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含煤岩系变形规律的研究,对煤炭资源评价和开采、煤矿瓦斯灾害预测、煤层气的可开发性评价具有指导意义。基于含煤岩系的岩体结构是控制其变形的基础因素这一前提,以岩体力学和分形几何学基本理论为指导,提出取决于岩石杨氏模量和泊松比的岩体强度因子和取决于岩层厚度的分形维数两个参数,以断层发育的安阳双全井田、褶皱发育的沁水盆地煤层气开发区及滑动构造发育的荥巩谷山井田为例,系统探讨了岩体结构对含煤岩系变形的控制作用。研究表明,低强度因子和厚层岩层较多的分形维数低值区,含煤岩系以韧性变形为主,多形成褶皱,煤体变形程度深,为瓦斯灾害严重区和煤层气难以开发区;高强度因子和厚层岩层较少的分形维数高值区,含煤岩系以脆性变形为主,多发育断层,构造煤难以区域展布,只分布在断层附近。可见含煤岩系变形不仅与岩体强度有关,而且受岩层厚度的控制。统计层段内刚性岩层的存在增加了岩体强度,岩层复杂程度的增加同样提高了岩体强度。岩体力学和分形几何学的引入,为煤岩体变形行为和程度的描述和预测提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
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高速远程滑坡的演化机制与运动过程受控于岩体结构.以重庆市武隆县鸡尾山滑坡为例,采用地面激光扫描技术,获取岩体结构面几何信息,基于离散元数值模拟方法,考虑岩体结构特征,分析高速远程滑坡演化过程及其致灾范围.研究结果表明:(1) 岩体结构特征由岩体内部发育的结构面所决定,针对点云数据开展空间几何计算与聚类分析,可以快速精细地获取岩体结构面产状信息,从而进行岩体结构面识别与组别划分;(2) 将岩体结构特征评价结果导入离散元模型中,能够实现高速远程滑坡致灾范围的快速评价目的,并且取得了与实际滑动距离较为吻合的结果. 相似文献
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以鲁甸地震诱发的红石岩崩塌滑坡为研究对象,通过大型振动台模型试验和3DEC数值模拟,研究了含软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡的动力响应和破坏失稳模式.研究结果表明:水平加载下,随频率增大PGA放大系数先减小后增大,在接近坡体自振频率8Hz的波形加载下,坡体动力响应最为剧烈,软弱岩层对不同频率的横波具有放大和吸收作用,对5~10Hz的横波放大效应明显,对15~20Hz的横波则明显吸收;竖向加载下,随加载正弦波频率的增加,PGA放大系数先增大,25Hz时PGA放大系数减小,随后又继续增大,在频率为30Hz时PGA放大系数达到最大,在5~30Hz范围内软弱岩层对纵波均具有一定的放大效果;双向加载下,坡体水平和竖向PGA放大系数分布与单向加载一致,但双向加载下坡体部分位置动力响应加剧,部分位置动力响应则受到抑制.含软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡破坏过程可以分为6个阶段:坡体内部轻微损伤-软岩挤出、软硬岩交界上方硬岩拉裂-硬岩裂纹向上延展-软弱岩层挤压滑动-层面和纵向节理贯通形成滑面-边坡破坏.在软弱岩层的反倾岩质边坡中,软弱岩层具有对地震波的放大吸收、折射反射作用,影响着边坡的动力响应特征,软弱岩层的挤出破坏导致上部岩体岩结构面松动开裂,是该类岩质边坡破坏发展的主要原因,对该类边坡需应注意对软弱岩层进行加固防护,减小边坡的动力破坏. 相似文献
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R. Resende L. N. Lamas J. V. Lemos R. Calçada 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(6):741-761
The goal of this paper is to simulate the interaction of stress waves and rock fractures in a particle micromechanical model. Stress waves travelling in fractured rock masses are slowed down and attenuated by natural heterogeneities, voids, microcracks and, above all, by faults and fractures. Considerable laboratory and theoretical investigation have uncovered the major aspects of this phenomenon, but models that cover the core mechanisms of the wave propagation in rock masses are necessary to investigate aspects of wave–fracture interaction, which are not completely clear, and in the future simulate full-scale real problems. The micromechanical model is based on the particle discrete element model that reproduces rock through a densely packed non-structured assembly of 2D disks with point contacts. The model of a hard rock core is developed and an irregular rock joint is generated at mid-height. A new contact constitutive model is applied to the particles in the joint walls. Numerical static joint compression tests are performed and a typical hyperbolic stress–displacement curve is obtained. Conditions for good quality wave transmission through non-jointed unorganized particulate media are determined, hybrid static–dynamic boundary conditions are established and plane waves are emitted into the compressed joint. The transmitted and reflected waves are extracted and analysed. Joint dynamic stiffness calculated according to the hypotheses of the Displacement Discontinuity Theory shows to increase with the static joint compression until the joint is completely closed. Still in its early stages of application, this rock micromechanical model enables the joint behaviour under static and dynamic loading to be analysed in detail. Its advantages are the reproduction of the real mechanics of contact creation, evolution and destruction and the possibility of visualizing in detail the joint geometry changes, which is hard to accomplish in the laboratory. 相似文献
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Rock Mass Characterization and Rock Property Variability Considerations for Tunnel and Cavern Design 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
M. Cai 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(4):379-399
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Charlie C. Li 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(1):273-289
An inflatable bolt is integrated in the rock mass through the friction and mechanical interlock at the bolt–rock interface. The pullout resistance of the inflatable bolt is determined by the contact stress at the interface. The contact stress is composed of two parts, termed the primary and secondary contact stresses. The former refers to the stress established during bolt installation and the latter is mobilized when the bolt tends to slip in the borehole owing to the roughness of the borehole surface. The existing analysis of the inflatable rock bolt does not appropriately describe the interaction between the bolt and the rock since the influence of the folded tongue of the bolt on the stiffness of the bolt and the elastic rebound of the bolt tube in the end of bolt installation are ignored. The interaction of the inflatable bolt with the rock is thoroughly analysed by taking into account the elastic displacements of the rock mass and the bolt tube during and after bolt installation in this article. The study aims to reveal the influence of the bolt tongue on the contact stress and the different anchoring mechanisms of the bolt in hard and soft rocks. A new solution to the primary contact stress is derived, which is more realistic than the existing one in describing the interaction between the bolt and the rock. The mechanism of the secondary contact stress is also discussed from the point of view of the mechanical behaviour of the asperities on the borehole surface. The analytical solutions are in agreement with both the laboratory and field pullout test results. The analysis reveals that the primary contact stress decreases with the Young’s modulus of the rock mass and increases with the borehole diameter and installation pump pressure. The primary contact stress can be easily established in soft and weak rock but is low or zero in hard and strong rock. In soft and weak rock, the primary contact stress is crucially important for the anchorage of the bolt, while in hard and strong rock it is the secondary contact stress that plays a vital role. 相似文献
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An idea to consider rock textures from a geostatistical viewpoint is suggested. Mineral grains are coded by indicator functions. Four metrics are shown of interest for petrographic applications. The simplest one is used to calculate covariograms of indicators for platinum-bearing gabbronorite from the Pansky rock massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) with maximal range of 2 units. This is generalized in the concept of a minimal cluster of mineral grains for the given rock. The theory allows us to combine grain-by-grain and cluster-by-cluster considerations of rock texture. It may be used to classify monotonous lithological series using nuances of rock textures. 相似文献
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锚杆能够显著增强顺层岩质边坡的稳定性.基于顺层边坡结构效应,应用锚杆加固顺层边坡的力学模型,根据结构力学理论和变形协调关系,建立拉剪作用下全长粘结型锚杆加固顺层边坡抗剪计算的理论分析方法.与相关试验数据进行了比较验证,结果表明顺层边坡锚固抗力模型计算结果与试验结果比较一致,验证了理论模型的合理性.讨论了锚杆倾角、锚杆直径、灌浆体强度、结构面内摩擦角、剪胀角等对加锚顺层岩体抗剪性能的影响.分析表明:锚杆锚固抗力模型能够较好地反映锚杆轴力及横向剪切力对顺层岩质边坡的抗剪作用.锚杆倾角越大,锚杆总的抗力呈减小趋势,而锚杆抗力随剪胀角增大而增加;当锚杆倾角等于内摩擦角时,锚杆抗力达到最大;锚杆抗力随锚杆直径增加而增大;当锚杆直径不变时,锚杆抗力随灌浆体抗压强度增大而有所减小. 相似文献
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全岩热模拟新方法及其在气源岩评价中的应用 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
由中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院建立的全岩热模拟仪器分析方法是采用岩心样品(岩石颗粒0.5～2 mm)来模拟烃类生成的一项实验新技术.该方法模拟结果表明:(1)不同类型样品单位质量岩石的产气率与传统的加水温压模拟法结果具有可比性;(2)能够反映源岩在不同演化阶段的产气量;(3)比常规的有机碳评价方法能更准确地反映源岩在不同演化阶段的产气潜力.(4)全岩热模拟新方法经济、简便、分析周期短,可以用于大量常规样品分析,是判识有效气源岩及定量评价的一种快速、可靠的方法,在油气勘探过程中,将对烃源岩的评价发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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XU Shaokang XIA Xuehui YUAN Congjian WANG Bingquan YAN Fei YAN Shengxian ZHENG Xingquan 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(4):906-910
The new type hot water sedimentary rock -- magnetite-fluorite rock occurs as quasi-layers in flat parts of contact zones between rock body and strata in Bamianshan of Changshan County, Zhejiang Province, China. The main mineral assemblage is fluorite＋magnetite＋cassiterite. The rock shows typical laminated structure and obvious mosaic texture. Its formation temperature is between 123℃-160℃, averaging at 142℃. The major chemical composition of the rock includes CaF2, SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, and Fe2O3; the high-content microelement association includes W, Sn, Be, Rb, Sr, S, and CI; and the total content of REE is low （∑REE between 35.34×10^-6-38.35×10^-6）, showing LREE enrichment type of distribution pattern. Diagenesis： driven by the tectonic stress, the formation water heated in the deep strata had moved along the fissures or fractures in strata and had extracted components from the strata on the way, and finally stagnated in the flat parts of contact zones between rock body and strata. With drop in temperature, magnetite and fluorite were separated from the hot water and precipitated alternately, forming this hot water sedimentary rock with new type mineralogical composition, typical laminated structure, obvious mosaic texture and sub-horizontal occurrence. The characteristics of the new type mineralogical composition, sedimentary tectonic environment and chemical composition are different from that of the well-known traditional hydrothermai sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
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在许多类型的岩层中(比如粘土质的沉积岩、岩盐以及其他较软弱的岩质等)地下洞室在开挖完成之后,其围岩的变形特性,强度特性以及整体的稳定性有明显的时间效应.因此,近年来在国内外的研究工作中已有不少人致力于时间因素对围岩稳定性影响的研究. 相似文献
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本文针对结构面间距最常见的两种分布形式－－负指数分布和对数正态分布，探讨了岩石质量指标（RQD）的Monte-Carlo模拟方法，首和无根据结构面间距分布密度函数产和一包含50万个随机结构面并按生成顺序排列的模拟真实岩体的总测线，然后为了和实际 钻探时以2米测线计算RQD相一致，在总测线上按均匀分布形式随机抽取大于等于2米的局部测线共5万个计算RQD单值，并进一步统计得出所有RQD的平均值，RQD累积分布曲及岩石质量描述图，对于自然界大部分岩体，可根据结构面间距统计参数，直接在本文得出的一系列岩石质量图上定出RQD平均值，岩石质量百分比（RQP）及岩石质量风险（RQR）。 相似文献
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XU Shaokang XIA Xuehui YUAN Congjian WANG Bingquan YAN Fei YAN Shengxian ZHENG Xingquan 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(4)
The new type hot water sedimentary rock - magnetite-fluorite rock occurs as quasi-layers inflat parts of contact zones between rock body and strata in Bamiaushan of Changshan County,Zhejiang Province, China. The main mineral assemblage is fluorite magnetite cassiterite. The rockshows typical laminated structure and obvious mosaic texture. Its formation temperature is between123℃-160℃, averaging at 142℃. The major chemical composition of the rock includes CaF2, SiO2,Al2O3, FeO, and Fe2O3; the high-content microelement association includes W, Sn, Be, Rb, Sr, S, andCl; and the total content of REE is low (∑REE between 35.34x10-6-38.35x10-6), showing LREEenrichment type of distribution pattern. Diagenesis: driven by the tectonic stress, the formation waterheated in the deep strata had moved along the fissures or fractures in strata and had extractedcomponents from the strata on the way, and finally stagnated in the flat parts of contact zones betweenrock body and strata. With drop in temperature, magnetite and fluorite were separated from the hotwater and precipitated alternately, forming this hot water sedimentary rock with new typemineralogical composition, typical laminated structure, obvious mosaic texture and sub-horizontaloccurrence. The characteristics of the new type mineralogical composition, sedimentary tectonicenvironment and chemical composition are different from that of the well-known traditionalhydrothermai sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
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A discrete element code has been used to simulate impact-induced rock fragmentation in rock fall analysis using a simplified
impact model inspired by the theory of vibrations for foundations on elastic media. The impact velocity, the angle of incidence,
pre-existing fractures, and the ground stiffness all play important roles in impact fragmentation. Based on the simulation
results, impact fragmentation occurs locally at the impact zone without generating large fragments for a homogeneous rock
block. Large fragments are generated only when there are open pre-existing fractures in the rock block or when there are fully
persistent closed fractures. Softer ground tends to reduce the potential for impact fragmentation. Energy transformation and
failure occur only during impact including approach and restitution stages. Friction energy loss accounts for most of the
energy loss during the fragmentation process, while tensile cracking energy loss is not significant. 相似文献
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岩石力学联锁咬合岩块结构稳定性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
首次建立了岩石力学中的多种联锁咬合岩块结构模型,介绍了块体理论的进展,并采用改进的DDA（块体不连续变形分析）法对块体进行了稳定性分析。 相似文献