共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
V. Marinos G. Prountzopoulos P. Fortsakis D. Koumoutsakos K. Korkaris D. Papouli 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(3):891-910
Existing experience from the design and construction of underground works is of major importance for the improvement of the construction methods and procedures in tunnelling, especially under adverse and complex geological and geotechnical conditions. This experience can be of great value to geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists, if data acquired through the ground investigation, the design and the construction is systematically collected, categorized and stored in a properly structured database that enables a targeted access to it, as well as to proceed to correlations and analysis, based on engineering criteria. Such a database should be carefully designed to “connect” all available data through all the phases of a tunnel project and premises deep knowledge from the geological and geotechnical investigation to the final design and construction. In order to make substantial use of the experience accumulated from the construction of a great number of tunnels, a database named Tunnel Information and Analysis System (TIAS) was developed. The data source for TIAS database was 62 tunnels of the Egnatia Highway in northern Greece, many of which have been constructed under difficult geological conditions in weak rock masses. The data processed by TIAS came from a variety of sources such as geological mapping, boreholes, laboratory and in situ testing, geotechnical classifications, engineering geological behaviour, groundwater, design parameters, information concerning immediate support measures, construction records and cost. The purpose of the system, besides incorporating extended and multi-source data for easy access, is to provide a tool for turning data into usable information for the comparison of anticipated and encountered geological and geotechnical conditions, the evaluation of geotechnical classification and design methods and the relations regarding rock mass conditions and behaviour and immediate support methods and types. 相似文献
2.
高地应力条件下,深埋隧道破碎围岩容易发生挤压大变形。挤压变形量的预测对于工程的设计与施工至关重要。经验预测方法因其形式简单、使用方便得到广泛应用,现有隧道挤压变形预测的经验法具有以下特点:(1)考虑的影响因素较少,多数仅能对挤压变形进行分级,无法给出挤压变形量;(2)现有经验变形预测方法多基于围岩Q分级系统,不能直接应用于国内的BQ分级系统。因此,基于对国内外100多条隧道变形监测数据的分析,提出一种新的适用于国内岩体基本质量指标修正值[BQ]的挤压变形预测方法。该方法综合考虑了隧道埋深、跨度、围岩强度应力比、地下水、岩体结构面等影响岩体挤压变形的多种因素。通过与多条大变形隧道监测结果的对比分析,验证了预测方法的合理性,研究成果对高地应力软岩隧道确定支护强度及提前采取超前加固措施具有十分重要的指导作用。 相似文献
3.
Summary The deformational behaviour of tunnels, which underwent large deformations, socalled squeezing, have been recently receiving great attention in the field of rock mechanics and tunnelling. Contrary to rockbursting phenomenon in which the deformation of the medium takes place instantaneously, the deformation of the surrounding rock in squeezing phenomenon takes place slowly and gradually when the resulting stress state following the excavation exceeds the strength of the surrounding medium. Although there are some proposals for the definition of squeezing rocks and prediction of their squeezing potential and deformations of tunnels in literature, it is difficult to say that they are concise and appropriate.In the first half of this paper, the squeezing phenomenon of rock about tunnels and its mechanism and associated factors are clarified by studying carefully observed failures in-situ and laboratory model tests. Then, an extensive survey of tunnels in squeezing rocks in Japan is presented and the results of this survey are summarised. In the second half of the paper, a new method is proposed to predict the squeezing potential and deformations of tunnels in squeezing rock. Then, the method is applied to actual tunnelling projects, where squeezing problems have been encountered, to check its validity and applicability. As a concrete example, an application of the method to predict the squeezing potential and deformations of the rock along a 300 m long section of an actual tunnel was made. 相似文献
4.
The squeezing potential of rock around tunnels: Theory and prediction with examples taken from Japan 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Summary Large deformations of surrounding media around tunnels are often encountered during excavations in rocks with squeezing characteristics. These deformations may sometimes continue for a long period of time. Predictions of deformations of tunnels in such grounds are urgently needed, not because of stability concerns, but also of their sevicability. In the present study, the squeezing phenomenon of rock around tunnels and its mechanism and associated factors are first clarified by carefully studying failures of tunnels, and a survey of tunnels in squeezing rocks in Japan is presented and its results are summarised. Then, a practical method is proposed to predic the squeezing potential and deformation of tunnels in squeezing rock and this method has beeen applied to actual tunnelling projects, where squeezing problems were encountered, to check its applicability and validity. Finally, an extension of this method to the time-dependent behaviour of squeezing rocks is given and an application of this method to an actual tunnel is presented. 相似文献
5.
隧道挤压型变形与支护特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对挤压型大变形问题,通过木寨岭隧道科研试验与相关资料分析,得出挤压型大变形具有变形量大、持续时间长的特点,一般两侧为变形优势部位。测试数据表明,刚性支护中围岩压力、拱架应力、锚杆轴力值均较大,其中拱架应力值可能超过材料屈服强度,边墙锚杆较拱部锚杆作用明显,围岩压力与变形增量呈反比关系;在挤压型变形隧道中允许有控制性地释放围岩变形,能够减小支护结构上的围岩压力,有利于隧道结构的长期稳定。文中阐述了可让式支护原理,对可让式支护结构预留变形量进行初步预测,数值计算表明,采用刚性支护将位移控制在较小的范围内需要足够大的刚度,而可让式支护具有能够允许围岩一定程度的变形同时减小支护结构受力的优势,可在铁路隧道中推广使用。 相似文献
6.
Manuel Rocha Medal Recipient Simulating the Time-dependent Behaviour of Excavations in Hard Rock 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
D. F. Malan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2002,35(4):225-254
Summary
Although hard rock is not usually associated with large creep deformation, data collected from the tunnels and stopes of the
deep South African gold mines illustrates significant time-dependent behaviour. Apart from application in mining, a better
understanding of the time-dependent behaviour of crystalline rock is required to analyse the long term stability of nuclear
waste repositories and to design better support for deep civil engineering tunnels in these rock types. To illustrate the
subtle problems associated with using viscoelastic theory to simulate the time-dependent behaviour of hard rock, a viscoelastic
convergence solution for the incremental enlargement of a tabular excavation is discussed. Data on the time-dependent deformation
of a tunnel developed in hard rock further illustrates the limitations of the theory, as it is unable to simulate the fracture
zone around these excavations. To simulate the rheology of the fracture zone, a continuum viscoplastic approach was developed
and implemented in a finite difference code. This proved more successful in modelling the time-dependent closure of stopes
and squeezing conditions in hard rock tunnels. A continuum approach, however, has limitations in areas where the squeezing
behaviour is dominated by the time-dependent behaviour of prominent discontinuities such as bedding planes. To overcome this
problem, a viscoplastic displacement discontinuity technique was developed. This, combined with a tessellation approach, leads
to more realistic modelling of the time-dependent behaviour of the fracture zone around excavations.
Received January 15, 2002; accepted June 3, 2002 Published online September 2, 2002 相似文献
7.
针对深埋隧道工程建设所面临的软岩大变形、岩爆、活动性断裂带、高温高湿以及隧道进出口高边坡5大主要工程问题,首先提出了一种新的适用于深埋隧道围岩大变形的支护理论——开挖补偿法,并研发了深埋隧道灾变防控核心材料——NPR锚杆/索。然后,针对性地提出了深埋隧道不同工程问题的防控对策和建议,主要包括软岩大变形隧道NPR锚网索高预紧力补偿技术、岩爆隧道能量吸收补偿技术、活动性断裂带隧道双梯度注浆强度补偿技术和NPR锚网索桁架耦合支护技术、高温高湿隧道双隔双控技术以及隧道进出口高边坡NPR锚索防治-加固-监测-预警一体化双补偿控制技术。最后,结合具体的实际工程,对深埋隧道的灾变防控应用效果进行说明,以期为未来深埋隧道工程防灾减灾提供参考和依据。 相似文献
8.
Rassoul Ajalloeian Batol Moghaddam Abdolazim Azimian 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):747-763
One of the most important steps in designing underground structures is the evaluation of ground conditions in terms of squeezing potential and behavior of the geological structures. Generally, constructing a tunnel in the squeezing condition is a very slow and difficult task. Therefore, recognition and evaluation of the squeezing potential is very important in selecting a suitable excavation method and support, especially in weak rocks. This research is concerned with the assessment of squeezing potential along tunnel T4 of water conveyance system from Azad dam to Ravansar plain with the length of 11,380 m, located between Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, west of Iran. This tunnel is in an almost NS direction and flows through the contact zone of Iran and Arabic plates. According to the engineering geological investigations, the squeezing potential has been recognized as the most important difficulty in the excavation of tunnel T4. This conclusion can be explained by the several indicators including lithology, high disintegration of rock masses, alteration of rocks on the border of Iran and Arabic plates’ contact zone, low rock mass quality, high overburden, and highly jointed rock masses in a shuffle tectonic condition. This paper deals with the engineering geological and geomechanical properties of rock masses. Then, it evaluates squeezing intensity using empirical, semi-empirical, and analytical properties methods. The analysis conducted in these work shows that the tunnel excavation would encounter squeezing problems, which is most severe in region 2 due to the effects of the major young Zagros fault. 相似文献
9.
厦门翔安隧道是国内修建的第一条海底隧道,其相关勘察、设计以及施工经验和工程总结材料将对国内其他海底隧道的建设具有十分重要的借鉴作用。与山岭隧道相比,需要解决的岩体力学与隧道工程结构设计等方面的问题不尽相同,存在不少现行规范未能涵盖而又亟待在设计中予以明确回答的问题。根据厦门翔安海底隧道风化槽强风化花岗岩的室内应力-渗流耦合试验成果,建立了强风化花岗岩的应变硬化的弹塑性模型和黏聚力演化方程,通过反演确定了模型的力学参数。研究表明,提出的应变硬化的弹塑性模型能合理地反映强风化花岗岩的力学特性,其成果具有很好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
10.
高地应力条件下层状地层隧道围岩挤压变形与支护受力特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西部地区普遍出露层片状岩体。由于强度低、自稳能力差、结构强度呈现各向异性等特点,在隧道开挖过程中常引起围岩大变形,导致初期支护结构强烈变形失稳而不得不频繁进行拆换。部分洞段二次衬砌混凝土甚至发生劈裂、掉块的破坏现象,严重影响隧道施工的进度与安全。以兰渝铁路两水隧道为工程背景,采用现场实时监测、数值模拟等手段,获取大断面隧道围岩与支护系统之间的接触压力,揭示开挖断面不同位置接触压力随时间发展规律和空间分布特征。研究结果显示,受围岩结构强度的各向异性控制,隧道开挖后支护受力极不均匀。空间上与围岩变形集中部位一致,时间上变化历时长,且由于开挖方式的影响不易稳定。初期支护钢拱架局部荷载过大而发生侧向扭曲失稳,且监测的失稳发生时间与收敛形变稳定时间相比而明显滞后。根据层状围岩的支护受力特征,提出针对此类岩体更为合理的隧道设计建议。 相似文献
11.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(5)
Rock mechanical parameters and their uncertainties are critical to rock stability analysis, engineering design, and safe construction in rock mechanics and engineering. The back analysis is widely adopted in rock engineering to determine the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock mass, but this does not consider the uncertainty. This problem is addressed here by the proposed approach by developing a system of Bayesian inferences for updating mechanical parameters and their statistical properties using monitored field data, then integrating the monitored data, prior knowledge of geotechnical parameters,and a mechanical model of a rock tunnel using Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) simulation. The proposed approach is illustrated by a circular tunnel with an analytical solution, which was then applied to an experimental tunnel in Goupitan Hydropower Station, China. The mechanical properties and strength parameters of the surrounding rock mass were modeled as random variables. The displacement was predicted with the aid of the parameters updated by Bayesian inferences and agreed closely with monitored displacements. It indicates that Bayesian inferences combined the monitored data into the tunnel model to update its parameters dynamically. Further study indicated that the performance of Bayesian inferences is improved greatly by regularly supplementing field monitoring data. Bayesian inference is a significant and new approach for determining the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock mass in a tunnel model and contributes to safe construction in rock engineering. 相似文献
12.
以江坪河水电站溢洪洞进口段为工程背景,基于大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,模拟地质地形,包括不同岩层、断层条件,采用弹塑性有限元模型和Drucker-Prager屈服准则,对溢洪洞施工全过程进行非线性数值仿真计算分析,得到了不同岩层围岩的应力和位移分布规律。通过对位移、应力场,特别是拉应力大小、深度的分析,以及塑性区和点安全系数分布等的综合分析,对溢洪洞进口段在开挖未支护和开挖后及时支护两种工况下的稳定性进行了评价。计算结果表明,隧洞进口段围岩开挖未支护时,洞顶下沉位移大,有大面积塑性区和超过岩体抗拉深度的区域,稳定性差。及时支护后,洞顶塑性区和超过岩体抗拉深度的区域减小,稳定性明显提高,但CK2强风化层支护区的点安全系数略大于1.0,且内部仍有小于1.0的区域。因此,建议CK2强风化层加强支护,最好采取钢拱架强支护措施,其结果为设计和施工提供了重要参考。 相似文献
13.
隧道围岩大变形是目前公路、铁路隧道建设中遇到的重要科学问题。工程实践中,隧道围岩大变形主要是由于围岩遭受剪切破坏而产生了流变而导致的,部分隧道的围岩大变形是由于围岩成分中的亲水矿物遇水发生水化学反应而发生体积膨胀产生的,故隧道围岩大变形可以分为应力型、材料性和结构型3类。通过全面分析前人的研究成果,可以将隧道围岩相对变形3%作为划分隧道内是否发生大变形的定量评价指标。而对于应力型围岩大变形,Hoek提出的隧道围岩径向变形和掌子面变形预测公式较好地预测了施工现场的围岩变形量,其现实意义较为明显,但需要针对不同的工程条件调整原地应力的估算公式或者考虑围岩二次应力场的赋存状态。对于材料型和结构型围岩大变形的变形量预测,目前仍然是一块研究的空白区,需要进一步开展相关工作。 相似文献
14.
大断面小净距大帽山隧道现场监控量测及分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
结合大帽山隧道的工程实践,通过围岩内部位移、拱顶沉降、围岩压力和锚杆应力的现场监控量测工作,研究复杂地质条件下大断面小净距隧道双侧壁导坑法施工时围岩的稳定性。阐明分导洞开挖时围岩内部位移的变化趋势、特点及位移场,相邻导洞施工时的相互影响,围岩与支护结构间的相互调整变形机制,拱顶沉降捕捉的变形小于围岩实际变形的原因,支护结构的压力和锚杆应力状态及其与围岩位移的变化关系。监测结果表明,大断面小净距隧道Ⅴ级围岩段的破碎带采用现有的施工工艺和支护参数是可行的,围岩变形可控,支护结构的支护效果显著,围岩基本稳定。研究的方法、分析和结论可为类似条件下隧道工程的设计、施工、监测和进一步的理论研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
15.
缓倾角层理各向异性岩体隧道稳定性的物理模型试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
层状岩体的广泛分布是地下工程无法回避的现实。以渝湘高速公路共和隧道为工程背景,采用自行研制的弹脆性模型相似材料,制作出层状岩体隧道模型。采用大型真三轴岩土工程模型试验机进行加载试验,采用围岩应变监测、洞室内窥摄影、试件破坏形态的研究与分析,从而对缓倾角层理岩体中隧道的二次应力分布特征及破坏机制进行研究。试验中还通过超载系数,提供了一个安全储备的定量评估指标。试验的破坏特征与隧道实际破坏一致,说明了模型试验的正确性,同时也为顺层偏压隧道的加固机制研究及加固设计提供了试验基础。 相似文献
16.
Summary Some comments are presented on the finite element analysis of the time dependent effects that develop when a tunnel is driven in a rock mass characterized by a viscous behaviour. First, the so called swelling and squeezing phenomena are described considering in particular rocks containing clay minerals. Subsequently the discussion is focused on the squeezing behaviour, i.e. on the time dependent increase of the shear deformation which develops with minor volume changes. Some linear and non-linear viscous constitutive laws are discussed, as well as their use in the solution of boundary value problems. Finally, the effects taking place around tunnels driven into squeezing rocks are illustrated through some numerical analyses based on these constitutive models. 相似文献
17.
近年来,中国的铁路建设技术明显提高,隧道工程的数量和长度大量增加,工程地质条件越来越复杂多样。在取得显著技术进步的同时,也在施工过程中发生了一些重大设计变更和伤亡事故。作者在参加技术调查中,从分析区域工程地质条件入手,在以往注重研究断裂构造、褶皱构造、岩石强度、岩体完整性、岩溶、特殊土等地质因素的基础上,应用岩石学、矿物学、构造地质学、岩体结构力学等基础知识,深化了对一些特殊工程地质因素的认识,确定高地应力挤压作用、极软岩挤压和卸荷作用、古老变质岩软弱夹层滑移作用、岩脉（墙）体变软化作用、顺层剪切变形作用5类地质因素,是造成隧道施工过程中发生较大规模围岩失稳、坍塌的重要条件。由于以往认识不够深入,缺乏相应的工程措施,给施工、投资、工期曾造成重大不利影响。文章结合11个工程实例,分析了这5类围岩变形失稳的特征和成因,提出了工程对策要点,以期从中吸取经验教训,减少类似问题的发生。 相似文献
18.
Summary Excessive rock pressure may cause the failure of the tunnel support resulting in large rock deformations. This phenomenon is referred to as squeezing rock behaviour. After discussion of the factors affecting squeezing the relation between rock deformation and rock pressure is described. The paper further deals with widely applied methods of excavation and support measures in squeezing rock. 相似文献
19.
基于量测位移的隧洞围岩弹性抗力系数反演方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水工隧洞工程中,岩石弹性抗力系数K反映了岩石弹性抗力的大小,是设计环节中需要确定的一个极为重要的基础计算参数。水工隧洞工程中需用水压法试验测定弹性抗力系数,由于水压法测定抗力系数不仅耗时、费工、且试验工艺复杂。本文通过对比分析弹性状态下深埋圆形隧洞开挖支护与水压法试验力学效应关系,提出一种基于量测隧洞位移的围岩抗力系数的反演方法,该法可根据量测隧洞位移直接反演得到弹性抗力系数。结合北京市南水北调配套工程南干渠工程试验段工程实践,对浅埋水工隧洞位移进行监测,利用提出的反演方法,得到了隧洞围岩的弹性抗力系数。提出的反演方法为复杂水工隧洞不同围岩应力状态问题的弹性抗力系数反演提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
20.
Modeling of a jointed rock mass under triaxial conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
One of the most important aspects of designing a structure on or in a rock mass is based on the strength response of a jointed
rock mass. Understanding this important aspect, the present study was undertaken to understand the strength response of a
jointed rock mass with the help of a finite difference package FLAC3D. In the present work, an attempt has been made to understand the effect of discontinuity angle on the failure mode and strength
of the rock mass. For this purpose, stress and displacement in the model were studied and various stress–strain histories
were recorded at constant strain loading rate. Rock discontinuity plays a critical and vital role to understand physico-mechanical
characteristics of a rock mass. It has wider application in the rock excavation engineering, e.g., caverns, tunnels, slope
stability, dams, etc. Simulated rock results are compared with the analytically calculated results of the jointed rock mass
and found in good agreement. 相似文献