共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
E.V. Stanev J. Staneva J.L. Bullister J.W. Murray 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):2137-2169
Data from field observations and numerical model simulations are used to understand and quantify the pathways by which passive tracers penetrate into the Black Sea intermediate and deep layers. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations measured during the1988 R.V. Knorr cruise show strong decrease with increasing density in the Black Sea and illustrate the very slow rate of ventilation of deep water in this basin. We develop a 3D numerical model based on the Modular Ocean Model (MOM), and calibrate it in a way to produce consistent simulations of observed temperature, salinity and CFCs. One important feature is the implementation of a special parameterization for convection, which is an alternative of the convective adjustment in MOM and handles the penetration of the Bosporus plume into the halocline. The model forcing includes interannually variable wind, heat and water fluxes constructed from Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set and ECMWF atmospheric analysis data and river runoff data. The analysis of observations and simulated data are focused on correlations between thermohaline and tracer fields, dynamic control of ventilation, and the relative contributions of sources at the sea surface and outflow from the Bosporus Strait in the formation of intermediate and deep waters. A simple theory is developed which incorporates the outflow from the strait along with the vertical circulation (vertical turbulent mixing and Ekman upwelling) and reveals their mutual adjustment. The analyses of simulated and observed CFCs demonstrate that most of the CFC penetrating the deep layers has its source at the sea surface within the Black Sea rather than from the Marmara Sea via the Bosporus undercurrent. Under present-day conditions, the surface CFC signals have reached only the upper halocline. Intrusions below 600 m are not simulated. The major pathways of penetration of CFCs are associated with cold-water mass formation sites, Bosporus effluent, as well as with the diapycnal mixing in the area of Rim Current. Future CFC sampling strategies coherent with the unique conditions in the Black Sea are discussed. 相似文献
2.
针对海上油气平台信息不足的问题,开展多源卫星遥感的油气平台识别方法研究。基于Landsat-8光学遥感影像(2018—2021年)应用阈值分割法、K-means分类法和最大似然分类法分别识别出渤海海域油气平台136座、166座和113座;基于Sentinel-1 SAR影像(2018—2021年)应用阈值分割法识别出油气平台338座;对上述结果进行决策级融合,识别出渤海油气平台428座。利用ZY-3高分辨率影像对融合方法的识别结果进行验证,结果显示识别油气平台的正确率达到85.2%,错判率、漏判率分别为10.9%和3.9%;油气平台位置与相关文献和公开资料一致。研究结果表明,决策级融合方法能够实现海上油气平台的有效判别,具有推广、应用价值。 相似文献
3.
同化技术在渤海溢油应急预报系统中的应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
溢油应急预报对溢油事故现场处理具有重要指导意义。国内外已开展大量溢油数值预报技术研究,但由于各类误差的引入(尤其风和流数值预报误差的引入)以及模型本身的不完善等各种原因导致溢油数值预报无法满足日益提高的溢油预报精度需求。随着现场观测技术和监测水平的提高,如何充分利用实时观测数据提高业务化溢油应急预报精度,并满足应急预报迅速快捷的要求,成为目前业务化溢油应急预报的首要问题。国家海洋环境预报中心于2008年实现了渤海溢油业务化预报系统的建立和业务化应用,本文针对当前渤海溢油业务化应急预报中存在的现实问题,利用已有渤海海上5个石油平台从2010年1月至2011年2月的风场观测数据,初步开展最优插值方法(optimal interpolation assimilation method,OI)同化技术在国家海洋环境预报中心渤海溢油应急预报系统风场订正的应用研究。本文采用交错订正方法,确定了OI同化技术中相关尺度因子的选取,从而实现在这5个观测站地理分布情况下,OI同化技术应用中参数的最优化,之后在理想实验和实际案例的应用中,该同化方法明显提高渤海溢油预报精度。本文为如何进一步利用同化方法迅速快捷地实现溢油应急预报精度的提高提供了一定研究基础。 相似文献
4.
The paper analyses results of the numerical simulation of upwelling events in the north-western part of the Black Sea, mostly
near the South Crimea. The calculations were performed using a numerical model based on primitive hydrodynamics equations.
Emphasis is laid on the case when a salinity front simulating the Black Sea rim current is prescribed in the initial conditions.
The interaction of the Black Sea rim current's stream with the coastline and bottom topography leads to the development of
an upwelling near the Crimea's coast, even in the absence of wind forcing. The paper discusses the structure of the three-dimensional
circulation of waters in the shelf area of the NW Black Sea. Numerical modelling results are matched up with the satellite
data obtained by the HRPT receiving station.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
5.
P. Foster 《Marine environmental research》1984,13(2):81-95
Quasi-synoptic distributions of salinity and the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the winter regime of the northern Irish Sea are presented. Salinity to nutrient regression analyses and the distributions of nutrient ratios show that the characteristics of Atlantic waters are variously modified during their northward passage through the Irish Sea. Inherently different chemical characteristics of the fresh water sources discharging into the Northern Irish Sea generate a conglomeration of water types in the area. Marine waters along the Irish coast are relatively enriched in silicon, while waters adjacent to the eastern coastal boundary are relatively enriched by anthropogenic nitrogen sources. Possible implications of the spatial dichotomy in nutrient status for the seasonal production cycle in the northern Irish Sea are considered. 相似文献
6.
Large volumes of water often are produced with oil and gas from offshore platforms. The produced water is separated from the oil and gas and either reinjected into a deep formation or discharged to the ocean. The Norwegian oil and gas industry advocates ecological risk assessment as the basis for managing produced water discharges to the North Sea. In this paper, we compare estimates of ecological risks to water-column communities based on data on hydrocarbon residues in soft tissues of blue mussels deployed for a month near offshore platforms and based on predictions of the Dose related Risk and Effect Assessment Model (DREAM). The study was performed near produced water discharges to the Tampen and Ekofisk Regions of the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea. Because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered the most important contributors to the ecological hazard posed by produced water discharges, comparisons made here focus on this group of compounds. The mussel approach is based on predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of individual PAH, estimated from PAH residues in mussels following deployment for a month near several produced water discharges, and predicted no effects concentrations (PNECs) based on a K(ow) regression model. In the DREAM method, PECs for three PAH fractions are estimated in the three-dimensional area around produced water discharge with the DREAM model. PNECs for each fraction are based on the chronic toxicity of a representative PAH from each fraction divided by an assessment factor to account for uncertainty in the chronic value. The mussel method gives much lower estimates of ecological risk than the DREAM method. The differences are caused by the much lower PNECs used in DREAM than derived from the regression model, and by the lower concentrations of aqueous PAH predicted by DREAM than estimated from PAH residues in mussel tissues. However, the two methods rank stations at different distances from produced water discharges in the same order and both identify 2- and 3-ring PAHs as the main contributors to the ecological risk of produced water discharges. Neither method identifies a significant ecological risk of PAH in the upper water column of the oil fields. The DREAM model may produce an overly conservative estimate of ecological risk of produced water discharges to the North Sea. 相似文献
7.
We discuss specific features of the space distribution and the processes of assimilation and oxidation of the dissolved and emulsified fractions of oil hydrocarbons in Black-Sea waters and study the methods of parametrization of these processes proposed in the literature. We develop a procedure of parametrization of the processes of degradation of oil hydrocarbons taking into account their complex chemical compositions, characteristics of chemical and microbiological processes, and temperature dependences of these processes and perform numerical experiments aimed at the reconstruction of the seasonal variations of the large-scale space structure of the distribution of oil hydrocarbons in the aerobic zone of the Black Sea. 相似文献
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将海上石油平台改建为人工鱼礁是一种理想的退役平台处置方式,流场对人工鱼礁发挥功效起着重要作用,而目前对平台造礁的流场效应仍有待研究。基于埕岛油田退役平台造礁示范工程,构建了渤海埕岛油田海域三维水动力数值模型,在实际海况条件下定量研究不同规模平台造礁对流场影响效应。结果表明：当布设鱼礁山后,在鱼礁山两侧及上方沿水平来流方向均形成流速增大区域,而迎流面和背流面出现了流速减小区域;与无鱼礁山时相比,随着鱼礁山高度增加和来流速度增大,鱼礁山区域流速变化幅度和变化区域面积逐渐增大,且鱼礁山高度对流速影响范围更大,来流速度则决定流速变化幅度;在垂向上会产生明显的上升流与背涡流,随着水平来流速度增大,鱼礁山高度对垂向流场的影响程度逐渐减小。 相似文献
11.
The oil companies operating in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea have conducted field studies since the mid-1990s to monitor produced water discharges to the ocean. These studies have been used to refine monitoring methods, and to develop and validate a dispersion and impact assessment model. This paper summarizes monitoring data from surveys conducted in two major oil and gas production areas, and compares the results to concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in surface waters predicted by the dose-related risk and effect assessment model (DREAM). Blue mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in the Ekofisk and Tampen Regions and analyzed for more than 50 PAH. PAH concentrations in ambient seawater were estimated based on the mussels and SPMD concentrations, and compared to model predictions. Surface water total PAH concentrations ranged from 25 to 350 ng/L within 1 km of the platform discharges and reached background levels of 4-8 ng/L within 5-10 km of the discharge; a 100,000-fold dilution of the PAH in the discharge water. The PAH concentrations in surface water, predicted by three methods, compared well for the Ekofisk Region. The model predicted higher concentrations than the field-based methods for parts of the Tampen Region; particularly the most tidally influenced areas. Tidally-mediated fluctuations in PAH concentrations in surface water must be considered because they affect the estimation of PAH concentrations from mussel and SPMD residue data, and the predictions by the DREAM model. Predictions using mussels, SPMDs, and modeling support and complement each other; all are valuable tools for estimating the fate and impact of chemical contaminants in produced water that are discharged to the ocean. 相似文献
12.
Per Bruun 《Ocean Engineering》1976,3(5):361-368
Existing and planned North Sea offshore structures for exploration (drillings) and structures for exploitation (production platforms) are mentioned. Introductorily the mereorological conditions, wave climate and bottom composition in the North Sea are reviewed briefly. They are determining factors for design as well as for operation. Furthermore a brief account on present and planned activities on exploration for and exploitation of oil and gas in the North Sea is given. 相似文献
13.
为深入研究井喷和管道破损等海底事故后溢油在水下环境中的输移扩散过程,文章利用自制的组合式环形水槽（周长9.7 m、宽0.45 m、深1 m）,以阿曼原油与消油剂混合物和淡水（含示踪剂）为模拟污染物,初步开展静水和动水环境中海底溢油浮射流的物理模拟实验,并应用基于拉格朗日积分方法的水下溢油浮射流模型进行数值模拟比较分析。研究结果表明:静水环境中,水下溢油浮射流主要沿喷口的垂直中心线向水面输移扩散;非均匀流动水环境中,横流速度越大,浮射流输移轨迹的弯曲程度越明显;数值模拟的浮射流轨迹总体上与实验观测结果符合较好;研究结果可为今后相关物理实验和数值模型的改进研究提供有益参考。 相似文献
14.
Numerical sea ice prediction in China 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
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15.
We improve and extend the set of parametrizations of chemical and biological processes governing the assimilation of the emulsion-dissolved
fraction of hydrocarbons in marine media with regard for the oxidation-reduction conditions in the oxycline and in the aerobic,
suboxic, and anaerobic zones of the Black Sea. The numerical experiments aimed the reconstruction of the vertical and spatial
distributions of hydrocarbons are performed. The increase in the number of fractions of hydrocarbons from three to five, taking
into account the influence of the concentration of oxygen, and the analysis of the processes of anaerobic and photochemical
oxidation of hydrocarbons make it possible to construct a numerical model of distribution of hydrocarbons in the aerobic and
anaerobic waters of the sea and get good quantitative agreement between the results of numerical experiments and the data
of observations.
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Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 6, pp. 53–67, November–December, 2006. 相似文献
16.
蓬莱19-3 油田事故溢油数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用FVCOM(Finite-volume coastal ocean numerical model)数值模型和MM5风场预报模式,在对渤海海域水动力场进行数值模拟的基础上,基于"油粒子"的欧拉-拉格朗日跟踪法和随机走动原理,并考虑风对溢油油膜漂移扩散的直接作用,建立了海洋溢油油膜漂移轨迹和扩散的数值预测模型。利用建立的模型对2011年6月蓬莱19-3油田事故溢油进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与RADARSAT卫星遥感监测数据相吻合。研究结果表明:在渤海中部地区夏季事故溢油模拟预测中,风漂移因子取0.024最为合理,模型可用于渤海蓬莱19-3油田附近事故溢油轨迹和扩散的快速预报,从而为该区域的溢油事故应急响应提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
东海边际油气田类型主要有低渗透气田、复杂断块气田、微构造气田和高凝原油油气田等.在分析东海边际油气田开发特点和难点的基础上,按照区域整合、统筹兼顾的原则,提出了坚持勘探开发一体化,建立低渗开发先导试验区,打造区域设施中心、组建区域管网、电网,简化平台功能实现标准化设计,依托已建/拟建平台滚动扩边,论证FPSO方案作为原油外输第二出路的边际油气田开发策略,力求突破边际油气田开发壁垒,实现边际油气田低成本高效开发.其开发经验和策略对其它海域类似边际油气田高效开发具有一定的借鉴意义. 相似文献
18.
中国深水海域油气及相关资源勘探开发进展及关键技术 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
深水油气及相关资源的开发是我国解决能源紧缺问题的关键,我国南海深水海域蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,天然气水合物资源赋存也有着良好的前景.本文探讨了深水油气及相关资源开发勘探技术的进展和技术发展方向. 相似文献
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海洋移动自主观测平台在海洋观测技术中越来越为人们所倚重,发达国家相继投入了大量的研究和部署.研究一种具有全天候、长续航力的海洋移动自主观测平台是当前一系列海洋装备中的研究热点和未来趋势,尤其是最近5年,这项工作更是达到了新的高度.针对长续航力海洋移动自主观测平台的特征,文中将其分为长续航力自主潜航器系列和水下滑翔机系列两大类,结合其共性问题分析了世界各国的研究现状,并对其未来发展趋势作了展望,最后简要讨论了这些平台未来发展中的关键技术. 相似文献