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1.
Low recovery of longwall top coal caving (LTCC) remains one of the most difficult engineering problems in this mining method and impedes its application. The top coal left in the gob at face end accounts for a large portion of the total coal loss, and the instability of the leftover triangle coal at face end has long been a threat to the safety of miners and the mining equipment. In this paper, based on the engineering background of Ruilong mine, we explore the stability of the roof at the end of the face by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement. Results reveal that in the inclined longwall top coal caving face, the immediate roof forms an “arch” structure, and the basic roof forms a “masonry beam” structure after the roof collapses; working resistance of the support calculated by the method of ultimate bearing capacity was adequate to meet the requirement of roof load; roof load of coal pillar was related to the length of key block and fracture position; and increasing the size of coal pillar could ensure the stability of both coal pillar and roof.  相似文献   

2.
复杂地质条件下开采深度的增加极易导致强矿压动力灾害的发生。以华煤集团华亭煤矿250102综放工作面及其回采巷道为研究背景,通过SOS微震监测系统拾取回采工作面推进过程中微震(声发射)信号,获取强矿压动力灾害前兆信息特征规律,分析3种不同危险等级(R,O,Y)强矿压的分布规律且判定其危险区域。综合现场开采特征,确定工作面开切眼至400 m范围为危险区域,此期间20 m煤柱侧强矿压显现尤为严重。最终确定了采用"超前顶板深孔爆破+帮侧煤体卸压爆破+顶板煤层注水"相结合的解危措施来减轻和消除强矿压动力灾害现象,保障井下工作人员在工作期间的安全。   相似文献   

3.
顶板诱导崩落模式选择时变数值分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
顶板诱导崩落是一种新的空区处理技术,其实施效果与诱导崩落施工路径、方法和顺序有关,同时矿岩体作为一种弹塑性体,具有非线性时变力学特征。运用时变力学的基本理论,建立了顶板诱导崩落的时变力学有限元基本方程。针对大厂铜坑矿92号矿体试验采场的地质特征,构建了顶板诱导崩落的时变力学有限元模型,采用多步骤开挖模拟两种不同顶板诱导崩落模式,研究两种不同工序的顶板塑性区发展、东西预裂与崩顶硐室的位移及其安全系数,分析了其对采场的综合效应。结果表明,先预裂后崩顶的顶板诱导崩落模式有利于顶板崩落诱导,并综合考虑诱导崩落效果与作业安全,建议采用先预裂爆破后强制崩顶的微差爆破一次成型工艺。  相似文献   

4.
预裂强制放顶是一种保障煤矿安全生产的重要技术。为确定初采期间深孔预裂强制放顶的合理参数,根据基本顶岩层的结构特点,基于断裂力学理论,建立含斜裂隙的深孔预裂强制放顶断裂力学模型,推导基本顶初次破断距及支架阻力表达式,对模型参数进行了敏感性分析。分析结果表明:基本顶初次破断距随预裂裂隙倾角或垂深比的增大而减小,随支架阻力的增大而增大;裂隙倾角从10°增加到90°,基本顶初次破断距的最大减幅为83.16%;裂隙垂深比从0.1增加到0.9,基本顶初次破断距的最大减幅为65.84%;支架阻力从3 MN增加到18 MN,基本顶初次破断距的最大增幅为1.4倍;理论计算与现场实测对比,验证了该模型的合理性,研究结果可为坚硬顶板煤层深孔预裂强制放顶参数设计和施工提供指导。   相似文献   

5.
The presence of hard and massive sandstone above the coal seam in underground coal mines often leads to delay in caving of overlying rock beds thereby causing excessive load on supports and posing danger to underground workings. The problem is more prominent in blasting gallery (BG) as well as longwall mining methods in Indian coal mines. Induced caving by blasting is a promising means for hard roof management in underground coal mines. Based on extensive studies and data collected from different mines in India, a Blastability Index (BI) has been developed which can be used for the classification of roof according to the degree of ease in caving by induced blasting. Different charge factors have also been suggested based on the Blastability Index. Due to wide change in the method of extractions, ??Cavability Index?? for longwall panel was found ineffective in case of BG method of working as well as bord and pillar working. For this reason, this proposed Blastability Index would be of immense help for caving of hard roof by induced blasting.  相似文献   

6.
基于连续采矿的顶板诱导崩落技术,采用预裂爆破控制裂隙发展区间,强制崩顶爆破诱导顶板围岩裂隙发育、扩展,从而诱导顶板致裂失稳的可控崩落。然而在地下采空区顶板诱导致裂失稳崩落处理采空区过程中,预裂与崩顶爆破效果具有极大的隐蔽性,难以进行直观可视的评价。采用钻孔摄像系统,利用前视与全景可视技术,对顶板诱导爆破前钻孔形态和爆破的效果进行了探测,特别在爆破后的全景钻孔摄像,数字化描述了钻孔的裂隙特征,并通过钻孔摄像的图片分析评价了顶板诱导崩落爆破效果。全景探测的结果表明:(1)预裂爆破在顶板岩体中形成了清晰可见宽为20~40 mm的预裂缝,炮孔底部存在半个孔壁的预裂特征。(2)顶板围岩中产生了大量的次生诱导微裂隙带,裂隙交错呈“X”型,并且原生裂隙得到了扩展。(3)顶板诱导爆破实施后爆堆形状良好,大量裂隙发育以及碎裂岩体结构的形成有利于顶板的诱导可控崩落。  相似文献   

7.
石膏矿开采多采用房柱法,其蠕变特性对采空区稳定性有重要影响。以荆花石膏矿为背景,利用RC-2000微机控制岩石三轴蠕变试验机,结合具体工程情况,对荆花石膏矿岩进行围压分别为0、2.5、5.0、7.5 MPa的蠕变试验。分析了所得的蠕变试验数据,选取合适的模型对试验曲线进行拟合,利用等时应力-应变曲线簇法求得在不同围压下的长期强度。分析可知,荆花石膏矿蠕变包含衰减蠕变和等速蠕变2个阶段,轴向应力较小时只出现衰减蠕变,轴向应变增大到一定程度时将出现衰减蠕变和等速蠕变2个阶段。选择西原模型对试验曲线进行拟合结果表明,西原模型能较好地描述石膏矿的蠕变力学特性,拟合相关系数R均大于0.9;在不同围压情况下长期强度与蠕变强度的比值为0.89~0.95,即围压对长期强度的影响不大。研究结论能为石膏矿采空区的稳定性分析提供依据。  相似文献   

8.
依据室内试验所得的石膏岩的基本力学性质随着大气中相对湿度变化的规律,并结合石膏矿采空区的破坏特征,将护顶层简化为铅直方向受均布荷载q作用的三铰拱分析模型,建立了相对湿度作用下的石膏矿采空区护顶层的尖点突变模型,研究了相对湿度作用下护顶层突发破坏的失稳机制。试验结果表明:石膏岩的力学性质在采空区中环境湿度的作用下,其强度和变形参数会大大降低。分析和工程计算结果表明:随着采空区中环境湿度的增加,支撑体系越不稳定,越容易跨越分叉集而发生突发失稳破坏;相空间的控制参数a随着采空区中环境湿度的增加,其代数值是逐渐增大的(绝对值减小,由负值向0变化),而控制参数b逐渐增大,系统突发失稳控制参数(a,b)的变化路径为向东北方向变化,该路径是系统较为容易发生突发失稳的路径。  相似文献   

9.
杨登峰  张凌凡  柴茂  李博  白翼飞 《岩土力学》2016,37(7):2033-2039
针对特厚煤层综放开采过程中矿压显现剧烈支架工作阻力难以确定的问题,结合特厚煤层工作面顶板岩层破断形成的悬臂梁-砌体梁力学结构模型。工作面来压阶段支架工作阻力不足时,引起砌体梁结构下沉使悬臂梁结构回转变形破断,造成上覆砌体梁结构滑落失稳压架使工作面矿压显现剧烈的特点,建立了含中心斜裂纹的悬臂梁结构破断的力学模型,应用断裂力学理论,分析了悬臂梁破断失稳的影响因素,推导了支架荷载的表达式。结果表明:裂纹倾角和长度是悬臂梁破断失稳的主要影响因素;支架荷载除与悬臂梁自身因素有关外,还与砌体梁垮落步距等因素相关。结合塔山煤矿8102综采工作面地质条件,计算了支架荷载的理论值,验证了理论分析的合理性。理论研究成果对于分析特厚煤层开采时的支架荷载的大小,合理选择支架减少顶板事故具有一定的工程实际意义。  相似文献   

10.
张广超  何富连 《岩土力学》2016,37(6):1721-1728
确定合理的区段煤柱宽度及巷道支护型式和参数,对于提高资源回采率和巷道安全性及实现综放开采高产高效意义重大。以王家岭煤矿20103区段运输平巷为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析了不同煤柱宽度下围岩主应力差、变形及破坏演化规律,认为合理煤柱宽度为6~10 m,并结合实际地质和生产条件确定试验巷道煤柱宽度为8 m。采用理论分析和现场钻孔窥视方法综合确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区约7 m处,认为由于综放沿空巷道围岩性质结构和应力分布沿巷道中心线呈明显非对称性,将引发煤柱侧顶板严重下沉和肩角部位煤岩体错位、嵌入、台阶下沉等非对称破坏特征,靠煤柱侧顶板及肩角部位是巷道变形破坏的关键部位。在此研究基础上,针对性地提出了以高强锚梁网、不对称锚梁、锚索桁架为主体的综合控制技术,详细阐明了具体支护措施的控制机制,并进行现场应用。工程实践表明,8 m煤柱宽度合理,该支护技术能够保证窄煤柱沿空巷道围岩稳定,并已在王家岭煤矿大面积推广应用,对类似工程条件的支护技术具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。  相似文献   

11.
Roof falls accounted for 18.18% of all fatal accidents in Indian coal mines, contributing about 35.29% of all fatal accidents in below-ground operations in 2005. The support safety factor, always preferred in support planning and design of underground coal mines, may be an important predictor for roof falls. In this paper, geotechnical data were collected from 14 roof fall incident places in an underground coal mine, located in the Eastern India, which has bord and pillar method of workings. The mean value of probabilistic support safety factor for the case study mine was found to be 1.24. However, the probability, of the estimated support safety factor of less than or equal to one, was found to be 0.246. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of the contributing parameters on support safety factor and the likelihood of the roof fall. The multi-variate regression analysis was carried out for the data generated by Monte Carlo method to correlate the contributing factors to support safety factor. It ranked gallery width as the first parameter to control the support safety factor.  相似文献   

12.
El Teniente Mine has developed the method of panel caving as an innovative pre-conditioning caving alternative for traditional mining of sectors located in primary rock. In applying this method, caving speed and area incorporation are the most relevant parameters to establish a desired production level in a specified sector. This is the context in which continuous improvements to several design alternatives have been developed and applied to optimize mine caving. Mine caving, by drilling and blasting, results in a narrow base cut of ore columns not larger than the height of the caving galleries, which usually measure 3.6 m. These confined blasting operations require drilling parallel blastholes that extend from the floor to the roof of the caving gallery. Panel caving aims at mitigating subvertical field stress transmission to the lower levels of the caving gallery. This improves the stability and helps maintain the advancement of the caved zone at the caving level, with respect to the development, preparation and ore mining activities in the production level. This paper analyzes and evaluates different panel caving alternatives. The result is the identification of the most adequate panel caving alternative for conditions in the Esmeralda Mine given safety, technical, operational and economic considerations.  相似文献   

13.
为解决超长工作面过大断面空巷极易发生片帮和大面积冒顶等难题,以晋城成庄矿某超长工作面为背景,建立大断面空巷的三维模型,将工作面顶板划分为煤柱顶板、空巷顶板和待采区顶板3部分。通过理论分析,推导了煤柱失稳的判据,并利用FLAC3D数值模拟分析了大断面空巷顶板应力演化过程。结果表明:煤柱宽度W≤40 m时,工作面超前支承应力与空巷超前支承应力在煤柱上叠加,煤柱开始发生塑性变形;W≤10 m时,煤柱顶板应力逐渐达到峰值16.6 MPa,煤柱发生破坏并失去承载能力,工作面超前支承应力向待采区转移,空巷顶板应力达到峰值12.7 MPa。根据空巷顶板应力演化规律,确定高水材料充填支柱支护的合理强度及空巷两帮煤壁注浆加固的时机,辅以空巷锚索梁补强,提出了大断面空巷综合治理措施,现场应用效果良好。   相似文献   

14.
杨敬虎  孙少龙  孔德中 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z2):333-339
高强度开采工作面矿压显现复杂,容易发生压架、冒顶等灾害。为从理论上解释高强度开采工作面的矿压特征,分析了高强度开采工作面的一般特征及其对矿压显现的影响,以顶板初次断裂为例,运用薄板理论并结合岩石力学试验成果,推导出不同面长和不同推进速度下顶板断裂步距的计算公式,并分析了面长和推进速度对来压时支架工作阻力的影响机制。结果表明,面长影响顶板应力分布,推进速度改变顶板承载能力,而且面长越短,推进速度越快,顶板的初次断裂步距就会越大。对于高强度开采工作面,面长普遍大于200 m,面长效应影响微弱,矿压显现主要受推进速度作用,断裂步距和来压时支架工作阻力都比非高强度开采工作面大,容易发生压架和冒顶等灾害。  相似文献   

15.
闫书缘  杨科  廖斌琛  涂辉 《岩土力学》2013,34(9):2551-2556
为研究深部近距离煤层群下向卸压开采高应力演化的特征,根据潘二煤矿深部近距离煤层群8煤和6煤地质与开采技术条件,设计了下向卸压开采的二维相似材料模拟试验模型,对8煤和6煤开采引起的采动应力进行监测。系统分析了8煤下向开采与6煤开采后的采场围岩采动应力、岩层运移及不规则煤柱对采动应力演化的影响,获得了近距离煤层群8煤下向卸压开采的顶底板采动高应力演化特征及6煤回采期间覆岩运移、采动应力裂隙演化和来压特征,得出了下向卸压开采不规则煤柱对采动应力、裂隙分布的影响规律。研究不仅为以采动高应力演化为主导作用的煤岩动力灾害防治提供了理论基础,也为卸压开采采场参数设计与优化提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

16.
基于边坡系统能量的原理,借助FLAC3D有限差分法内嵌FISH语言进行了三维露天矿边坡模型在开挖过程中能量计算的二次开发。将能量与突变理论相结合,以边坡系统的总耗散能作为状态变量,构建了边坡系统的能量耗散突变判别准则。以大孤山露天矿西北帮边坡为例,通过能量耗散突变分析、塑性区演化分析、安全系数变化分析及关键点位移分析可知,以上分析得到的边坡稳定性演化规律具有一致性,验证了提出的突变判别准则的适用性,研究结果表明:能量突变特征值 是露天矿边坡在第ki步开挖后发生失稳的充要力学条件;当进行至第6~8步开挖时,边坡局部岩体系统发生了失稳,且第7、8、9三个台阶受开挖扰动的影响较为严重,与现场的实际开挖情况相符,为预防露天矿边坡在开挖扰动过程中的局部围岩系统失稳提供了一定的理论支持。  相似文献   

17.
坚硬顶板条件下采煤工作面容易诱发冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、矿震及采空区飓风等动力灾害,严重威胁矿井的安全生产。基于裸眼分段压裂超前弱化模式,结合“压裂垮落体+煤柱+承重岩层”协同支撑理念,提出坚硬顶板分段压裂超前弱化解危技术。综合采用理论分析、技术研发、工程应用等方法,探索顶板分段压裂超前弱化解危机理,研究形成稳定协同支撑系统的定量判定公式,并在河东煤田保德煤矿开展工程应用。结果表明:根据判定公式可优选压裂目标层位,顶板分段水力压裂弱化技术实施过程中,最高压力22.43 MPa,破裂压降最大达6.17 MPa,单个钻场3个钻孔累计出现3.0 MPa以上压力降167次;根据压裂前后工作面来压情况可知,压裂后顶板来压步距、动载系数、来压均值分别降低35.02%、14.29%、13.87%,巷道变形得到有效控制,验证分段压裂能够形成人造协同支撑系统,实现坚硬顶板动力灾害的弱化解危。研究实践可为同类地质条件下顶板强矿压灾害防治提供技术借鉴。   相似文献   

18.
针对煤层顶板承压含水层涌水模式不清的问题,从煤层回采过程中顶板含水层涌水的时空变化特征入手,提出顶板含水层涌水量由静态储存量和动态补给量构成,认为静态储存量主要受来压步距、顶板垮落和导水裂隙(合称冒裂)影响区含水层厚度、含水层给水度控制,动态补给量主要受冒裂影响区外围含水层厚度、渗透性流场中水力梯度和过水断面面积控制;根据导水裂隙波及含水层情况,将顶板含水层涌水模式划分为井底进水的触及井涌水、井壁及井底进水的非完整井涌水和井壁进水的完整井涌水3种模式,并基于地下水渗流理论给出不同涌水模式下动态补给水量计算公式;针对以往疏放水钻孔数量多及疏放水量大的问题,以实现工作面顶板含水层静态储存量疏放后动态补给量可控为目的,提出冒裂区高度控制钻孔深度、单孔水位影响半径控制钻孔布置间距、钻孔疏放水量稳定时间控制超前疏放时间的疏放水钻孔优化设计理念,对疏放水及疏放钻孔布置进行优化,形成系统的顶板含水层水疏放体系。研究结果丰富了煤层顶板含水层涌水量计算和控制方法,对顶板水害防控具有实际的指导意义。   相似文献   

19.
Because the land requisition and demolishing became difficult more and more, the mining scheme of Luohe iron mine was changed from caving method to filling method. In order to ensure the safety of the residence and the underground tunnel cavern within the mobile belt of the underground mining, the Luohe iron mine did the blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and blasting vibration monitoring. The blasting experiments use common emulsified oil explosives and non-electric initiation system. The way of caved ore adopts the cutting groove and bench side. The NUBOX-6016 intelligent vibration monitor was chosen in the blasting vibration monitoring. Twice experiments on the blasting vibration monitoring were done on the surface or in the underground refuge cavern. The first test select the three monitoring points on the ground and the second select two monitoring points on the ground and a monitoring point in the underground refuge cavern. The blasting vibration monitoring data were conducted by the regression analysis in the Sodev’s empirical formula. The vibration attenuation formula about the underground blasting vibration transmitting in three directions is derived. The blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and the blasting vibration were analyzed. It is estimated if the vibration damage possibly the surface buildings and related facilities of mine.  相似文献   

20.
刘优平  龚敏  黄刚海 《岩土力学》2012,33(6):1883-1888
针对地下深孔爆破采矿过程中常出现的爆破后冲作用严重以及爆破块度不均匀等若干问题,以南方某铅锌矿实际采用的爆破、炸药和岩石参数为基础,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对矿山拟采用的不同装药量、不同耦合系数的6种装药结构建立了数值计算模型。通过分析爆炸仿真过程中的Von Mises有效应力信息,结合爆破破岩机制及Mises屈服理论,确定了深孔爆破的最佳炮孔装药结构。现场试验表明,优化的装药结构爆破块度均匀且爆破后冲作用得到有效控制,基本上解决了矿山深孔侧向爆破存在的问题,研究结果为深孔爆破的优化设计提供理论依据和技术支持。  相似文献   

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