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1.
QIAN Yibing WU Zhaoning ZHANG Liyun SHI Qingdong JIANG Jin TANG Lisong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):447-455
1IntroductionStudy on the interrelationship between vegetation patterns and their habitat heterogeneity is important to recover and rehabilitate the desert vegetation, stabilize the desert ecosystem and prevent desert expansion. Domestic and foreign researchers have carried out many studies on this topic (Archer etal., 2002; Bolling etal., 2000; Chen etal., 2003; Dasti etal., 1994; Gu etal., 2002, Li etal., 2001; Li etal., 2001; Liang etal., 2003), which have used and refined statistic tech… 相似文献
2.
This paper reports a geomorphologic landscape investigation, vegetation survey and soil sampling at 14 sites across the Gurbantunggut Desert between 87o37'09'-88o24'04'E and 44o14'04'-45o41'52'N. The study encountered 8 species of low trees and shrubs, 5 of perennial herbs, 8 of annual plants and 48 of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants. These species of plants represent one-third of the species found in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and their communities make up a large proportion of desert vegetation with great landscape significance. In the investigation we found that the plant communities are accordingly succeeded with the spatial variation of macro-ecoenvironment. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) we found that the micro-ecoenvironment heterogeneity of aeolian sandy soil's physical and chemical properties such as soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil salt, pH etc. only impacted the diversity of herb synusia (PIEherb) of the desert, with a negative correlation. Meanwhile, the impact of microhabitat on the plant community pattern with an antagonistic interaction made vegetation's eco-distribution in a temporary equilibrium. 相似文献
3.
This paper reports a geomorphologic landscape investigation, vegetation survey and soil sampling at 14 sites across the Gurbantunggut Desert between 87°37′09"-88°24′04"E and 44°14′04"-45°41′52′Nl. The study encountered 8 species of low trees and shrubs, 5 of perennial herbs, 8of annual plants and 48 of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants. These species of plants represent one-third of the species found in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and their communities make up a large proportion of desert vegetation with great landscape significance. In the investigation we found that the plant communities are accordingly succeeded with the spatial variation of macro-ecoenvironment.Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) we found that the micro-ecoenvironment heterogeneity of aeolian sandy soil′s physical and chemical properties such as soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil salt, pH etc. only impacted the diversity of herb synusia (PIEherb) of the desert, with a negative correlation. Meanwhile, the impact of microhabitat on the plant community pattern with an antagonistic interaction made vegetation′s eco-distribution in a temporary equilibrium. 相似文献
4.
WEI Peng AN Shazhou KE Mei LI Chao HOU Yurong LAN Jiyong KANG Shuai JIN Junpeng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(6):840-848
Enclosure is commonly used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, the effects of enclosure on grassland plant and soil restoration remain controversial, particularly in deserts. To assess the effects of enclosure on desert plants and soil properties, using high throughput sequencing, the differences between plants and soil were systematically analyzed before and after enclosure construction. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the three desert flora increased and decreased, but the difference was not significant; enclosure increased plant height, coverage, aboveground biomass, and species richness by 58.99%, 59.35%, 33.29%, and 51.21%, respectively, in a Seriphidium transiliense formation; by 15.49%, 33.52%, 20.85%, and 5.13%, respectively, in a Haloxylon persicum formation; and by 83.80%, 31.51%, 76.66% and 33.33%, respectively, in an Anabasis salsa formation. For soil bacteria, enclosure significantly increased the average number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon-Wiener index by 12.74% and 2.92%, respectively, under S. transiliense formation and by 17.08% and 3.17%, respectively, under H. persicum formation. However, enclosure had no significant effect on the average number of operational taxonomic units or Shannon-Wiener index under A. salsa formation. Enclosure significantly increased desert plants, soil bacterial diversity, and desert plant community productivity; however, the increase in soil nutrient content was not significant. These results demonstrate that enclosure is effective for restoring desert ecosystems but may have little effect on the soil nutrient content. 相似文献
5.
新疆准噶尔盆地典型荒漠区不同景观植被对土壤养分的影响 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
在群落演替的不同阶段,土壤与植被之间存在不同的互动关系。在新疆准噶尔盆地南缘,选择荒漠-绿洲交错区、沙漠边缘、沙漠腹地典型景观类型取样,监测不同景观条件下土壤水分、土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和植被盖度。结果表明,不同景观植被盖度、土壤水分、土壤养分含量存在显著的差异性(P0.5)。土壤水分含量、植被盖度、土壤养分含量表现为荒漠-绿洲交错区沙漠边缘沙漠腹地的变化趋势;土壤含水量由荒漠-绿洲交错带10.4%递减到沙漠边缘5.8%、沙漠腹地3.5%;植被盖度、土壤养分含量随土壤类型由荒漠灰钙土向风沙土过渡,呈现显著的下降趋势。在相同土壤属性情况下,植被盖度与土壤有机质、土壤全氮之间存在显著的线性正相关关系,表明不同区域内植被在一定程度上影响土壤养分的积累。 相似文献
6.
WANG Fang HE Yongtao FU Gang NIU Ben ZHANG Haorui LI Meng WANG Zhipeng WANG Xiangtao ZHANG Xianzhou 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):290-297
Enclosure is one of the most widely used management tools for degraded alpine grassland on the northern Tibetan Plateau, but the responses of different types of grassland to enclosure may vary, and research on these responses can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological conservation. This study took one site for each of three grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) on the northern Tibetan Plateau as examples, and explored the effects of enclosure on plant and soil nutrients by comparing differences in plant community biomass, leaf-soil nutrient content and their stoichiometry between samples from inside and outside the fence. The results showed that enclosure can significantly increase all aboveground biomass in these three grassland types, but it only increased the 10-20 cm underground biomass in the alpine desert. Enclosure also significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of the dominant plants and contents of total nitrogen (N), total potassium (K), and organic carbon (C) in 10-20 cm soil in alpine desert, thus changing the stoichiometry between C, N and P (phosphorus). However, enclosure significantly increased only the N content of dominant plant leaves in alpine steppe, while other nutrients and stoichiometries of both plant leaves and soil did not show significant differences in alpine meadow and alpine steppe. These results suggested that enclosure has differential effects on these three types of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and the alpine desert showed the most active ecological conservation in the responses of its soil and plant nutrients. 相似文献
7.
The typical patchy structure of dryland vegetation is a result of soil–plant feedbacks occurring in water-limited areas. The resilience of dryland ecosystems depends largely on the persistence of fertility islands associated with vegetated patches, which determines the efficiency of the vegetation regarding recolonising the gaps that result from disturbances. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying soil–plant interactions throughout the process of the growth and senescence of alpha grass (Macrochloa tenacissima) and the subsequent disintegration of islands of fertility and microtopography formed during the process at two nearby alpha grass communities exhibiting different degrees of development. The life cycle of alpha grass and the rise and disintegration of the underlying microrelief were accompanied by feedback changes in the content of soil C fractions presenting different times of cycling and incorporation to the soil, the collection of particles from splash erosion, redistribution phenomena related to particles of different sizes, and erosion of the most easily erodible materials. Despite their ecological and geographical proximity, the study sites differ with respect to the persistence, after plant death, of fertility islands, which almost disappear in one case, while they remain in the other, constituting a resource for the growth of new plants and resulting in greater development and resilience in the community. A subtle erodibility threshold emerges as a cause of the considerable differences in vegetation between the two sites. 相似文献
8.
黄土丘陵沟壑区作物生产潜力影响因素分析——以王家沟流域为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀非常严重、作物产量低而不稳以及农业生产力水平低下的特点 ,本文首先分析了近几年来王家沟流域不同种类和不同年份作物生产力变化的特征 ,然后在地理信息系统 (GIS)技术支持下 ,利用基于土壤侵蚀条件下的YIELD作物生产力模型并结合各作物的实际观测资料 ,从降雨量、气温等气象因素以及地膜覆盖、施肥、梯田等耕作措施两方面分析了该小流域作物生产力变化的原因 ,结果表明在气象因素 (大气降水 )和土壤侵蚀的共同影响下 ,土壤水分和养分的变化是影响该区域作物生产力变化的主要制约因素。 相似文献
9.
黄土丘陵沟壑区作物生产潜力影响因素分析——以王家沟流域为例 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
针对黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀非常严重、作物产量低而不稳以及农业生产力水平低下的特点,本文首先分析了近几年来王家沟流域不同种类和不同年份作物生产力变化的特征,然后在地理信息系统(GIS)技术支持下,利用基于土壤侵蚀条件下的YIELD作物生产力模型并结合各作物的实际观测资料,从降雨量、气温等气象因素以及地膜覆盖、施肥、梯田等耕作措施两方面分析了该小流域作物生产力变化的原因,结果表明在气象因素(大气降水)和土壤侵蚀的共同影响下,土壤水分和养分的变化是影响该区域作物生产力变化的主要制约因素。 相似文献
10.
F. Farías J. Orlando L. Bravo R. Guevara M. Carú 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(12):1117-1124
The spatial heterogeneity of resources in desert and semi-arid shrubland appears to be important in determining higher soil bacteria abundance around plants than in soil without plant cover. Thus, these bacterial communities could be important contributors to nutrient cycling in arid ecosystems. Bacterial diversity from Chilean sclerophyllous matorral was determined by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). Soil samples associated with the actinorhizal plant Colletia hystrix, non-actinorhizal plants and interspace soil without plant cover, were collected in May and October. The non-actinorhizal and interspace soil differed significantly in their potassium content in May and pH in October. The T-RFLP analysis revealed differences in the bacterial community structure from the different habitats. The soil bacterial communities associated with plants were the most similar, whereas the interspace soil community differed in both sampling times. The factors that best explained the groupings were potassium and pH. The greatest diversity was observed in the interspace soil. The Microbial Community Analysis showed a significant proportion of T-RFs identified as Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Likewise, spatial and temporal differences were observed in the main groups' abundance. The dominance of Firmicutes suggests that the sclerophyllous matorral could be a different ecosystem to other arid and semi-arid soils with respect to the bacterial community structure. 相似文献
11.
研究呼伦贝尔沙地植物群落与土壤特征相互关系有助于促进中国北方的生态恢复与重建工作。分析了呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带58个样地174个样方的植物和土壤的调查数据，调查到94种植物，分属于26科64属，其中菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Gramineae）、豆科（Leguminosae）和蔷薇科（Rosaceae）为前四大科，占总物种数55.33%。采用Ward系统分类法，将所调查植被分为4类。寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落（Carex duriuscula-Potentilla bifurca） Tsallis多样性最高，冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落（Agropyron cristatum-Potentilla acaulis-Cleistogenes squarrosa） Tsallis多样性最低。不同植物群落间土壤物理特性有显著差异，化学特征差异不显著。随着土层深度的增加，各群落土壤全氮、全磷、有机质含量逐渐降低，表聚现象明显，脚薹草-贝加尔针茅群落（Carex pediformis-Stipa baicalensis）和冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落养分层次特征显著，羊草群落（Leymus chinensis）和寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落养分层次特征不明显。CCA排序结果表明影响植被群落物种分布的土壤因子有全氮、全磷、有机质、pH和土壤水分，其中深层土壤全氮、全磷、有机质（20~40 cm土层）的作用最显著。呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带植物群落分布存在较显著差异，呈现出斑块状分布规律，而土壤养分对植被群落格局具有重要影响。 相似文献
12.
荒漠生态系统C、N、P生态化学计量研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态化学计量学是通过研究生物有机体主要元素含量及其比值的变化关系,揭示生态系统各组分间元素循环规律的一门学科,生态化学计量也是荒漠生态系统研究的重要内容。因此,综合掌握水分和养分限制环境下C、N、P生态化学计量的关系对揭示荒漠生态系统植物的限制性元素、土壤营养的供给能力、养分的有效性等都具有重要的意义。基于此,回顾和分析了国内外荒漠生态系统C、N、P生态化学计量最新研究和动态,分别从植物、凋落物、土壤、土壤微生物、土壤酶进行较为系统的评述,讨论了植物-土壤-微生物-酶四者的关系,提出了荒漠生态系统C、N、P生态化学计量的未来研究方向,期望为全面理解固沙植被的演变过程、稳定性维持机制及其科学管理提供理论指导。 相似文献
13.
14.
科尔沁沙地人工林下结皮发育对表土特性影响的研究 总被引：13，自引：11，他引：2
通过野外取样和室内分析相结合,对科尔沁沙地不同生长年限人工林下土壤结皮的理化性质及结皮发育对表层土壤特性的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,3 a、15 a生杨树林下分别发育了物理结皮、地衣结皮和苔藓结皮,15 a、25 a生樟子松林下均发育了苔藓结皮,结皮的厚度、紧实度、水分、粘粉粒含量及全效、速效养分等随物理结皮向苔藓结皮的发育依次增加。同时,结皮的存在增加了其下层土壤颗粒组成中的极细沙和粘粉粒含量,富集了结皮下土壤的有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等养分,而且结皮对下层土壤的这些影响作用从物理结皮、地衣结皮到苔藓结皮呈逐渐增长的趋势。同一结皮下土壤粘粉粒含量、养分含量在0—5 cm范围内由表及里呈递减趋势,但均高于对照无结皮层相对应的值。25 a生樟子松林下发育的苔藓结皮及其下层土壤的理化状况明显优于其他人工林下结皮的情况。 相似文献
15.
P.L. Sassi P.A. Taraborelli C.E. Borghi R.A. Ojeda 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(4-5):537-541
Plant assemblages' dynamics have been studied to evaluate the influence of different environmental factors. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of a disturbance in the form of livestock grazing on annual plants, in a South American desert. We tested the exclusion of cattle grazing by comparing the composition of annual plants in three major vegetation types within a MaB Reserve in the Monte Desert of Argentina, with those of an adjacent grazed field. Sampling was conducted in two consecutive years that differed in precipitation. We established three sampling sites within each vegetation type at the reserve and the grazed field. Transects were set to assess plant cover, abundance, and richness. Theoretically, changes in diversity are explained by changes in one of its components: species richness. Species richness of annual plants was not different between the grazed and ungrazed sites. However, plant cover and diversity were lower in grazed sites, whereas abundance increased. Owing to a strong species-specific effect, we propose that it is evenness the main parameter involved in diversity dynamics in the heterogeneous vegetation mosaic of the Monte desert. Finally, vegetation types (spatial heterogeneity) and rainfall regime (temporal heterogeneity) greatly interacted with grazing effects. We endorse the idea that rapid responses of annual plant assemblages to changes in rainfall conditions coupled with herbivore control, might result in a restoration pathway for degraded arid landscapes. 相似文献
16.
Ronen Kadmon 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,36(4):557-564
A field experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that competitive interactions affect demographic responses of desert dune annuals to gradients in sand stability. The experiment was based on a three-way factorial design with two types of neighbor treatments (complete neighbor removalvs. control), two types of habitats (stablevs. unstable sands) and two species which characterize sandy areas of the western Negev Desert (Neurada procumbensandBromus fasciculatus). Each of the eight treatment/habitat/species combinations was characterized by three demographic variables: seedling survival to reproduction, fruit number per reproductive plant and fruit number per seedling. All of these variables exhibited significant interactions between the effects of neighbor removal and habitat type, indicating that neighbor conditions were important in determining the observed patterns of demographic variation. Moreover, while plants ofNeurada procumbensgrowing without neighbors suffered more mortality on unstable sands, conspecific plants growing at natural density conditions suffered more mortality on stable sands. In the case ofBromus fasciculatus, individuals growing in the absence of competitive effects produced more fruits on stable sands, but conspecific plants growing at natural density conditions exhibited higher fruit production on unstable sands. These findings indicate that competitive effects not only modify, but may even reverse demographic responses of desert dune annuals to gradients in sand stability. Based on these results and evidence from two other studies it is suggested that seed dispersal from abiotically favorable into less favorable habitats may increase fitness of desert annuals by reducing the average effect of competition. 相似文献
17.
The accelerated urbanization has resulted in new soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region since the 1980s. A concept of urban
erosion and its impacts on environment are discussed. The experimental studies and field investigations show that those loose
silt and earth piles formed by urban construction can be eroded seriously: Under stormy rain, the amount of sediment from
steep man-dumped slope is 10.8–12.2 times that of from uncovered slope land; the result of experiments with the wind tunnel
also shows that the damage to the surface structure of dry loess can cause serious soil erosion by wind in some cities of
the region. Even if in the urban built-up area, there are many loose sandy soil, mud and silt, which are washed into rivers
by city’s ground flow in the rainy season. So, anthropogenically induced soil erosion has made soil erosion more serious around
the urban areas. And the urban eroded environment has several characteristics such as fragility, complexity, seasonality and
quick variability. Urban areas witness a quick economic growth and have more construction projects than rural areas, which
brings more intensive changes of environments during a short period of time or adds some new elements to the erosion system.
Therefore erosion has experienced more intensive impact by human activities. So, the possible impact of urbanization on erosion
environment must be taken into consideration when designing or planning to exploit natural resources or to develop urban areas
in the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
18.
荒漠植物群落物种多样性及其测度指标比较 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
多样性指数及其测度指标的选择是群落多样性测度研究的基础,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度和均匀度的10种测定指数,分别以多度、盖度和重要值为测度指标,对克拉玛依农业综合开发区外围荒漠植物群落的物种多样性进行了定量测定,并对所选择的多样性指数进行了相关性分析和主成分分析。分析结果表明：对于荒漠植物群落,以重要值为测度指标的群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度、均匀度测定结果比以多度和盖度为测度指标的测定结果更为合理;在多样性测定指数中,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数反映的群落多样性更为合理;荒漠植物群落的均匀度指数与多样性指数的相关性比丰富度指数与多样性指数的相关性高,说明物种组成相对稀少的荒漠植物群落其物种多样指数的高低主要取决于物种在群落中的均匀度。 相似文献
19.
A. Yair 《Geomorphology》1995,13(1-4)
The importance of vegetal cover on soil erosion processes has been recognized for a long time. However, the short and long term effects of faunal activity on soil erosion and soil development had been largely overlooked by geomorphologists. The study of runoff and erosion processes in the Negev desert indicated pronounced systematic differences in sediment concentration and soil erosion rates between rocky and colluvial surfaces. Erosion rates were always higher on the former than on the latter. Field observations drew attention to an intense burrowing and digging activity conducted mainly by Isopods and Porcupines. The monitoring of this activity, based on a grid system, which consists of rows 5 m wide, lasted ten consecutive years. Data obtained suggest the existence of a strong link between the spatial pattern of bioturbation and that of soil erosion. The study also examines, through feedback processes, the regulatory role of bioturbation on the spatial distribution of water availability; soil moisture and soil forming processes. Due to bioturbation two distinct environments were recognised. The rocky environment which is characterized by a positive feedback with a high water availability and low soil salinity; and the soil covered areas where a negative feedback results in low water availability and a high soil salinity. 相似文献
20.
The accelerated urbanization has resulted in new soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region since the 1980s. A concept of urban erosion and its impacts on environment are discussed. The experimental studies and field investigations show that those loose silt and earth piles formed by urban construction can be eroded seriously: Under stormy rain, the amount of sediment from steep man-dumped slope is 10.8-12.2 times that of from uncovered slope land; the result of experiments with the wind tunnel also shows that the damage to the surface structure of dry loess can cause serious soil erosion by wind in some cities of the region. Even if in the urban built-up area, there are many loose sandy soil, mud and silt, which are washed into rivers by city’s ground flow in the rainy season. So, anthropogenically induced soil erosion has made soil erosion more serious around the urban areas. And the urban eroded environment has several characteristics such as fragility, complexity, seasonality and quick variability. Urban areas witness a quick economic growth and have more construction projects than rural areas, which brings more intensive changes of environments during a short period of time or adds some new elements to the erosion system. Therefore erosion has experienced more intensive impact by human activities. So, the possible impact of urbanization on erosion environment must be taken into consideration when designing or planning to exploit natural resources or to develop urban areas in the Loess Plateau. 相似文献