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T. O. Babayan 《Seismic Instruments》2014,50(2):148-154
This paper deals with the studies for determining the degree of seismic hazard of grounds by taking into account all possible most important factors that influence their seismic hazard degree. The procedure, which is developed by the author on the basis of new approaches to solve this problem multilaterally, is presented. The characteristics of the behavior and quantitative estimate of seismic intensity amplification of soft and stiff grounds under seismic effects are shown. 相似文献
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Remobilization, bioavailability, and potential toxicity of chemical contaminants were evaluated at the 4H shell mounds – the site of abandoned offshore oil and gas production platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel region of the Southern California Bight. Evaluations used a weight-of-evidence approach based on results from bulk phase chemical analyses and laboratory toxicity testing of shell mound cores, in situ field bioassays using caged mussels, and surficial sediment chemistry. Shell mound cores contained elevated concentrations of metals associated with drilling wastes (e.g., Ba, Cr, Pb, and Zn), as well as monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The highest concentrations along with pockets of free oil were associated with the middle “cuttings” stratum. Sediments composited from all core strata caused significant acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of Ba and PAHs in test organisms during laboratory exposures. In contrast, caged mussels placed at each of the shell mounds for a period of 57–58 days had greater than 90% survival, and there were no significant differences in survival of mussels placed at the shell mounds and corresponding reference sites. While all mussel samples exhibited increases in shell length, whole animal weight, and tissue lipid content, in some cases growth metrics for the shell mound mussels were significantly higher than those for the reference sites. Concentrations of metals, PAHs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tissues of the shell mound mussels were not significantly different from those at reference sites. The presence of labile aromatic hydrocarbons in shell mound cores and absence of significant contaminant accumulation of tissues of caged mussels indicated that chemical contaminants are not being remobilized from the 4H shell mounds. Surficial bottom sediments near the shell mounds contained elevated Ba concentrations that probably were associated with drilling wastes. However, concentrations did not exhibit clear spatial gradients with distance from the shell mounds. Despite a number of storm events during the mussel exposures, maximum currents were 34 cm s−1 and unlikely to erode materials from the shell mounds. Thus, Ba distributions in bottom sediments probably were due to episodic disturbance such as platform removal or trawling rather than ongoing erosion and dispersion of shell mound solids by near-bottom currents. These results suggest that, in the absence of physical disturbances, contaminants are expected to remain sequestered in the shell mounds. 相似文献
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A procedure to calculate the three-dimensional harmonic response of a infinitely long cylindrical shell of circular cross-section embedded in a layered viscoelastic half-space and subjected to harmonic plane waves impinging at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the shell is validated by extensive comparisons with previous two- and three-dimensional results for the particular case of a shell embedded in a uniform half-space. New numerical results describing the motion and stresses within a shell embedded in a multilayered half-space and subjected to obliquely incident P-, SV- and SH-waves with different horizontal angles of incidence are presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Electromagnetic response characteristics of an inhomogeneous permeable cylinder surrounded by a thin insulated concentric dissipative shell is obtained in presence of a line-source of current. The 3-layer boundary value problem is solved by assuming the thickness of the shell to be much smaller than the skin-depth in the shell. Numerically computed results are presented in the form of argand diagrams to examine the influence of the shell parameters (conductivity and its proximity with the core) and magnetic contrast. The multi-frequency response of the system is also given which resolves the two conducting layers and analyzes the frequency dependence of screening behavior of the shell.N.G.R.I. Contribution No. 282. 相似文献
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A method to obtain the three-dimensional harmonic response of a infinitely long cylindrical shell of circular cross-section embedded in a layered viscoelastic half-space and subjected to harmonic plane waves impinging at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of the shell is presented. The procedure combines an indirect integral representation for the field in the exterior half-space with a model of the pipeline or tunnel based on Donnell shell theory. The integral representation for the soil is based on the use of moving Green's functions for the layered viscoelastic half-space. The accuracy of the formulation is tested by comparison of results obtained by using different discretizations. Extensive comparisons with previous two- and three-dimensional results for the case of a shell embedded in a uniform half-space and some new numerical results for a shell embedded in a multilayered half-space are presented in a companion paper. 相似文献
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为研究单层球面网壳结构在多点冲击荷载作用下的失效机理,在ANSYS/LS-DYNA中建立了60m跨度的Kiewitt 6型单层球面网壳结构的有限元模型,将整个网壳结构沿肋杆分成6个不同扇区,沿环杆分成5个不同环区,分别对网壳结构在同一环区和同一扇区受到多点冲击时的动力响应及冲击全过程能量传递的规律进行了分析研究。基于网壳结构失效变形特点,定义了多点冲击荷载作用下单层球面网壳结构的4类失效模式;根据整个冲击过程中能量的传递特点,揭示了单层球面网壳结构每类失效模式所对应的失效机理。 相似文献
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Summary Effects of non-homogeneity in respect of rigidity have been computed in the case of a gravitating sphere with a rigid core. For an isotropic spherical shell the effect of variation of rigidity has been calculated when the shell is under pressure or when the shell is subjected to some steady temperature on its internal surface. 相似文献
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Abstract Numerical simulations of thermal convection in a rapidly rotating spherical fluid shell with and without inhomogeneous temperature anomalies on the top boundary have been carried out using a three-dimensional, time-dependent, spectral-transform code. The spherical shell of Boussinesq fluid has inner and outer radii the same as those of the Earth's liquid outer core. The Taylor number is 107, the Prandtl number is 1, and the Rayleigh number R is 5Rc (Rc is the critical value of R for the onset of convection when the top boundary is isothermal and R is based on the spherically averaged temperature difference across the shell). The shell is heated from below and cooled from above; there is no internal heating. The lower boundary of the shell is isothermal and both boundaries are rigid and impermeable. Three cases are considered. In one, the upper boundary is isothermal while in the others, temperature anomalies with (l,m) = (3,2) and (6,4) are imposed on the top boundary. The spherically averaged temperature difference across the shell is the same in all three cases. The amplitudes of the imposed temperature anomalies are equal to one-half of the spherically averaged temperature difference across the shell. Convective structures are strongly controlled by both rotation and the imposed temperature anomalies suggesting that thermal inhomogeneities imposed by the mantle on the core have a significant influence on the motions inside the core. The imposed temperature anomaly locks the thermal perturbation structure in the outer part of the spherical shell onto the upper boundary and significantly modifies the velocity structure in the same region. However, the radial velocity structure in the outer part of the shell is different from the temperature perturbation structure. The influence of the imposed temperature anomaly decreases with depth in the shell. Thermal structure and velocity structure are similar and convective rolls are more columnar in the inner part of the shell where the effects of rotation are most dominant. 相似文献
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In this work, four kinds of natural seashells (clam shell, oyster shell, scallop shell, and conch shell) are investigated as catalysts for the Knoevenagel reaction to produce arylmethylenemalonitriles, among which conch shells show the highest catalytic activity due to their mixed phases of calcite and aragonite, resulting in the relatively weak base strength and fewer number of basic sites. Solvent effect and catalyst usage are systematically investigated, and conch shells show high universality for nine aromatic aldehydes to produce the desired products with high yield in short time under optimized conditions. In addition, this catalyst possesses good recyclability and could be used four times without obvious deactivation. In all, conch shell is an efficient, low‐cost, green, and recyclable catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction. 相似文献
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An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction The history of research work on the response of buried pipeline under the fault movement hasbeen about 30 years. Several simplified design methods have been proposed to obtain the maxi-mum stress or strain in pipe. These methods include the theoretical method and the finite elementmethod (FEM). In the theoretical method, the pipe is usually modeled as a cable (Newmark, Hall1975; Kennedy, et al, 1977) or a beam (Wang, Wang, 1995; LIU, ZHANG, 2002). These theoreti-cal me… 相似文献
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Within the framework of ecosystem-based management, we focused on the use of seasonal closures as effective measures to minimise the degradation of benthic communities by trawling. These closures imply the complete cessation of trawling fleet activity and are commonly used in the Mediterranean to reduce the annual fishing effort, with the ultimate goal of effective resource management. In this study, we aimed to investigate how epibenthic communities respond to seasonal closures. The potential benefits of short-term annual closures in two Mediterranean fishing grounds were evaluated by analysing changes in community structure and composition that were linked to the closure. A decrease of faunal abundance was observed with the resumption of fishing activity after the closure at both fishing grounds. Remarkably, results indicated that some large and mobile fauna were able to respond to these closures. We concluded that the currently planned closures are too short to benefit benthic communities. 相似文献
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A new shell finite element method (FEM) model with an equivalent boundary is presented for estimating the response of a buried
pipeline under large fault movement. The length of affected pipeline under fault movement is usually too long for a shell-mode
calculation because of the limitation of memory and time of computers. In this study, only the pipeline segment near fault
is modeled with plastic shell elements to study the local buckling and the large section deformation in pipe. The material
property of pipe segment far away from the fault is considered as elastic, and nonlinear spring elements at equivalent boundaries
are obtained and applied to two ends of shell model. Compared with the fixed-boundary shell model, the shell model with an
equivalent boundary proposed by the study can remarkably reduce the needed memory and calculating time.
Foundation item: National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (50078049).
Contribution No. 04FE1017, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
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A study of the effects of soil-pile-structure interaction on the response of rotational shell structures supported by a group of vertical piles is presented. The interaction effects are included in the dynamic analysis through the development of a frequency dependent boundary system at the interface between the shell and the underlying foundation. The substructure method is used to simplify the connection problem between the shell and the pile foundation. A free vibration analysis of a cooling tower is carried out to investigate the dynamic properties of rotational shells with four different foundation stiffnesses. The effects of soil-pile-structure interaction on the response in the shell are demonstrated by a complex response analysis of a cooling tower. 相似文献
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For coupled vibration analyses of prismatic shell structures immersed in an infinite fluid medium, a composite element consisting of a semi-analytical infinite fluid element and a cylindrical shell strip element is proposed in this paper. The behaviour in the infinite direction can be accurately modelled with minimum effort and great saving in computational cost is achieved using this element. Unlike many other methods which tend to take advantage of axisymmetry to simplify the analysis, this method may be used to analyse the dynamic behaviour of prismatic shell structures with arbitrary cross-sections in offshore engineering. 相似文献
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黏滞阻尼器在单层网壳结构中的优化布置 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前采用黏滞阻尼器对单层网壳结构进行减振控制时,阻尼器最优布置位置通过试算确定。针对此问题,推导了地震作用下黏滞阻尼器耗能公式,提出了以能量比例系数为评价指标的阻尼器优化布置准则。以单层球面网壳和单层柱面网壳为例,对比分析了地震作用下分别采用优化布置准则与现有布置方式布置阻尼器时结构最大节点位移减振系数,验证了所提出优化布置准则的正确性及在单层球面网壳和单层柱面网壳中的适用性。 相似文献
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S. K. Biswas 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1969,73(1):39-42
Summary In the present note the author has considered the torsional vibration of a cylindrical shell of non-homogeneous material whose rigidity and density vary linearly with distance from the axis of the shell. It is assumed that one end of the shell is fixed while the other end is acted on by a periodic shearing force, both the inner and the outer curved surface being free from stress at all times. 相似文献
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在基于GPS数据提取电离层总电子含量(TEC)的过程中,电离层薄壳高度的选择对解算电离层垂直TEC的精度有很大的影响.但由于不可能获得一个真实的从电离层D层到GPS卫星高度的电子密度剖面,关于电离层薄壳高度的选择一直是基于GPS数据解算电离层TEC方法中关注的一个问题.本文利用等离子体GCPM模型,对太阳活动高年(2002)和太阳活动低年(2008)情况下电离层有效薄壳高度的选择进行了仿真计算.结果表明,最佳的薄壳高度在2002年为560 km,而在2008年为695 km.通过对全球八个具有代表性地点的仿真计算,揭示了有效薄壳高度更复杂的变化特点.在白天,最佳薄壳的高度变化不大(500 km至750 km);但在夜晚,最佳薄壳高度变化范围很大,甚至可以超过2000 km.此外,本文还对不同卫星仰角的情况下斜向TEC转换为垂直TEC的误差进行了分析,结果表明:随着卫星仰角的增加,薄壳模型带来的转换误差基本上是单调减少的.因而,在实际应用中,尽可能地采用大仰角的卫星数据有助于提高解算的电离层垂直TEC的精度.最后,对全球不同地点的电离层TEC的仿真研究表明,在电子密度水平梯度较大的地区,应用电离层薄壳模型时会导致电子密度较高处的TEC被高估,而电子密度较低处的TEC被低估,在分析基于GPS数据提取的电离层TEC空间变化时要认识到这一点. 相似文献