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1.
New geochemical data are presented on the magmatic rocks of the Late Jurassic Koksharovka alkaline-ultrabasic massif, which is associated with deposits of vermiculite, apatite, V-bearing titanomagnetite, and placer isoferroplatinum. The REE geochemistry and strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopic composition of carbonatites and related ijolites and pyroxenites, together with geological observations, point to the magmatic origin of the Koksharovka carbonatites. The origin of associated magmatic rocks is discussed. Trace element modeling of partial melting of mantle sources was conducted to decipher the genesis of the melts of the Koksharovka carbonatites and host titanite-kaersutite pyroxenites.  相似文献   

2.
Petrogenetic studies of carbonatites are challenging, because carbonatite mineral assemblages and mineral chemistry typically reflect both variable pressure–temperature conditions during crystallization and fluid–rock interaction caused by magmatic–hydrothermal fluids. However, this complexity results in recognizable alteration textures and trace-element signatures in the mineral archive that can be used to reconstruct the magmatic evolution and fluid–rock interaction history of carbonatites. We present new LA–ICP–MS trace-element data for magnetite, calcite, siderite, and ankerite–dolomite–kutnohorite from the iron-rich carbonatites of the 1.3 Ga Grønnedal–Íka alkaline complex, Southwest Greenland. We use these data, in combination with detailed cathodoluminescence imaging, to identify magmatic and secondary geochemical fingerprints preserved in these minerals. The chemical and textural gradients show that a 55 m-thick basaltic dike that crosscuts the carbonatite intrusion has acted as the pathway for hydrothermal fluids enriched in F and CO2, which have caused mobilization of the LREEs, Nb, Ta, Ba, Sr, Mn, and P. These fluids reacted with and altered the composition of the surrounding carbonatites up to a distance of 40 m from the dike contact and caused formation of magnetite through oxidation of siderite. Our results can be used for discrimination between primary magmatic minerals and later alteration-related assemblages in carbonatites in general, which can lead to a better understanding of how these rare rocks are formed. Our data provide evidence that siderite-bearing ferrocarbonatites can form during late stages of calciocarbonatitic magma evolution.  相似文献   

3.
岩浆(型)碳酸岩研究进展   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  
主要从岩石学，矿物学，岩石分类，C，O，Sr同位素，碳酸岩与矿化的关系等各方面对（碱性）碳酸岩的研究进行了较为全面的总结，并结合近20年来实验岩石等，流体包裹体研究，CO2^- H2O－NaCl流体体系的性质的研究，对碳酸岩岩浆的来源及成因，岩浆－热液的演化进行了分析和探讨，碳酸岩形成至少经历了三个阶段，即岩浆阶段，岩浆期后阶段（气相碳酸岩／岩浆热液阶段），交代碳酸岩阶段，而作为与碳酸岩在空间和成因上有密切联系的基性，超基性岩，碱性岩杂岩体，则经历了碳酸岩成岩阶段以前的岩浆不混熔作用，结晶分异作用，岩浆结晶作用以及碳酸岩形成之后的围岩蚀变（霓长岩化）作用。  相似文献   

4.
Associated syenitic rocks and carbonatites from Ihouhaouene, Algeria, have been investigated for their Sr and Nd isotope and trace element geochemistry. A zircon U-Pb emplacement age (1994 +22 -17 Ma) has been obtained from the carbonatites. The REE characteristics, among which the significant and approximately constant negative Eu anomaly and the evolution of (La/Ce)N and (Yb/Lu)N ratios which increase sympathetically with total REE abundances, are considered to be of purely magmatic origin. They are used to constrain the genetic links between syenites and carbonatites. Sr and Nd isotopes suggest a similar source for carbonatites and syenites, which is enriched compared to a chondritic reference: Nd(T)=-6.4 to -8.6 and ISr(T)=0.7097. These features are interpreted as evidence of contamination of a mantle-derived magmatic precursor by continental crust, occurring in a magmatic chamber.  相似文献   

5.
碳酸岩Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学研究评述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
碳酸岩是出露相对较少的幔源岩石，其中Sr与Nd是研究地幔物质组成的主要对象之一。本文统计了世界上主要碳酸岩的锶、钕、铅同位素组成特征；研究显示，碳酸岩源区主要是洋岛玄武岩高U／Pb的HIMU端员和富集端员(EM1或EM2)的混合作用；此外大部分碳酸岩的锶、钕同位素落在大洋玄武岩范围内；这些均表明其成因与地慢柱有密切联系。碳酸岩及与之共生的硅酸岩的同源或独立源区模式部很难充分解释两者同位素组成特征，逭反映碳酸岩的演化模式涉及更复杂的过程。可能是俯冲作用使碳酸岩源区经历不同时间和程度的富集、亏损过程导致地幔源区成分不均一。  相似文献   

6.
Carbonatite magmas precipitate silicates, in addition to the abundant carbonates, oxides, and phosphates. Calculated silica activities for equilibria involving silicates and a silica component in magmatic liquids predict specific assemblages for silicate and oxide phases in carbonatites. These assemblages provide tests of alternative sources (carbonatite magma, coeval silicate magma, or older rock) for silicate minerals in carbonatites. Quartz, feldspars, and orthopyroxene are unlikely to be primary magmatic phases in carbonatites, because the silica activity in carbonatite magmas is too low to stabilize these minerals. Zircon and titanite should be unstable relative to baddeleyite and perovskite, respectively, but they do occur in carbonatites. Liquids dominated by carbonate are strongly nonideal with respect to dissolved silica. Consequently, activity coefficients for a silica component in carbonatite liquids are >>1, so that small mole fractions of SiO2 translate into silica activities sufficient to stabilize phlogopite, clinopyroxene, amphibole, monticellite, and forsterite, among other silicates. Examination of silicate mineral assemblages in carbonatites in the light of silica activity indicates that many carbonatites are contaminated by solid silicate phases from external sources but these xenocrysts can be discriminated from magmatic minerals.  相似文献   

7.
For better understanding of the fluid phase sources of carbonatites of Guli alkaline-ultrabasic intrusion (Maymecha-Kotuy complex) we have studied isotope composition of He and Ne in the carbonatites of different formation stages. The data definitely point to the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) as a primary source of fluid phase of Guli carbonatites. The absence of plume signature in such a plume-like object (from petrological point of view) could be explained in terms that Guli carbonatites have been formed at the waning stage of plume magmatic activity with an essential input of SCLM components.  相似文献   

8.
The magmatic heritage of carbonatites can be identified on the basis of a combination of geological criteria such as, their mode of occurrence, the nature of associated igneous rocks, the presence of minerals of igneous origin, fenitization, characteristic trace element contents and isotopic composition. Late Proterozoic Samalpatti carbonatites were studied in view of these criteria, and were found to contain metamorphic minerals that normally form under thermal metamorphic conditions and which have unusual chemical compositions. A combination of criteria points clearly to a magmatic origin for these carbonatites. Field relations indicate that the dominant modes of intrusion of carbonatite into the encompassing pyroxenites and syenites include small dykes, veins, or lenses. The igneous nature of these carbonatites has been described elsewhere and chemically they are classified as calico-carbonatites. Currently, very little is known about the metamorphic textures and mineralogy observed in the Samalpatti carbonatites. In this study, several metamorphic minerals are reported including diopside, grossularite, vesuvianite, K-feldspar and wollastonite, and a hornfelsic texture is described. These mineral phases and texture characterize thermal metamorphism under low pressure and high temperature (LP-HT) metamorphic conditions (650°_750°C) or metasomatism aided by hot-fluid advection. The metamorphic nature of minerals reported is also confirmed by electron microprobe study. The Samalpatti carbonatite samples show much lower values of characteristic trace elements (P, Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb, Th, Y and REEs) than average concentrations for magmatic carbonatite. Stable isotopic (d13C and d18O) compositions of Samalpatti carbonatites do not fall in the primary igneous carbonatite (PIC) domain. The petrological and chemical signatures of these carbonatites suggest metasomatism in conjunction with fluid advection. Such a metasomatic process may drastically change the chemistry of the rocks in addition to enrichment of heavier stable isotopes. During this metasomatic process, characteristic elements would be dissolved in the high d18O fluid, and together with Rayleigh fractionation would contribute to enhanced concentrations of 13C and 18O in Samalpatti carbonatites.  相似文献   

9.
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) and carbonatites   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
There is increasing evidence that many carbonatites are linked both spatially and temporally with large igneous provinces (LIPs), i.e. high volume, short duration, intraplate-type, magmatic events consisting mainly of flood basalts and their plumbing systems (of dykes, sills and layered intrusions). Examples of LIP-carbonatite associations include: i. the 66 Ma Deccan flood basalt province associated with the Amba Dongar, Sarnu-Dandali (Barmer), and Mundwara carbonatites and associated alkali rocks, ii. the 130 Ma Paraná-Etendeka (e.g. Jacupiranga, Messum); iii. the 250 Ma Siberian LIP that includes a major alkaline province, Maimecha-Kotui with numerous carbonatites, iv. the ca. 370 Ma Kola Alkaline Province coeval with basaltic magmatism widespread in parts of the East European craton, and v. the 615–555 Ma CIMP (Central Iapetus Magmatic Province) of eastern Laurentia and western Baltica. In the Superior craton, Canada, a number of carbonatites are associated with the 1114–1085 Ma Keweenawan LIP and some are coeval with the pan-Superior 1880 Ma mafic-ultramafic magmatism. In addition, the Phalaborwa and Shiel carbonatites are associated with the 2055 Ma Bushveld event of the Kaapvaal craton. The frequency of this LIP-carbonatite association suggests that LIPs and carbonatites might be considered as different evolutionary ‘pathways’ in a single magmatic process/system. The isotopic mantle components FOZO, HIMU, EM1 but not DMM, along with primitive noble gas signatures in some carbonatites, suggest a sub-lithospheric mantle source for carbonatites, consistent with a plume/asthenospheric upwelling origin proposed for many LIPs.  相似文献   

10.
鲁中隆起北缘分布有100多个燕山期的碳酸岩体.它们的分布受淄河断裂及禹王山断裂派生的次级断裂控制。主要有碳酸云母岩、云母碳酸岩及碳酸角砾岩三类碳酸岩,多呈岩床产出,另有两个角砾岩筒。根据产状、结构、构造、化学成分及矿物中包裹体等特征,认为是与金伯利岩有成因联系的岩浆产物。推测其深部可能存在一个较大的碳酸岩体,可能出现以稀有元素Nb为主的矿化。  相似文献   

11.
The study of radioactive element distribution in the rocks of the Guli Complex revealed an increase of uranium and thorium contents in the final products of magmatic differentiation. In the carbonatite complex, the radioactive elements are mainly accumulated in the early rocks—phoscorites, while their contents in the late phases, dolomitic carbonatites, decrease. The Th/U ratio increases from near-chondritic values in the weakly differentiated highly-magnesian primary magmas to the late rocks—phoscorites, calcitic carbonatites, and dolomitic carbonatites. The majority of radioactive elements are hosted in rare-metal accessory minerals: perovskite, pyrochlore, calzirtite, and apatite. Rock-forming minerals are characterized by extremely low contents of radioactive elements.  相似文献   

12.
A. Dem  ny  A. Ahijado  R. Casillas  T. W. Vennemann 《Lithos》1998,44(3-4):101-115
Fuerteventura—the second largest of the Canary Islands consists of Mesozoic sediments, submarine volcanic rocks, dike swarms and plutons of the Basal Complex, and younger subaerial basaltic and trachytic series. Carbonatites are found in two Basal Complex exposures: the Betancuria Massif in the central part of the island and the Esquinzo area in the north. values of the carbonatites increase progressively from south to north of the island. This phenomenon is attributed to different degrees of assimilation of sedimentary carbonate. Homogeneous, typically magmatic values for carbonatites which have preserved primary igneous textures and minerals suggest a well-mixed reservoir where changes in values result from the storage of carbonate magmas at different structural levels. The magma storage allowed assimilation of sediment to varying degrees before final emplacement of carbonatites. Shifts in towards more positive and negative values from presumed primary compositions are observed in the carbonatites. On the basis of the oxygen isotope compositions of calcite, mica and K-feldspar, and the hydrogen isotope compositions of micas, the changes in the values of the carbonatites can be related to fluid/rock interactions.  相似文献   

13.
The lower sill at Benfontein, South Africa, shows a high degree of magmatic sedimentation to kimberlite, oxide-carbonate, and carbonate layers. The iron-titanium oxide minerals are similar in the carbonate-rich and silicate-rich layers and are represented by titaniferous Mg-Al chromite, Mg-Al titanomagnetite, magnesian ilmenite, rutile, and perovskite. The spinel crystallization trend was toward enrichment in Mg and Ti and depletion in Cr; this trend is similar to that observed in many kimberlites. The ilmenite has Mg and Cr contents within the range observed in kimberlites and lacks the Mn enrichment observed in ilmenites from carbonatites. Perovskite in silicate-rich and carbonate-rich layers shows similar total REE contents and LREE enrichment and lacks the remarkable Nb enrichment observed in perovskite from carbonatites. These new data on the iron-titanium oxide minerals in the lower Benfontein sill do not support a genetic relationship between kimberlites and carbonatites.  相似文献   

14.
J. Gittins  R.E. Harmer  D.S. Barker   《Lithos》2005,85(1-4):129-139
The concept of compositional bimodality in carbonatites has become widely accepted and has been used to impose restrictions on the composition of carbonatite magmas. We agree that mineralogical bimodality exists in carbonatites (most are either calcitic or dolomitic/ankeritic), but we argue that there is no compositional bimodality. The idea of bimodality is based on the interpretation of a variety of element distribution diagrams which were compiled only from chemical analyses in which SiO2 is < 10 wt.%. All others were rejected. Even with such a restricted data set the case for compositional bimodality is extremely weak, but the inclusion of analyses with higher SiO2 content destroys it completely. Yet these more siliceous compositions must be included, for many carbonatites contain substantial amounts of Fe–Mg silicates which are an essential part of the magmatic mineralogy of the rocks. They account for much of the Mg in carbonatites that are otherwise calcitic. Many such carbonatites contain well in excess of 10 wt.% SiO2. Supporters of the bimodality concept argue that liquids having compositions between calcite and dolomite can precipitate neither calcite nor dolomite because the minimum on the solid solution loops in the system calcite–dolomite permits only a carbonate of intermediate composition. Therefore, it is argued, liquids of such intermediate composition cannot be parental to calcitic and dolomitic carbonatites; their parent magmas must be calcitic and dolomitic. This deduction is incorrect. It is well established that dolomitic liquids have calcite as the liquidus phase over substantial temperature intervals, and that this is followed by dolomite precipitation. Mixed calcite–dolomite carbonatites are explicable in this way. Therefore, dolomitic liquids can be parental to calcitic carbonatites. However, dolomitic carbonatites cannot crystallize from a calcitic liquid. We suggest that intermediate composition carbonatite magmas are probably common. Bimodality in carbonatites is solely mineralogical, not compositional.  相似文献   

15.
In most alkaline-ultrabasic-carbonatite ring complexes, the distribution of trace elements in the successive derivatives of mantle magmas is usually controlled by the Rayleigh equation of fractional crystallization in accordance with their partition coefficients, whereas, that of late derivatives, nepheline syenites and carbonatites, is usually consistent with trends characteristic of silicate-carbonate liquid immiscibility. In contrast to the carbonatites of ring complexes, carbonatites from deep-seated linear zones have no genetic relation with alkaline-ultrabasic magmatism, and the associated alkaline rocks are represented only by the nepheline syenite eutectic association. The geochemical study of magmatic rocks from the Vishnevye Gory nepheline syenite-carbonatite complex (Urals), which is assigned to the association of deep-seated linear zones, showed that neither differentiation of a parental melt nor liquid immiscibility could produce the observed trace element distribution (Sr, Rb, REE, and Nb) in miaskites and carbonatites. Judging from the available fragmentary experimental data, the distribution patterns can be regarded as possible indicators of element fractionation between alkaline carbonate fluid and alkaline melt. Such trace element distribution is presumably controlled by a fluid-melt interaction; it was also observed in carbonatites and alkaline rocks of some ring complexes, and its scarcity can be explained by the lower density of aqueous fluid released from magma at shallower depths.  相似文献   

16.
The Newania carbonatite complex of Rajasthan, India is one of the few dolomite carbonatites of the world, and oddly, does not contain alkaline silicate rocks thus providing a unique opportunity to study the origin and evolution of a primary carbonatite magma. In an attempt to characterize the mantle source, the source of carbon, and the magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of Newania carbonatites, we have carried out a detailed stable carbon and oxygen isotopic study of the complex. Our results reveal that, in spite of being located in a metamorphic terrain, these rocks remarkably have preserved their magmatic signatures in stable C and O isotopic compositions. The δ13C and δ18O variations in the complex are found to be results of fractional crystallization and low temperature post-magmatic alteration suggesting that like other carbonatites, dolomite carbonatites too fractionate isotopes of both elements in a similar fashion. The major difference is that the fractional crystallization of dolomite carbonatites fractionates oxygen isotopes to a larger extent. The modes of δ13C and δ18O variations in the complex, ?4.5?±?1‰ and 7?±?1‰, respectively, clearly indicate its mantle origin. Application of a multi-component Rayleigh isotopic fractionation model to the correlated δ13C versus δ18O variations in unaltered carbonatites suggests that these rocks have crystallized from a CO2 + H2O fluid rich magma, and that the primary magma comes from a mantle source that had isotopic compositions of δ13C ~ ?4.6‰ and δ18O ~ 6.3‰. Such a mantle source appears to be a common peridotite mantle (δ13C = ?5.0?±?1‰) whose carbon reservoir has insignificant contribution from recycled crustal carbon. Other Indian carbonatites, except for Amba Dongar and Sung Valley that are genetically linked to Reunion and Kerguelen plumes respectively, also appear to have been derived from similar mantle sources. Through this study we establish that dolomite carbonatites are generated from similar mantle source like other carbonatites, have comparable evolutionary history irrespective of their association with alkaline silicate rocks, and may remain resistant to metamorphism.  相似文献   

17.
Neoproterozoic carbonatites and related igneous rocks, including A-type granites in the Tatarka-Ishimba suture zone of the Yenisey Ridge are confined to a horst-anticlinal structure that was formed in a transpression setting during the oblique collision between the Central Angara terrane and the Siberian craton. The carbonatites, associating mafic (including alkaline) dikes as well as the Srednetatarka nepheline syenites are the oldest igneous formations of the Tatarka active continental margin complex. Geochronological data indicate that magmatic evolution continued in the studied anticline for nearly 100 m.y. On the earliest stage carbonatites were formed and on the last stage — the emplacement of mantle-crustal A-type Tatarka granites took place. According to new U/Pb zircon studies, the earliest rocks in the Tatarka pluton are A-type leucogranites aged 646 ± 8 Ma. The younger 40Ar/39Ar ages of carbonatites obtained for phlogopites (647 ± 7 and 629 ± 6 Ma) are related to the last tectonic events in the studied region of the Tatarka-Ishimba suture zone, which are coeval with the formation of the A-type granitoids (646–629 Ma).  相似文献   

18.
This paper reports a geochemical and mineralogical study on carbonatites from the Guli massif, which hosts rare-metal mineralization. The principal carriers of radioactive elements in the carbonatites are pyrochlore-group minerals, zirconolite, and thorianite, which are described here. They are characterized by elevated concentrations (wt %) of radioactive elements: up to 17.89 UO2 and 20.01 ThO2 in pyrochlore, up to 6.49 UO2 and 94.29 ThO2 in thorianite, and up to 6.74 ThO2 in zirconolite. The pyrochlore-group minerals, zirconolite, and thorianite from the early calcite carbonatites occur in intimate association with Ti-Zr oxides calzirtite, perovskite, and baddeleyite. Significant radioactive element fractionation in early-stage derivatives results in the depletion of the residual magmatic products in these elements. The dolomite carbonatites are reported to contain only trace amounts of pyrochlore-group minerals. It was shown that the distribution of U, Th, Nb, and Ta in the calcite and dolomite carbonatites is correlated with the evolutionary trends of pyrochlore composition. Typical schemes of isomorphic substitution are proposed for pyrochlore-group minerals and zirconolite. The pyrochlore-group minerals show an apparent evolutionary trend from U-rich towards more Th- and Ta-rich varieties, and Ba-Sr cation-deficient varieties originate during the latest stage of the evolution. The pyrochlore-group minerals, zirconolite, and thorianite may also accumulate in placers, together with gold. Because of the relative ease of extraction of the accessory minerals, the carbonatites of the Guli massif can be considered as commercial sources of radioactive raw materials.  相似文献   

19.
已有的研究得出：华北克拉通火成碳酸岩在时间上主要形成于古元代末—中元古代初、早中生代和晚中生代3个时段,反映了华北克拉通演化历史上3个拉张阶段。在空间上,前两个拉张阶段形成的火成碳酸岩分布在华北克拉通的北缘和南缘;后一个拉张阶段形成的火成碳酸岩分布在克拉通的中部和东部。华北克拉通火成碳酸岩的钕同位素主要特征是εNd(t )全为负值,而且随时间由老到新负值趋于降低。在εNd(t )-I Sr图解上,其投影点都落到了第3和第4象限,除莱芜—淄博地区火成碳酸岩外,其它都在富集地幔演化线附近,而且从老到新富集程度越来越高。推测华北克拉通火成碳酸岩形成的深部动力学机制可能是：在热地幔柱活动或周边板块向华北板块俯冲之后华北克拉通构造环境转变为伸展拉张环境,因压力减小而引起地幔部分熔融形成的碱性基性—超基性岩浆或碱性中性岩浆沿区域深断裂上侵,又经分异作用冷凝结晶形成杂岩体,火成碳酸岩是这些碱性岩浆演化晚阶段的主要产物。部分火成碳酸岩可能是从上地幔低程度部分熔融形成的碳酸岩浆直接上侵冷凝结晶而成。  相似文献   

20.
The authors have studied melt-fluid and fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite of sideritic and ankerite-calcitic carbonatites of the Karasug ore field, as well as melt inclusions in apatite from granosyenites. The content of salt and fluid components in brine-melt inclusions was evaluated on the basis of the thermodynamic data, the calculations of volumes and densities of the solid phases, a solution of about 50% concentration, and the gas phase of the inclusions, as well as the results of the LA-ICP-MS analysis. The content of salt phases, the solution, and the gas phase amounted to 85–70, 10–25, and about 5% of the inclusion substance, respectively. The total percentage of salt and fluid components (H2O and CO2) amounted to 90–80 and 10–20 wt %, respectively. The fraction of a carbonate constituent in the inclusions was as high as 45–50% and over in ankerite-calcite carbonatites and about 15 wt % in sideritic carbonatites. The 117.2 ± 1.3 Ma age of these carbonatites by 40Ar/39Ar, along with other datings for this area, shows that their formation was associated with a manifestation of the Cretaceous alkaline-mafic magmatism (117–120 Ma). The presented model of the formation of carbonatites is in agreement with the sequence of the development of magmatic processes and mineralization in this area. The model is also confirmed by the results of the studies of melt and fluid inclusions in minerals.  相似文献   

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