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1.
N.R. Sherwood A.C. Cook M. Gibling C. Tantisukrit 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1984,4(1):45-71
A number of basins in northwestern Thailand contain thick sequences of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks. Oil shales and coals are prominent lithologies within these sequences and occur together in some basins. Most of the sequences are, however, dominated by either oil shales or coals. The major oil shale deposit is in the Mae Sot Basin but oil shales also occur in the Ban Huay Dua, Mae Moh, Ban Pa Ka Li, Mae Teep, Ban Na Hong and Jae Hom Basins.Drilling and detailed mapping, in the Mae Sot Basin indicate thick sequences of oil shales and organic petrological studies show that they contain abundant lamalginite. Trace amounts of telalginite, liptodetrinite, bitumen/resinite and huminite/inertinite are also present in some of the rocks. The parts of the sequences rich in authigenic minerals are, in general, petrographically similar to Green River Formation lamosites. Where clay/silt-sized epiclastics are more abundant, similarities exist to Australian Tertiary lamosites. Vitrinite reflectance date from the oil shales and associated coals indicate a low level of maturity.Oil shales from the other basins are, petrographically similar to the Mae Sot lamosites, however some differences do exist. The Mae Sot and other lamosites were deposited in lacustrine environments that probably had highly variable water depths. 相似文献
2.
Takeshi Kozai Lydia Perelis-Grossowicz Annachiara Bartolini Chotima Yamee José Sandoval Francis Hirsch Keisuke Ishida Thasinee Charoentitirat Assanee Meesook Jean Guex 《Gondwana Research》2011,19(1):37-46
The paleontological investigations of the Jurassic of Western Thailand, districts of Mae Sot (Tak–Mae Sot highway, Padaeng Tak and Ban Mae Kut Luang Zinc mines) and Umphang (Klo Tho), provide age constraints for the Late Indosinian orogeny, the Paleotethys closure and the timing of the marine Jurassic inundation of Sundaland. The basal conglomerate of the Jurassic is derived from the pelagic Triassic Mae Sariang substratum. Stratigraphy, microfacies and paleontology of the Jurassic marine strata focus especially on ammonites, bivalves, large benthic foraminifera and algae. Among ammonites, the Tethyan Catulloceras perisphinctoides Gemmellaro marks the Upper Toarcian (Aalensis Zone) along the Tak–Mae Sot highway and Riccardiceras longalvum (Vacek), Malladaites pertinax (Vacek), Abbasites sp. and Vacekia sp. indicate Middle Aalenian to lowermost Bajocian in the Padaeng Mine (SE of Mae Sot) and Klo–Tho (Umphang). Vacekia sp., Spinammatoceras schindewolfi Linares and Sandoval and Malladaites vaceki Linares and Sandoval indicate Middle Aalenian to lowermost Upper Aalenian at Ban Mae Kut Luang (NE of Mae Sot). Among foraminifers, the large benthic foraminifer Timidonella sarda Bassoullet, Chabrier and Fourcade in the Western Tethys is indicative for Aalenian–Bajocian times, as characterized in the section at the Tak–Padaeng Zinc mine and the Klo–Tho Formation near Umphang. The endemic foraminifer Gutnicella kaempferi characterizes the Pu Khloe Khi Formation near Umphang. Among bivalves, shallow marine, dominantly endemic fauna includes Parvamussium donaiense (Mansuy) and Bositra ornate (Quenstedt), from the Toarcian to the Early Bajocian. A consideration of the faunal affinity shows that the fauna is partly endemic with Northern Tethyan (Eurasian) affinity. 相似文献
3.
The aim of this study was to investigate the geochemical characteristics of arsenic in the solid material samples of the Mae Moh Mine and also the Mae Moh power plants fly ash samples were systematically studied. Arsenic concentration in overburden, coal lignite and fly ash are variable (depending on source of solid samples). The results show that the strata of overburden, J seam of coal and fly ash are rich in arsenic and also relatively soluble from fly ash; it occurs as a surface precipitate on the ash particle. The experimental study on speciation in the strata also indicates that the arsenic speciation of Mae Moh solid samples are mainly arsenate, As (V), which are approaching exceed 80%. Arsenic content in the main of overburden is in the range of 14.3–888.8 mg/kg, which is larger than the arsenic background soil values. Solid materials polluted wastewater; the arsenic speciation was present predominantly as arsenate in the surface water of a series of Mae Moh solid materials basins. 相似文献
4.
《Gondwana Research》2013,23(3-4):1102-1109
Conodonts collected from sections near the small towns of Thong Pha Phum and Mae Sariang in the westernmost part of Thailand are used to reconstruct the neodymium (Nd) isotopic composition of seawater during the Late Devonian. The study provides the first Devonian seawater signatures recognized within the Australian shelf of northeastern Gondwana and the adjacent Paleotethys Ocean. At Thong Pha Phum site, the seawater was characterized by very low εNd values (from − 13.1 to − 18.2) and very high Sm/Nd ratios (between 0.36 and 0.66). In contrast, the seawater at the Mae Sariang site was characterized by much more radiogenic signatures (εNd values from − 8.7 to − 11.1) and uniform, low Sm/Nd ratios (between 0.20 and 0.23). Extremely low εNd values recognized at Thong Pha Phum attest to a passive margin continental setting and a paleogeographic position very close to a continental area where Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean rocks were eroded. Thus, the isotopic data provide strong evidence that during Late Devonian time the Sibumasu terrane was situated in the proximity to the Archean cratons of Western Australia, presumably adjacent to the Carnarvon intracratonic basin. Moreover, Sibumasu may not have been situated in an outboard position on the shelf, as previously suggested, but could have been directly attached to the Australian continental crust. By contrast, low and uniform Sm/Nd ratios of seawater at Mae Sariang resemble those of the Variscan and the present-day oceanic seawaters. Therefore, a pelagic setting within the Paleotethys Ocean is postulated for the Mae Sariang succession. This conclusion is also constrained by minor temporal changes in εNd values and suggests that the Paleozoic of Mae Sariang is not part of the Sibumasu terrane but belongs to the Inthanon Zone. 相似文献
5.
滇西古特提斯多岛洋的结构及其南北延伸 总被引：42，自引：3，他引：39
在深化滇西古特提斯构造古地理格局研究基础上 ,提出了区分多岛洋与多岛海的时、空尺度标准。根据藏北羌塘、泰国北部与滇西古特提斯沉积地质学的比较研究 ,论证了滇西昌宁—孟连带北延连接冈玛错缝合带 ,南延与泰国北部隐蔽缝合带相接。泰国东北部著名的难河—程逸缝合带北延很可能潜伏于思茅盆地中新生代红层之下 ,因此古特提斯阶段并不存在稳定的“思茅地块”。泰国西北部湄萨良带存在洋盆硅质岩、海山碳酸盐岩和被动陆缘碎屑岩的构造混杂沉积组合 ,原属“泥盆系”的硅质岩中已发现早石炭世和晚三叠世卡尼期放射虫动物群 ,启示了古特提斯东段存在双子星座式主支洋盆的构造古地理格局。湄萨良带北延最可能与保山地块、腾冲地块之间的潞西三台山蛇绿混杂带相连。滇西北地区原属晚三叠世哈工组内侏罗纪放射虫化石的发现等 ,启示了青藏高原三江带在古、新特提斯转折期古地理演化的复杂性 相似文献
6.
On the tectonic evolution of the mainland South-east Asia, researchers pay more attention to the Chiang Mae and Nan belts. Investigation on the Loei Belt is usually ignored. Therefore, there are different opinions about its naming and evolution: Loei Fold-belt located at the western margin of the Indochina Block during the Late Paleozoic and Triassic (Bunopas, 1981; Man-tajit, 1999), Petchabun Fold-belt between the Khao Khwang and Pha Nok Khao carbonate plateforms dur-ing the Carboniferous and Permian (Helmcke, 1983, 1986; Altermann, 1989, 1991), Loei Suture Zone be-tween the Nakhon Thai and Indochina blocks during the Late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic (Charusiri et al., 1997, 2002; Chutakositkanon et al., 1997, 1999) 相似文献
7.
C. K. Morley 《Tectonophysics》2002,347(4):1146
Models for the Tertiary evolution of SE Asia fall into two main types: a pure escape tectonics model with no proto-South China Sea, and subduction of proto-South China Sea oceanic crust beneath Borneo. A related problem is which, if any, of the main strike–slip faults (Mae Ping, Three Pagodas and Aliao Shan–Red River (ASRR)) cross Sundaland to the NW Borneo margin to facilitate continental extrusion? Recent results investigating strike–slip faults, rift basins, and metamorphic core complexes are reviewed and a revised tectonic model for SE Asia proposed. Key points of the new model include: (1) The ASRR shear zone was mainly active in the Eocene–Oligocene in order to link with extension in the South China Sea. The ASRR was less active during the Miocene (tens of kilometres of sinistral displacement), with minor amounts of South China Sea spreading centre extension transferred to the ASRR shear zone. (2) At least three important regions of metamorphic core complex development affected Indochina from the Oligocene–Miocene (Mogok gneiss belt; Doi Inthanon and Doi Suthep; around the ASRR shear zone). Hence, Paleogene crustal thickening, buoyancy-driven crustal collapse, and lower crustal flow are important elements of the Tertiary evolution of Indochina. (3) Subduction of a proto-South China Sea oceanic crust during the Eocene–Early Miocene is necessary to explain the geological evolution of NW Borneo and must be built into any model for the region. (4) The Eocene–Oligocene collision of NE India with Burma activated extrusion tectonics along the Three Pagodas, Mae Ping, Ranong and Klong Marui faults and right lateral motion along the Sumatran subduction zone. (5) The only strike–slip fault link to the NW Borneo margin occurred along the trend of the ASRR fault system, which passes along strike into a right lateral transform system including the Baram line. 相似文献
8.
Michael F. Ridd Ian Watkinson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2013
The Phuket-Slate Belt terrane can be traced for 1700 km from Phuket to Mandalay, and has a distinct stratigraphy and tectonic history. It is characterized by a very thick Carboniferous-Lower Permian succession which includes diamictites interpreted as glacio-marine rift-infill deposited when the Sibumasu block separated from Gondwana. It was emplaced in the Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene by dextral strike-slip movement on a fault system which includes the Khlong Marui and Panlaung Faults. Southwards the Khlong Marui bounding-fault and its close associate, the Ranong Fault, are postulated to extend to Sumatra where they align with the restored proto-Indian Ocean location of the India–Australia transform at the time that both were undergoing dextral displacement and Greater India was moving toward its collision with Eurasia. It is suggested that emplacement of the Phuket-Slate Belt terrane was the result of its coupling with the north-going India plate, resulting in up to about 450 km of dextral shift on the terrane's bounding fault system. Post-emplacement sinistral movement on the cross-cutting Mae Ping and Three Pagodas Faults offset the terrane boundary resulting in its present outline. 相似文献
9.
Frequency ratio model based landslide susceptibility mapping in lower Mae Chaem watershed, Northern Thailand 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
The purpose of this study is to produce a landslide susceptibility map for the lower Mae Chaem watershed, northern Thailand
using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remotely sensed images. For this purpose, past landslide locations were identified
from satellite images and aerial photographs accompanied by the field surveys to create a landslide inventory map. Ten landslide-inducing
factors were used in the susceptibility analysis: elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, distance from lineament,
distance from drainage, precipitation, soil texture, land use/land cover (LULC), and NDVI. The first eight factors were prepared
from their associated database while LULC and NDVI maps were generated from Landsat-5 TM images. Landslide susceptibility
was analyzed and mapped using the frequency ratio (FR) model that determines the level of correlation between locations of
past landslides and the chosen factors and describes it in terms of frequency ratio index. Finally, the output map was validated
using the area under the curve (AUC) method where the success rate of 80.06% and the prediction rate of 84.82% were achieved.
The obtained map can be used to reduce landslide hazard and assist with proper planning of LULC in the future. 相似文献
10.
《Geoforum》2013
Ecotourism within protected areas is paradigmatically considered a neoliberal conservation strategy along with other market-based interventions that devolve authority to non-state actors, rely on market corrections to socio-environmental problems, and effectively try to “do more with less” (Dressler and Roth, 2011) or “sell nature to save it” (McAfee, 1999). However, the neoliberalisation of conservation is a path-based process that is shaped by local histories and on-the-ground engagements with different market forms, and a growing body of scholarship has demonstrated that there are significant gaps between “vision” and “execution” in neoliberal conservation. Through a case study of ecotourism in Ban Mae Klang Luang in Northern Thailand, this research approaches the question of why such programs often fail to reconcile environmental and economic concerns through an exploration of the internal contradictions in the governmentalizing processes embedded within market-led conservation projects. Specifically, I argue that the contradiction in encouraging both disciplinary environmentality and neoliberal environmentality ironically forces conservation and development interests into opposition. Furthermore, ecotourism’s deployment of neoliberal environmentality contributes to the exaggeration of inequality and individualism in the village, creating tensions among community members. Despite the win–win expectations of neoliberal philosophy in conservation policies, the contradictory logics involved call the long-term viability of such strategies into question. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(1-2):295-299
A coal petrographic study of sediments, including coals, oil shale, and oil source rocks, in the fossil fuel deposits of northern Thailand revealed changes in alginite associations. In the Lower part of these Tertiary deposits, especially in the Fang oilfield, alginite A (a Botryococcus sp.) was the only type of alga found. Later, the association of Botryococcus braunii, Pila algae, thick-walled alginite B, and temperate palynomorphs were recognized in many coalfields, as well as in the middle part of the deposits in the Fang Basin. Their ages were Late Oligocene (?) to Early Miocene. In the upper part of the fossil fuel deposits, alginite B is dominant in many basins, together with Botryococcus-related taxa such as Pila algae, Reinschia and fresh-water-dwelling ferns. In the Mae Sod Basins Reinschia was found to be dominant in the northern part, whereas lamaginite dominated in the south, showing different environmental conditions in different parts of the basin during deposition. These different associations indicate changes in depositional environments in northern Thailand, resulting from climatic and/or sea level changes during Tertiary time. 相似文献
12.
13.
The Indosinian Orogeny in Thailand is often viewed as having developed between strongly linear terranes, which today trend approximately N–S. The terranes were subsequently disrupted by later tectonics, particularly NW–SE trending Cenozoic strike-slip faults. The ENE–WSW to NE–SW striking thrusts and folds in the Khao Khwang Platform area of the Saraburi Group on the SW margin of the Indochina Terrane are not easily explained in the context of this traditional view. Reversal of the clockwise rotation shown to have affected the block north of the Mae Ping Fault zone only enhances the E–W orientation of structures in the fold and thrust belt, and moves the belt further east towards Cambodia. One solution for the trend that fits better with regional understanding from hydrocarbon exploration of the Khorat Plateau is that the Indochina Terrane was actually a series of continental blocks, separated by Permian rifting. During the Early Triassic the early stages of collision (South China-Cathaysian Terrane collision with Vietnam Indochina) resulted in the amalgamation of disparate blocks that now form the Indochina Terrane by closure along the rifts. At the same time or following on from the collision there was closure of the back-arc area between Indochina and the Sukhothai zone. The rift basins, were thrusted and inverted during the early stages of the Indosinian orogeny, and only underwent minor reactivated when later Sibumasu collided with Sukhothai Zone-Indochina Terrane margin during the Late Triassic. The scenario described above requires the presence of a (minor) E–W trending suture in NW Cambodia. Evidence for this suture is suggested by the presence of Permo-Triassic calc-alkaline volcanism. 相似文献
14.
Michael F. Ridd Christopher K. Morley 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):143-156
A study of Google Earth images has revealed a hitherto-unrecorded gently curved lineament within the southern marginal zone of the Khorat Plateau in eastern Thailand. The lineament, confirmed by digital elevation model (DEM) images, is at least 130 km long and coincides with a dip reversal of the Mesozoic Khorat Group. It is interpreted here as a fault, named the Khao Yai Fault, and it has characteristics which make it unusual within the Khorat Plateau. The fault forms the northern boundary of a belt of several ENE-WSW trending fault splays which are thought to link with the Mae Ping Fault further south; this is interpreted as a left-stepping, sinistral strike-slip duplex about 50 km wide and 150 km long. Apatite fission track data indicate that exhumation began during the earliest Palaeogene.The Khao Yai Fault is considered in its regional context which includes the Cardamomes Mountains of Cambodia, the offshore Phuquoc-Kampot Basin, and the Khao Thalai Red-beds outlier of the Khorat Group in Southeast Thailand. The latter is interpreted as a down-faulted sliver of the Khorat Group in the Tha Mai Fault belt which is thought, in turn, to be a splay of Thailand's other major regional fault, the Three Pagodas Fault. Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic shallow-marine rocks with unusual faunas occur in a limited NNW-SSE trending zone to the west and NNW of the Tha Mai Fault and it is suggested that wrench movement on the fault played a part in the emplacement of these rocks. 相似文献
15.
An alternative model for the geodynamic evolution of Southeast Asia is proposed and inserted in a modern plate tectonic model. The reconstruction methodology is based on dynamic plate boundaries, constrained by data such as spreading rates and subduction velocities; in this way it differs from classical continental drift models proposed so far. The different interpretations about the location of the Palaeotethys suture in Thailand are revised, the Tertiary Mae Yuam fault is seen as the emplacement of the suture. East of the suture we identify an Indochina derived terrane for which we keep the name Shan–Thai, formerly used to identify the Cimmerian block present in Southeast Asia, now called Sibumasu. This nomenclatural choice was made on the basis of the geographic location of the terrane (Eastern Shan States in Burma and Central Thailand) and in order not to introduce new confusing terminology. The closure of the Eastern Palaeotethys is related to a southward subduction of the ocean, that triggered the Eastern Neotethys to open as a back-arc, due to the presence of Late Carboniferous–Early Permian arc magmatism in Mergui (Burma) and in the Lhasa block (South Tibet), and to the absence of arc magmatism of the same age East of the suture. In order to explain the presence of Carboniferous–Early Permian and Permo-Triassic volcanic arcs in Cambodia, Upper Triassic magmatism in Eastern Vietnam and Lower Permian–Middle Permian arc volcanites in Western Sumatra, we introduce the Orang Laut terranes concept. These terranes were detached from Indochina and South China during back-arc opening of the Poko–Song Ma system, due to the westward subduction of the Palaeopacific. This also explains the location of the Cathaysian West Sumatra block to the West of the Cimmerian Sibumasu block. 相似文献
16.
南海西缘新生代沉积盆地形成动力学探讨 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
通过对南海西缘新生代沉积盆地伸展作用、沉降、构造变形等特征分析,检查印支地块多条近北西向走滑断裂时间、幅度等特征以及与盆地之间联系,结果表明印度-欧亚碰撞引起的逃逸作用与南海西缘新生代盆地没有直接的成因联系;两个与俯冲有关的不同扩张机制与南海西缘新生代盆地有成因联系,即(1)太平洋板块在古新世到始新世的滚动后退,太平洋-欧亚板块汇聚速率的降低驱使这些盆地产生初始伸展作用;(2)渐新世到中中新世古南海南倾俯冲板块的拖曳力,进一步驱使这些盆地的伸展及接着的南海扩张. 相似文献
17.
Understanding the roles of Cenozoic strike-slip faults in SE Asia observed in outcrop onshore, with their offshore continuation has produced a variety of structural models (particularly pull-apart vs. oblique extension, escape tectonics vs. slab-pull-driven extension) to explain their relationships to sedimentary basins. Key problems with interpreting the offshore significance of major strike-slip faults are: (1) reconciling conflicting palaeomagnetic data, (2) discriminating extensional, and oblique-extensional fault geometries from strike-slip geometries on 2D seismic reflection data, and (3) estimating strike-slip displacements from seismic reflection data.Focus on basic strike-slip fault geometries such as restraining vs. releasing bends, and strongly splaying geometries approach the gulfs of Thailand and Tonkin, suggest major strike-slip faults probably do not extend far offshore Splays covering areas 10,000’s km2 in extent are characteristic of the southern portions of the Sagaing, Mae Ping, Three Pagodas and Ailao Shan-Red River faults, and are indicative of major faults dying out. The areas of the fault tips associated with faults of potentially 100 km+ displacement, scale appropriately with global examples of strike-slip faults on log–log displacement vs. tip area plots. The fault geometries in the Song Hong-Yinggehai Basin are inappropriate for a sinistral pull-apart geometry, and instead the southern fault strands of the Ailao Shan-Red River fault are interpreted to die out within the NW part of the Song Hong-Yinggehai Basin. Hence the fault zone does not transfer displacement onto the South China Seas spreading centre. The strike-slip faults are replaced by more extensional, oblique-extensional fault systems offshore to the south. The Sagaing Fault is also superimposed on an older Paleogene–Early Miocene oblique-extensional rift system. The Sagaing Fault geometry is complex, and one branch of the offshore fault zone transfers displacement onto the Pliocene-Recent Andaman spreading centre, and links with the West Andaman and related faults to form a very large pull-apart basin. 相似文献
18.
泰国岩溶面积约占中南半岛岩溶面积的1/4,横跨近11个纬度。泰国岩溶作用强烈,地貌奇特,类型多样,既有典型的高原坡立谷岩溶,也有典型的峰丛洼地谷地和滨海峰林岩溶地貌,因而在全球岩溶对比研究中具有重要地位。本文在初步查明泰国岩溶分布、典型岩溶区的水文地球化学特征的基础上,分析了泰国岩溶发育的主要特点和动力条件,并与中国西南岩溶作了对比,旨在推动中国与中南半岛岩溶的对比以及全球现代岩溶的对比研究。 相似文献
19.
Determination of Sm‐Nd Isotopic Compositions in Fifteen Geological Materials Using Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS and Application to Monazite Geochronology of Metasedimentary Rock in the North China Craton 
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下载免费PDF全文 Lei Xu Jinhui Yang Qian Ni Yueheng Yang Zhaochu Hu Yongsheng Liu Yuanbao Wu Tao Luo Shenghong Hu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2018,42(3):379-394
In this study, we report both 143Nd/144Nd and 147Sm/144Nd values in twelve minerals (apatite, titanite, monazite and eudialyte) based on analyses over 4 years using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The positive correlation between the measured βSm and βNd (r2 = 0.9981) over this time in our laboratory demonstrates the excellent long‐term stability of the method. Compared with the normal method, Sm and Nd signal intensities were improved by a factor of 2.9 with the use of X skimmer and Jet sample cones in combination with the addition of nitrogen at 3–6 ml min?1 to the central gas flow. The enhancement of signal intensity benefits the accurate in situ determination of the Sm‐Nd isotopes of samples poor in these elements. 143Nd/144Nd values were also determined in two manganese nodules and GSMC Co‐rich crust with low mass fractions of Nd (94–293 μg g?1). Generally, most of the obtained Sm‐Nd isotopic compositions in these geological materials are consistent with published values. ‘External reproducibility’ (2s) of 143Nd/144Nd and 147Sm/144Nd was typically better than 0.06‰ and 2.5‰, respectively, demonstrating that the Durango, Otter Lake, NW‐1 and MAD apatites, the Khan, and OLT‐1 titanites, MGMH#117531 monazite and LV01 eudialyte are promising candidate reference materials for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. The Trebilcock, Mae Klang and 44069 monazites are only suitable for in situ Nd isotopic determinations because of their heterogeneous Sm/Nd compositions. The heterogeneous Sm‐Nd composition of titanite BLR‐1 demonstrates that it is not a suitable reference material for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. Deep‐sea samples (NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 manganese nodule, GSMC Co‐rich crust) with low mass fractions of Nd also show homogenous Nd isotopic compositions. Sm‐Nd isotopic ratios of a monazite (MQG‐22) from the North China Craton were measured as a case study and gave a 147Sm‐143Nd isochron age of 1792 ± 35 Ma (MSWD = 3.2) consistent with the published metamorphic age of the host metasedimentary rocks. The results for both candidate reference materials and geological samples demonstrate that the in situ LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical protocol described is feasible and robust for research in geological evolution. 相似文献