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1.
Mathis Bloßfeld Sergei Rudenko Alexander Kehm Natalia Panafidina Horst Müller Detlef Angermann Urs Hugentobler Manuela Seitz 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(9):1003-1021
In this paper, we consistently estimate geodetic parameters such as weekly 3-D station coordinates, Earth orientation parameters (EOP) including daily x/y-pole coordinates and the excess length of day \(\Delta \hbox {LOD}\), and selected weekly Earth’s gravitational field (Stokes) coefficients up to degree and order 6 from Satellite Laser Ranging measurements to up to 11 geodetic satellites. The SLR constellation consists of LAGEOS-1/2, Etalon-1/2, Stella, Starlette, Ajisai, Larets, LARES, BLITS and WESTPAC, and its observations cover a time span of 38 years ranging from February 16, 1979, to April 30, 2017. If multiple satellites with various altitudes and orbit inclinations are combined, correlations between estimated parameters are significantly reduced. This allows us (i) to investigate the ability of satellite constellations to reduce existing correlations and (ii) to estimate reliable parameters with higher precision compared to the standard 4-satellite constellation (LAGEOS-1/2, Etalon-1/2) which is currently used by the International Laser Ranging Service for the determination of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) and EOP products. In particular, the Stokes coefficients, EOP and TRF datum parameters (three translations, three rotations, one scale factor), which are highly correlated with satellite-specific orbit parameters, are improved. From our investigations, we found for an 11-satellite solution compared to the above-mentioned 4-satellite solution a decrease in the scatter of the TRF datum parameters of up to 37%, the transformation residuals are decreased by up to 22%, the scatter of the EOP is decreased by up to 22%, and their mean values are decreased by up to 84% w.r.t. the reference solutions. The largest improvement is obtained for the Stokes coefficients which significantly benefit from a combination of multiple satellites (inclinations and orbit altitudes). In total, single coefficients are improved by up to 93% and the overall improvement is up to 74%. Moreover, it could be clearly identified that Ajisai significantly disturbs the TRF solution due to an erroneous center-of-mass correction. We further quantify the impact of specific satellites on the determination of different geodetic parameters and finally evaluate the potential of the existing SLR-tracked spherical satellite constellation to support the goals of GGOS. 相似文献
2.
当前地震、地质灾害等现象的频繁发生,表明对于地壳运动尤其是垂直方向的研究是迫切而必需的,而研究垂直地壳运动的一个重要前提就是其参考基准的确立。针对目前国内外对于全球垂直地壳运动参考基准不统一的现状,分析了研究全球统一的垂直地壳运动参考基准的必要性,提出将ITRF2008框架下获取的SLR的垂向速度场作为全球垂直地壳运动参考基准的方案,论证了该方案的合理性,并利用GPS和VLBI的观测数据,求取了其速度场与SLR垂直基准之间的系统差,分析了产生不同大小且方向各异系统差的原因,实现了各速度场与全球垂直地壳运动参考基准的统一。由于该基准包含了较为丰富的地球物理信息,具有可发展、可提高以及直接相对于地球质心等特性,因此,我们推荐将ITRF2008框架下SLR技术获取的垂向速度场定义为全球垂直地壳运动的参考基准。 相似文献
3.
Susanne Glaser Rolf König Dimitrios Ampatzidis Tobias Nilsson Robert Heinkelmann Frank Flechtner Harald Schuh 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):723-733
In this study, we assess the impact of two combination strategies, namely local ties (LT) and global ties (GT), on the datum realization of Global Terrestrial Reference Frames in view of the Global Geodetic Observing System requiring 1 mm-accuracy. Simulated Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data over a 7 year time span was used. The LT results show that the geodetic datum can be best transferred if the precision of the LT is at least 1 mm. Investigating different numbers of LT, the lack of co-located sites on the southern hemisphere is evidenced by differences of 9 mm in translation and rotation compared to the solution using all available LT. For the GT, the combination applying all Earth rotation parameters (ERP), such as pole coordinates and UT1-UTC, indicates that the rotation around the Z axis cannot be adequately transferred from VLBI to SLR within the combination. Applying exclusively the pole coordinates as GT, we show that the datum can be transferred with mm-accuracy within the combination. Furthermore, adding artificial stations in Tahiti and Nigeria to the current VLBI network results in an improvement in station positions by 13 and 12%, respectively, and in ERP by 17 and 11%, respectively. Extending to every day VLBI observations leads to 65% better ERP estimates compared to usual twice-weekly VLBI observations. 相似文献
4.
We examined the sensitivity of estimates of global sea-level rise obtained from GPS-corrected long term tide gauge records to uncertainties in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) realization. A useful transfer function was established, linking potential errors in the reference frame datum (origin and scale) to resulting errors in the estimate of global sea level rise. Contrary to scale errors that are propagated by a factor of 100%, the impact of errors in the origin depends on the network geometry. The geometry of the network analyzed here resulted in an error propagation factor of 50% for the Z component of the origin, mainly due to the asymmetry in the distribution of the stations between hemispheres. This factor decreased from 50% to less than 10% as the geometry of the network improved using realistic potential stations that did not yet meet the selection criteria (e.g., record length, data availability). Conversely, we explored new constraints on the reference frame by considering forward calculations involving tide gauge records. A reference frame could be found in which the scatter of the regional sea-level rates was limited. The resulting reference frame drifted by 1.36 ± 0.22? mm/year from the ITRF2000 origin in the Z component and by ?0.44 ± 0.22?mm/year from the ITRF2005 origin. A bound on the rate of global sea level rise of 1.2 to 1.6?mm/year was derived for the past century, depending on the origin of the adopted reference frame. The upper bound is slightly lower than previous estimates of 1.8?mm/year discussed in the IPCC fourth report. 相似文献
5.
The 2008 DGFI realization of the ITRS: DTRF2008 总被引：11，自引：11，他引：0
Manuela Seitz Detlef Angermann Mathis Blo?feld Hermann Drewes Michael Gerstl 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(12):1097-1123
A new realization of the International Terrestrial System was computed at the ITRS Combination Centre at DGFI as a contribution to ITRF2008. The solution is labelled DTRF2008. In the same way as in the DGFI computation for ITRF2005 it is based on either normal equation systems or estimated parameters derived from VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS observations by weekly or session-wise processing. The parameter space of the ITRS realization comprises station positions and velocities and daily resolved Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), whereby for the first time also nutation parameters are included. The advantage of starting from time series of input data is that the temporal behaviour of geophysical parameters can be investigated to decide whether the parameters can contribute to the datum realization of the ITRF. In the same way, a standardized analysis of station position time series can be performed to detect and remove discontinuities. The advantage of including EOP in the ITRS realization is twofold: (1) the combination of the coordinates of the terrestrial pole—estimated from all contributing techniques—links the technique networks in two components of the orientation, leading to an improvement of consistency of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) and (2) in their capacity as parameters common to all techniques, the terrestrial pole coordinates enhance the selection of local ties as they provide a measure for the consistency of the combined frame. The computation strategy of DGFI is based on the combination of normal equation systems while at the ITRS Combination Centre at IGN solutions are combined. The two independent ITRS realizations provide the possibility to assess the accuracy of ITRF by comparison of the two frames. The accuracy evaluation was done separately for the datum parameters (origin, orientation and scale) and the network geometry. The accuracy of the datum parameters, assessed from the comparison of DTRF2008 and ITRF2008, is between 2–5?mm and 0.1–0.8?mm/year depending on the technique. The network geometry (station positions and velocities) agrees within 3.2?mm and 1.0?mm/year. A comparison of DTRF2008 and ITRF2005 provides similar results for the datum parameters, but there are larger differences for the network geometry. The internal accuracy of DTRF2008—that means the level of conservation of datum information and network geometry within the combination—was derived from comparisons with the technique-only multi-year solutions. From this an internal accuracy of 0.32?mm for the VLBI up to 3.3?mm for the DORIS part of the network is found. The internal accuracy of velocities ranges from 0.05?mm/year for VLBI to 0.83?mm/year for DORIS. The internal consistency of DTRF2008 for orientation can be derived from the analysis of the terrestrial pole coordinates. It is estimated at 1.5–2.5?mm for the GPS, VLBI and SLR parts of the network. The consistency of these three and the DORIS network part is within 6.5?mm. 相似文献
6.
全球高程基准统一是继全球大地测量坐标系及其参考基准统一之后,大地测量学科面临和亟待解决的一个重要问题,也是全球空间信息共享与交换的基础。本文针对区域高程基准与全球高程基准间基准差异确定的理论、方法及实际问题开展研究。利用物理大地测量高程系统的经典理论方法,给出了高程基准差异的定义,并推导了计算基准差异的严密公式,该公式可将高程基准差异确定的现有3种方法统一起来。在此基础上,分析顾及了不同椭球参数对于计算基准差异的影响及量级,同时,高程异常差法还需考虑全球高程基准重力位与模型计算大地水准面位值不一致引起的零阶项改正。利用青岛原点附近152个GPS水准点数据,分别选择GRS80、WGS-84、CGCS2000参考椭球以及EGM2008、EIGEN-6C4、SGG-UGM-1模型,采用位差法和高程异常差法,确定了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准的差异。其中,EIGEN-6C4模型计算的我国高程基准与WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U0定义的全球高程基准之间的差异约为-23.1cm。也就是说,我国高程基准低于采用WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U0定义的全球高程基准,当选取基于平均海面确定的Gauss-Listing大地水准面作为全球高程基准时,我国1985高程基准高于全球基准约21.0cm。从计算结果还可看出,当前重力场模型在青岛周边不同GPS/水准点的精度差别依然较大,这会导致选择不同数据对确定我国85国家高程基准与全球基准之间的差异影响较大,因此,若要实现厘米级精度区域高程基准与全球高程基准的统一,全球重力场模型的精度和可靠性还需要进一步提高。 相似文献
7.
8.
We apply global optimization in order to optimize the referencing (and consequently the stability) of the Earth Orientation
Parameters (EOP) with respect to ITRF2005. These EOP are derived at a daily sampling from SLR data, simultaneously with weekly
station positions. The EOP referencing is carried out with minimum constraints applied weekly to the three rotations and over
core station networks. Our approach is based on a multi objective genetic algorithm, a particular stochastic global optimization
method, the reference system effects being the objectives to minimize. We thus use rigorous criteria for the optimal weekly
core station selection. The results evidence an improvement of 10% of the stability for Polar Motion (PM) series in comparison
to the results obtained with the network specially designed for EOP referencing by the Analysis Working Group of the International
Laser Ranging Service. This improvement of nearly 25 μas represents 50% of the current precision of the IERS 05 C04 PM reference
series. We also test the possibility of averaging the weekly networks provided by our algorithm (the Genetically Modified
Networks—GMN) over the whole time period. Although the dynamical nature of the GMN is clearly a key point of their success,
we can derive such a global mean core network, which could be useful for practical applications regarding EOP referencing.
Using this latter core network moreover provides more stable EOP series than the conventional network does. 相似文献
9.
Daniela Thaller Rolf Dach Manuela Seitz Gerhard Beutler Maria Mareyen Bernd Richter 《Journal of Geodesy》2011,85(5):257-272
Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites may be used for several
purposes. On one hand, the range measurement may be used as an independent validation for satellite orbits derived solely
from GNSS microwave observations. On the other hand, both observation types may be analyzed together to generate a combined
orbit. The latter procedure implies that one common set of orbit parameters is estimated from GNSS and SLR data. We performed
such a combined processing of GNSS and SLR using the data of the year 2008. During this period, two GPS and four GLONASS satellites
could be used as satellite co-locations. We focus on the general procedure for this type of combined processing and the impact
on the terrestrial reference frame (including scale and geocenter), the GNSS satellite antenna offsets (SAO) and the SLR range
biases. We show that the combination using only satellite co-locations as connection between GNSS and SLR is possible and
allows the estimation of SLR station coordinates at the level of 1–2 cm. The SLR observations to GNSS satellites provide the
scale allowing the estimation of GNSS SAO without relying on the scale of any a priori terrestrial reference frame. We show
that the necessity to estimate SLR range biases does not prohibit the estimation of GNSS SAO. A good distribution of SLR observations
allows a common estimation of the two parameter types. The estimated corrections for the GNSS SAO are 119 mm and −13 mm on
average for the GPS and GLONASS satellites, respectively. The resulting SLR range biases suggest that it might be sufficient
to estimate one parameter per station representing a range bias common to all GNSS satellites. The estimated biases are in
the range of a few centimeters up to 5 cm. Scale differences of 0.9 ppb are seen between GNSS and SLR. 相似文献
10.
随着全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的完善,以及海洋工程的日趋增多,对于区域海洋无缝垂直基准建模及其转换精度的要求也不断提高。本文针对建立我国区域海洋无缝垂直基准体系的现状进行探讨,概要性地介绍了有关模型的建立和海洋垂直基准间的转换方法,并配案例,为相关领域的研究者提供了技术参考。 相似文献
11.
In geodetic and geophysical applications of GPS, it is important to realize the ephemerides of the GPS satellites and the coordinates of station positions in a consistent reference system. At present, more than one reference system is being used by various GPS users depending on their specific applications. The WGS-84 and various reference frames based on satellite laser ranging (SLR), very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), or a combination of SLR and VLBI are the most commonly used in high precision geophysical applications. The WGS-84 is widely used in applications which rely on the GPS broadcast ephemeris. Station coordinates estimated in one system may have to be transformed to another for further use or for evaluation/comparison purposes. This paper presents a seven-parameter transformation between the WGS-84 and SLR/VLBI reference frames. The GPS double-differenced phase measurements for two consecutive weeks from a set of five Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) sites (defined in the WGS-84 frame) and from an augmented set of fifteen CIGNET sites (defined in the SLR/VLBI frame) were processed in a least squares estimation scheme to determine station coordinates, from which the transformation parameters were determined. A scale difference of about 0.2 ppm and an orientation difference in longitude of about 31 milliarcseconds were found to be the only parameters of significance between the adopted SLR/VLBI and the WGS-84 frames. Transformation between WGS-84 and the ITRF90 is also included, in which the scale difference is the same as before but the longitude rotation is about 16 mas. 相似文献
12.
D. S. MacMillan 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):819-829
Continuous (CONT) VLBI campaigns have been carried out about every 3 years since 2002. The basic idea of these campaigns is to acquire state-of-the-art VLBI data over a continuous time period of about 2 weeks to demonstrate the highest accuracy of which the current VLBI system is capable. In addition, these campaigns support scientific studies such as investigations of high-resolution Earth rotation, reference frame stability, and daily to sub-daily site motions. The size of the CONT networks and the observing data rate have increased steadily since 1994. Performance of these networks based on reference frame scale precision and polar motion/LOD comparison with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) earth orientation parameters (EOP) has been substantially better than the weekly operational R1 and R4 series. The precisions of CONT EOP and scale have improved by more than a factor of two since 2002. Polar motion precision based on the WRMS difference between VLBI and GNSS for the most recent CONT campaigns is at the 30 \(\upmu \)as level, which is comparable to that of GNSS. The CONT campaigns are a natural precursor to the planned future VLBI observing networks, which are expected to observe continuously. We compare the performance of the most recent CONT campaigns in 2011 and 2014 with the expected performance of the future VLBI global observing system network using simulations. These simulations indicate that the expected future precision of scale and EOP will be at least 3 times better than the current CONT precision. 相似文献
13.
建立统一的全球高程基准是国际大地测量科学界的核心目标之一,也是全球尺度地球科学研究、跨境工程应用等的必要基础设施。国际大地测量协会（international geodesy association,IAG）2015年发布了国际高程参考系统的定义,并于2019年提出了建立国际高程参考框架的目标。从全球高程参考系统的理论基础和定义出发,对国际高程参考系统与框架的理论、方法和实际问题开展论述与研究,主要包括全球大地水准面重力位
14.
The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) proposes 30–40 geodetic observatories as global infrastructure for the most accurate reference frame to monitor the global change. To reach this goal, several geodetic observatories have upgrade plans to become GGOS stations. Most initiatives are driven by national institutions following national interests. From a global perspective, the site distribution remains incomplete and the initiatives to improve this are up until now insufficient. This article is a contribution to answer the question on where to install new GGOS observatories and where to add observation techniques to existing observatories. It introduces the iterative most remote point (MRP) method for filling in the largest gaps in existing technique-specific networks. A spherical version of the Voronoi-diagram is used to pick the optimal location of the new observatory, but practical concerns determine its realistic location. Once chosen, the process is iterated. A quality and a homogeneity parameter of global networks measure the progress of improving the homogeneity of the global site distribution. This method is applied to the global networks of VGOS, and VGOS co-located with SLR to derive some clues about where additional observatory sites or additional observation techniques at existing observatories will improve the GGOS network configuration. With only six additional VGOS-stations, the homogeneity of the global VGOS-network could be significantly improved by more than \(45\,\%\) . From the presented analysis, 25 known or new co-located VGOS and SLR sites are proposed as the future GGOS backbone: Colombo, Easter Island, Fairbanks, Fortaleza, Galapagos, GGAO, Hartebeesthoek, Honiara, Ibadan, Kokee Park, La Plata, Mauritius, McMurdo, Metsahövi, Ny Alesund, Riyadh, San Diego, Santa Maria, Shanghai, Syowa, Tahiti, Tristan de Cunha, Warkworth, Wettzell, and Yarragadee. 相似文献
15.
It has been demonstrated that precise point positioning (PPP) is a powerful tool in geodetic and geodynamic applications. As is known, it provides solutions in the reference system of the satellite orbits. We focuses on the strategy to transform PPP solutions into the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) by applying a set of local Helmert transformation parameters obtained from a regional network rather than using global parameters. In order to carry out this test, a regional network composed of 14 stations was analyzed using GIPSY-OASIS II software, over a period of 6 years. Two solutions differently aligned to the ITRS were compared in terms of accuracy, scattering, frequency content and local movements. One solution is aligned to IGb08 through the X-files provided by JPL, while the other is aligned to the European reference frame densification of IGb08 using customized regional X-files. Therefore, both are updated realizations of the ITRS. The test shows that a regional, instead of a global, alignment to the ITRS can significantly improve the repeatability of the solutions. A small improvement can also be found in terms of agreement with the regional densification of IGb08. The analysis of the signal content in the differently aligned time series allowed some differences to be found, in terms of both frequency and magnitude. These differences are mainly due to an evident common signal that is defined for the whole area and which is removed when using regional alignment. Finally, residual scattering was calculated after removing the modeled signals from each time series, which results in a scatter being significantly smaller for the regional solution than for the global solution. In order to obtain these results, the choice of the reference stations is a major question and therefore discussed in detail. 相似文献
16.
Sara Bruni Paul Rebischung Susanna Zerbini Zuheir Altamimi Maddalena Errico Efisio Santi 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(4):383-399
The realization of the international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) is currently based on the data provided by four space geodetic techniques. The accuracy of the different technique-dependent materializations of the frame physical parameters (origin and scale) varies according to the nature of the relevant observables and to the impact of technique-specific errors. A reliable computation of the ITRF requires combining the different inputs, so that the strengths of each technique can compensate for the weaknesses of the others. This combination, however, can only be performed providing some additional information which allows tying together the independent technique networks. At present, the links used for that purpose are topometric surveys (local/terrestrial ties) available at ITRF sites hosting instruments of different techniques. In principle, a possible alternative could be offered by spacecrafts accommodating the positioning payloads of multiple geodetic techniques realizing their co-location in orbit (space ties). In this paper, the GNSS–SLR space ties on-board GPS and GLONASS satellites are thoroughly examined in the framework of global reference frame computations. The investigation focuses on the quality of the realized physical frame parameters. According to the achieved results, the space ties on-board GNSS satellites cannot, at present, substitute terrestrial ties in the computation of the ITRF. The study is completed by a series of synthetic simulations investigating the impact that substantial improvements in the volume and quality of SLR observations to GNSS satellites would have on the precision of the GNSS frame parameters. 相似文献
17.
It has been widely known that the use of two-frequency Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) system is limited by stringent precision
requirements of the range measurements and the proper atmospheric model. Owing to the stringent requirements, this SLR system
is impractical for the current requirement of SLR measurements within the framework of global geodetic observing system (GGOS).
If in the future this stringent requirement could be met, this SLR system would be an attractive tool to reduce atmospheric
propagation effects of SLR and would be of great benefit for the next generation of GGOS design. To anticipate possible future
developments of the two-frequency SLR systems, we have developed a new atmospheric correction formula for the two-frequency
SLR measurements. The new formula eliminates the total atmospheric density effect including its gradient and provides two
terms to calculate the curvature effect and the water vapor distribution effect. While the curvature effect can be calculated
by an accurate model, the required information about the water vapor distribution along the propagation path can be calculated
using previous developments of optical delay modeling or alternatively using results from microwave measurements. Theoretical
simulations using the two-frequency systems of the Graz and TIGO-Concepción stations shows that the new formula completely
reduces all propagation effects at any elevation angle above 3° with an accuracy better than 1 mm. However, the required precision
for the difference of the two-frequency SLR measurements, i.e. better than 45 μm for a single epoch, exceeds the capability
of the current state of the art SLR systems. 相似文献
18.
Haim B. Papo 《Journal of Geodesy》1985,59(4):378-390
The contribution of geodetic measurements to the establishment of a control network can be partitioned into global and local
(individual) components. The global component epitomized in a number of geometrically meaningful parameters can be estimated
together with the individual point coordinates. The additional rank defect created by the extension of the parameter list
is corrected by free net adjustment constraints which are extended beyond those needed for a solution of the network datum
problem. Two applications of extended free net adjustment are outlined and illustrated by elementary numerical examples. A
non-Cartesian (skew) reference system discussed in the Appendix provides an exotic interpretation of the estimated global
and individual parameters.
Prepared during a grant period (September 1984 through February 1985) while serving as a Visiting Senior Scientist in Geodesy,
National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 相似文献
19.
高精度GPS复测网的形变基准解释 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
在高精度GPS复测网的平差处理中 ,首先要选择一组已知的、精确的IGS (国际GPS地球动力学服务 )跟踪站为基准 ,并对基准站坐标施加不同的约束 ,这样就产生了不同的参考基准。在深入探讨基于不同约束的GPS网平差的参考基准及意义的基础上 ,文中推导了不同基准之间的转换关系 相似文献
20.
不同测站卫星质心不同改正对卫星激光测距定轨精度的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
质心改正是利用卫星激光测距资料进行精密定轨过程中必须修正的一项系统偏差,数值模拟和理论分析均已显示,由于卫星形状效应,质心改正存在对测站系统运行模式的依赖性,即不同测站对卫星质心的改正是不同的。本文首次分析了这种依赖性对卫星定轨精度的影响。长时间序列的统计结果表明,与全球统一测站卫星质心改正相比,采用不同测站卫星质心不同改正系统性地提高了短弧定轨精度。对Lageos-1/2,平均提高约0.4毫米;对Etalon-1/2,平均提高约0.6毫米。在各种相关应用对卫星激光测距数据处理精度要求迈向毫米级的今天,有必要考虑不同测站卫星质心不同改正。 相似文献