmert方差分量估计方法应用于GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo组合精密单点定位(PPP)中,以自适应确定各系统间权比.采用国际GNSS服务(IGS)MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)观测网的10个测站一周的观测数据进行静态和仿动态试验.结果表明:采用Helmert方差分量估计定权方法可显著提高GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo组合PPP的收敛速度,与等权定权方案比较,静态模式下平均提高52%,仿动态模式下平均提高64%.因定位精度主要由载波相位观测值精度和误差修正水平决定,在静态和仿动态测试中Helmert方差分量估计方法对定位精度没有明显改善. 相似文献
4.
It is a crucial task to establish a precise mathematical model for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations in precise positioning. Due to the spatiotemporal complexity of, and limited knowledge on, systematic errors in GNSS observations, some residual systematic errors would inevitably remain even after corrected with empirical model and parameterization. These residual systematic errors are referred to as unmodeled errors. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on handling the systematic errors that can be properly modeled and then simply ignore the unmodeled errors that may actually exist. To further improve the accuracy and reliability of GNSS applications, such unmodeled errors must be handled especially when they are significant. Therefore, a very first question is how to statistically validate the significance of unmodeled errors. In this research, we will propose a procedure to examine the significance of these unmodeled errors by the combined use of the hypothesis tests. With this testing procedure, three components of unmodeled errors, i.e., the nonstationary signal, stationary signal and white noise, are identified. The procedure is tested by using simulated data and real BeiDou datasets with varying error sources. The results show that the unmodeled errors can be discriminated by our procedure with approximately 90% confidence. The efficiency of the proposed procedure is further reassured by applying the time-domain Allan variance analysis and frequency-domain fast Fourier transform. In summary, the spatiotemporally correlated unmodeled errors are commonly existent in GNSS observations and mainly governed by the residual atmospheric biases and multipath. Their patterns may also be impacted by the receiver. 相似文献
5.
观测噪声提取是数据质量分析与随机模型构建的基础。当前手机GNSS观测噪声提取主要采用三阶差分法与历元间差分法,这些方法的提取结果都会受到卫星相关性和历元间相关性的影响。本文提出结合变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)提取手机观测噪声的方法。模拟分解试验表明:VMD能够较好地对混合信号进行分解。提取小米8手机GNSS观测噪声并进行分析,结果表明:GPS、BDS和Galileo 3系统伪距观测噪声计算结果一致,GLONASS系统伪距噪声大约是其他系统的两倍,四系统的载波观测噪声相当,手机GNSS观测噪声与Android系统版本无关。相比于高度角随机模型,载噪比随机模型更适用于手机GNSS定位。利用数据质量提取结果拟合载噪比随机模型,并进行定位试验。定位结果表明:相对于高度角随机模型,采用载噪比随机模型后手机伪距单点定位效果能提升25%以上。手机PPP平面定位结果能收敛至0.6 m以内,高程定位精度收敛至1.2 m以内。 相似文献
6.
Systematic differences between VTEC obtained by different space-geodetic techniques during CONT08 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The ionosphere is a dispersive medium for microwaves, and most space-geodetic techniques using two or more signal frequencies
can be applied to extract information on ionospheric parameters, including terrestrial as well as satellite-based GNSS, DORIS,
altimetry, and VLBI. Because of their different sensitivity regarding ionization, their different spatial and temporal data
distribution, and their different signal paths, a joint analysis of all observation types seems reasonable and promises the
best results for ionosphere modeling. However, it has turned out that there exist offsets between ionospheric observations
of the diverse techniques mainly caused by calibration uncertainties or model errors. Direct comparisons of the information
from different data types are difficult because of the inhomogeneous measurement epochs and locations. In the approach presented
here, all measurements are combined into one ionosphere model of vertical total electron content (VTEC). A variance component
estimation is applied to take into account the different accuracy levels of the observations. In order to consider systematic
offsets, a constant bias term is allowed for each observation group. The investigations have been performed for the time interval
of the CONT08 campaign (2 weeks in August 2008) in a region around the Hawaiian Islands. Almost all analyzed observation techniques
show good data sensitivity and are suitable for VTEC modeling in case the systematic offsets which can reach up to 5 TECU
are taken into account. Only the Envisat DORIS data cannot provide reliable results. 相似文献
7.
多径误差是全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）高精度实时定位的主要误差源。由于多径效应具有时变特性且与观测环境有关,难以有效探测与剔除,尤其是动态定位领域。鉴于多径效应对于同颗卫星不同频率观测值影响不同,本文采用三频信噪比（signal-noise ratio,SNR）频率间差分数据,设计算法探测北斗对地静止卫星（geostationary orbit satellite,GEO）多径误差,并依据开阔环境SNR频间差分数据序列进行统计分析,确定其探测阈值。实验结果表明,北斗GEO卫星易受多径误差影响,传统方法难以实时有效探测,本文提出的新方法可有效探测GEO多径误差,并基于设定的阈值对其数据进行降权或剔除,可应用于GNSS数据质量控制。 相似文献
8.
Helmert方差分量估计的粗差检验与抗差解 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
当观测值中含有粗差时，检验表明Helmert方差分量估计结果同样含有粗差，且粗差还可能会发生转移，为有效地抵制粗差和随机模型差的互相影响，指出了发生这一转移的原因，介绍了基于双因子等价权的抗差估计，并针对相关Helmert方差分量估计抗差解求解过程中容易出现的法矩阵0值溢出问题，提出了改进方法。 相似文献
9.
根据测站的垂线站心坐标系和法线站心坐标系之间的转换公式,将垂线偏差作为未知参数,列出地面常规网观测量（水平方向、垂直角和边长）在空间直角坐标系中的观测方程,并结合GNSS网的观测方程,推导出附加垂线偏差的GNSS网和地面网联合平差的参数估计及其精度评定公式。利用含有GNSS观测量和地面常规网观测量的实例数据解算出垂线偏差,分析了垂线偏差对平差结果的影响。结果表明,将垂线偏差作为未知参数,能够消除垂线偏差对观测值的影响,显著提高未知点坐标的解算精度及可靠性。 相似文献
10.
Xiaoji Niu Qijin Chen Quan Zhang Hongping Zhang Jieming Niu Kejie Chen Chuang Shi Jingnan Liu 《GPS Solutions》2014,18(2):231-242
Currently, we evaluate the positioning accuracy of GNSS mainly by providing statistical values that can represent the overall error level, such as CEP, RMS, 2DRMS, and maximum error. These are solid indicators of the general performance of the GNSS positioning. But some applications like GNSS/INS integrated system require a detailed analysis of the error characteristics and knowledge of the precise error model. This requirement necessitates the modeling of the error components of the GNSS positioning solutions. In our research, the Allan variance method is proposed to analyze the GNSS positioning errors, describe the error characteristics, and build the corresponding error models. Based on our research, four dominant noise terms are identified in the GNSS positioning solutions, that is, 1st order Gauss-Markov process, Gaussian white noise, random walk noise, and flicker noise, which indicates that white noise is not always enough and appropriate to model GNSS positioning errors for some applications. The results show that the Allan variance is a feasible and effective way to analyze the error characteristics of the GNSS positioning solutions. 相似文献
11.
利用基于抗差垂直向方差分量估计的GPS-InSAR数据融合方法反演三维形变场 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GPS-InSAR数据融合解算三维形变场模型易受观测值粗差影响,且基于方差分量估计的定权方法不具备抵御粗差能力,计算效率低下。鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于抗差垂直向方差分量估计的GPS-InSAR融合解算模型,利用方差分量估计方法及抗差估计理论,通过对观测值最优化分类并进行选权迭代,精确分配权重,进而有效计算三维形变场。试验结果表明,该方法能有效抵御观测值粗差不利影响,提高三维形变场反演精度,提升逐点式计算的三维形变场效率。 相似文献
12.
When processing observational data from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the carrier phase measurements are generally
assumed to follow a normal distribution. Although full knowledge of the probability distribution of the observables is not
required for parameter estimation, for example when using the least-squares method, the distributional properties of GNSS
observations play a key role in quality control procedures, such as outlier and cycle-slip detection, in ambiguity resolution,
as well as in the reliability assessment of estimation results. In addition, when applying GNSS positioning under critical
observation conditions with respect to multipath and atmospheric effects, the validity of the normal distribution assumption
of GNSS observables certainly comes into doubt. This paper illustrates the discrepancies between the normal distribution assumption
and reality, based on a large and representative data set of GPS phase measurements covering a range of factors, including
multipath impact, baseline length, and atmospheric conditions. The statistical inferences are made using the first through
fourth sample moments, hypothesis tests, and graphical tools such as histograms and quantile–quantile plots. The results show
clearly that multipath effects, in particular the near-field component, produce the dominant influence on the distributional
characteristics of GNSS observables. Additionally, using surface meteorological data, considerable correlations between distributional
deviations from normality on the one hand and atmospheric relative humidity on the other are detected. 相似文献
13.
Potentialities of multifrequency ionospheric correction in Global Navigation Satellite Systems 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The first-order ionospheric error is reduced in the dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In this paper,
the possibility of eliminating ionospheric higher-order errors in the multifrequency GNSS is explored. Since the second-order
error associated with the geomagnetic field effect on the refractive index can be eliminated in dual-frequency measurements,
we explore the possibility of eliminating third-order errors in triple-frequency GNSS in view of phase scintillations. A connection
between the possibility of improving the multifrequency GNSS accuracy and diffraction effects in radio signal propagation
through the randomly inhomogeneous ionosphere is shown. The numerical simulation has revealed that the systematic, residual
ionospheric error is considerably reduced when we pass on from dual-frequency to triple-frequency measurements. The change
in the residual error variance during such a transition depends however on the relationship between the inner scale of the
turbulent spectrum of ionospheric irregularities and the Fresnel radius. Given the inner scale larger than the Fresnel radius,
not only the systematic error, but also the standard deviation reduces when we pass on from dual-frequency to triple-frequency
measurements. Otherwise, when the Fresnel radius exceeds the inner scale, the variance increases with increasing number of
frequencies in use. 相似文献
14.
GIS中地籍宗地面积的方差分量估计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨在地籍宗地数字化的面积处理问题中,把已知面积数据和数字化坐标同时作为观测值的面积处理方法.采用方差分量估计,解决已知面积数据参与平差时的权的确定.通过实例分析,认为采用条件平差方差分量估计方法来对宗地面积处理,能够更加合理地调整已有面积与由数字化坐标得到的面积值之间的差异. 相似文献
15.
伪距多路径误差是影响GNSS导航定位精度的主要误差源之一。多路径误差与接收机周围环境有关,在实际应用中难以建立有效的多路径误差模型进行改正。对于多频GNSS接收机可以通过多频观测值组合估计伪距多路径,但该方法不适用于价格低廉的单频接收机,而导航中使用的大多数为单频接收机。因此,开展单频GNSS伪距多路径误差提取研究具有重要的工程应用价值。本文基于小波分析对单频GNSS接收机伪距多路径误差估计开展研究,首先验证了小波分析用于单频GNSS伪距多路径误差估计的可行性;其次,研究了采用不同的小波基和分解层次对多路径误差估计的影响;最后,研究了改正多路径误差对GNSS定位的影响。实验结果表明不同的小波基和分解层次对多路径误差提取效果没有明显的差别,但小波分解层次较低时定位误差分布相对更加集中,同时,经过多路径误差改正后在NEU3个方向RMS平均改善率达到20.4%、25.1%、16.4%。 相似文献
16.
导航解算中的系统误差及其协方差矩阵拟合 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
利用Kslman滤波进行导航定位计算不得不涉及观测函数模型和动力学模型,而观测函数模型和动力学模型经常含有系统误差或区域性系统误差.本文提出了一种基于移动窗口的函数模型和随机模型系统误差自适应拟合法.基于相同的窗口给出了相应的观测向量和状态预测向量的协方差矩阵估计方法,其协方差矩阵的估计与现有的Sage滤波不同.利用经系统误差修正后的观测向量和状态预测向量及相应的协方差矩阵,再进行动态导航滤波计算,能有效提高导航解的精度.文中给出了开窗估计系统误差的公式,并利用实测数据验证了该算法的可行性和实用性.计算结果表明该算法能有效地抵制系统误差对导航滤波结果的影响. 相似文献
17.
提出了一种基于历元间单差观测值的单站单频周跳探测与修复方法。通过假定前一历元为基准站,当前历元为流动站,采用相对定位处理模式获取当前历元观测值的验后单位权中误差,并基于抗差最小二乘获取每颗卫星的观测值残差,对单站单频数据进行周跳探测与修复。通过对实测数据的验证分析表明,按照本文方法可以100%探测周跳发生的历元。并且,当至少4颗卫星未发生周跳时,如发生异常卫星数小于可视卫星数的30%,则在95%以上的情况下可以有效确定异常卫星;当异常卫星过多时,本文方法确定异常卫星的成功率会有所下降。但是,对于探测出发生周跳的异常卫星,本文方法均可100%对其周跳进行修复。 相似文献
18.
Ionospheric disturbances can be detrimental to accuracy and reliability of GNSS positioning. We focus on how ionospheric scintillation induces significant degradation to Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and how to improve the performance of PPP during ionospheric scintillation periods. We briefly describe these problems and give the physical explanation of highly correlated phenomenon of degraded PPP estimates and occurrence of ionospheric scintillation. Three possible reasons can contribute to significant accuracy degradation in the presence of ionospheric scintillation: (a) unexpected loss of lock of tracked satellites which greatly reduces the available observations and considerably weakens the geometry, (b) abnormal blunders which are not properly mitigated by positioning programs, and (c) failure of cycle slip detection algorithms due to the high rate of total electronic content. The latter two reasons are confirmed as the major causes of sudden accuracy degradation by means of a comparative analysis. To reduce their adverse effect on positioning, an improved approach based on a robust iterative Kalman filter is adopted to enhance the PPP performance. Before the data enter the filter, the differential code biases are used for GNSS data quality checking. Any satellite whose C1–P1 and P1–P2 biases exceed 10 and 30 m, respectively, will be rejected. Both the Melbourne–Wubbena and geometry-free combination are used for cycle slip detection. But the thresholds are set more flexibly when ionospheric conditions become unusual. With these steps, most of the outliers and cycle slips can be effectively detected, and a first PPP estimation can be carried out. Furthermore, an iterative PPP estimator is utilized to mitigate the remaining gross errors and cycle slips which will be reflected in the posterior residuals. Further validation tests based on extensive experiments confirm our physical explanation and the new approach. The results show that the improved approach effectively avoids a large number of ambiguity resets which would otherwise be necessary. It reduces the number of re-parameterized phase ambiguities by approximately half, without scarifying the accuracy and reliability of the PPP solution. 相似文献
19.
20.
视觉里程计能够在复杂环境下提供短时间的高精度导航定位,全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）具有全天候、全球性和误差不随时间积累的特性,但是在恶劣环境多路径效应下,GNSS定位精度会变差甚至不可用. 为了研究在复杂环境下视觉里程计辅助GNSS导航定位技术,首先介绍了视觉里程计的导航定位原理;然后在卡尔曼滤波器中将GNSS定位结果和视觉里程计定位结果进行了松组合处理;并利用视觉里程计定位结果和预测的视觉里程计误差实现了GNSS在恶劣环境下的导航定位. 基于KITTI数据集的模拟验证结果表明,设计的组合方案能够在恶劣环境下持续提供可靠的导航定位. 相似文献