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1.
黏度时变性宾汉体浆液的柱-半球形渗透注浆机制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
浆液黏度时变性对注浆扩散范围计算值影响很大。基于宾汉体浆液的流变方程与流体黏度时变性方程,建立了黏度时变性宾汉体浆液的流变方程与渗流运动方程,并依据某些假设,推导了时变性宾汉体浆液柱-半球形渗透注浆机制及探讨了半球体部分扩散半径l1与柱体部分扩散长度m的关系：m=(2l1 /3)(2n+1)。通过设计室内注浆试验对其进行了验证,结果表明：由黏度时变性宾汉体浆液的柱-半球形渗透机制计算的半球体部分扩散半径、圆柱体部分扩散长度及注浆扩散体体积的理论值与试验测量值虽分别有15%、10%及40%左右的差异,但都处于可接受误差范围内,因而,在总体上能较好地反映黏度时变性宾汉体浆液的柱-半球形注浆渗透规律,对注浆设计、施工和理论研究等方面具有一定的参考价值与指导作用 相似文献
2.
Biot。的孑L隙介质理论描述了地震波动力学特征与油藏参数(孔隙度、
渗透率、粘度等)之间的关系。声波模型方法可用来研究碳氢油气藏特征。
本文基于Biot，声波方程提出一种二维有限差分方法，可用来模拟孔隙介
质低频声波传播。文中讨论了边界条件，网格频散等问题，模拟了一个孔
隙介质层状模型，并给出了其时间剖面和快照 相似文献
3.
裂缝性碳酸盐岩是世界上最重要的油气藏储层类型之一,其渗流机理一直是石油工程的研究难点和热点.随着油气勘探开发的不断深入,许多深层海相裂缝性碳酸盐岩油气藏被发现,现有理论已无法准确表征流体流动规律,亟待进一步发展和完善.基于对现有理论和方法的广泛调研,系统回顾了裂缝性碳酸盐岩油气藏裂缝渗流能力表征、不同介质间流体交换机制以及渗流数学模型等方面,展望了此类油气藏渗流理论今后的发展和研究方向.本文分析结果可以为国内外类似油气藏的高效开发起到指导和借鉴作用. 相似文献
4.
油田开发过程中,由于低渗透油田地质特征的复杂性,导致油田开采难度加大。不同岩性均可形成低渗储层,尤其是致密砂岩、碳酸盐岩。常规开发技术无法对其进行经济有效开发,往往采用特殊工艺技术进行增产或储层改造。近年来,我国对低渗透油田勘探开发从理论和实践上都取得显著突破。《低渗透油田开发》一书基于油气藏的开发实践,系统介绍了低渗透油气藏的地质和开发特征、开发程序、开发方式和主要开发技术,为我国低渗透油气藏的开发提供了实例技术参考和理论支撑。本书专业性、实用性、逻辑性较强,对我国低渗透油气藏开发具十分重要指导意义。 相似文献
5.
水力压裂技术是油气藏尤其是页岩气开发中的核心技术,利用数值模拟方法进行压裂优化和产能预测又是水力压裂成功的关键。本文首先介绍了水力压裂技术的发展历程。然后从计算模型(二维模型、拟三维模型和全三维模型)和数值模拟方法(基于连续介质和基于非连续介质)两方面对油气藏开发领域的水力压裂计算模拟技术进行较全面的总结。最后,从以下3个方面指出现今研究的不足并提出了进一步的研究建议:(1)全三维模型的完善-全三维模型应当与真实的工程参数和监测数据结合,用于校正模型本身,而校正后的全三维模型又可预测和优化新的现场水力压裂作业; (2)数值模拟方法的选用-已有的水力压裂数值模拟方法种类繁多,需要针对各种方法的适用范围、计算效率和模拟效果等,进行全面的比较和优化; (3)页岩储层中天然裂缝网络的数值模拟-天然裂隙网络加剧了页岩储层力学性质的各向异性,同时水力裂缝沟通天然裂缝活化扩展是有利于储层的增渗增产,对压裂缝网的形态、尺寸和连通率等起着至关重要的作用。因此,数值计算过程中综合考虑页岩储层中天然裂缝与水力裂缝的相互作用,将是未来水力压裂模拟的热点。 相似文献
6.
随着胜利探区勘探开发的逐步深入,主要勘探目标开始转向小断块、小砂体等微幅构造以及岩性隐蔽油气藏,传统的地震采集设计技术难以满足当前生产需求。为此,选取胜利探区复杂构造地质模型,开展基于波动方程理论的地震波照明和面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术的研究,形成了一套适合胜利探区二次采集的观测系统优化设计的技术系列。研究结果表明,该技术系列能够保证该区地质构造的形态完整,小断块、小砂体等微幅构造的成像质量也有较大幅度的提高。 相似文献
7.
《物探与化探》2020,(1)
在油气藏的勘探开发中,地应力与裂缝的分布有着密不可分的关系,而裂缝则是油气运移和聚集的重要通道,因而地应力的研究对油气开发有重要意义。文章以致密砂岩为研究对象,在横向各向同性岩层模型的基础上,考虑到砂泥层应力变化的复杂性,将地层假设为正交各向异性,以弹性阻抗反演出的弹性参数作为工区的背景场,进而获得了正交各向异性介质下的各向异性参数,计算了差应力之比。研究主要采用了各向异性阻抗方程,将地层弹性参数及裂缝弱度参数转化为各向异性参数,用基于正交各向异性模型下计算出的差应力之比同测井计算结果以及其他表征方式进行对比,检验致密砂岩地应力预测方法的准确性。研究结果表明,多种对照方法与正交介质模型假设下计算出的地应力结果基本一致,证明了正交各向异性模型应力预测方法在砂泥岩层中适用,对于未来低渗透油气藏的勘探开发有很好的指导意义。 相似文献
8.
油气藏开发地质研究始于20世纪40年代,作为研究影响油气开采的地质要素及演化学科,是地质学与油气藏工程的交叉学科。近年来,油气藏开发地质在致密油气藏、泥页岩油气藏、高含水阶段的中高渗油气藏及缝洞型油气藏方面等取得较大发展,有效的推动了地质基础学科的发展。《油气藏开发地质学》一书以油层物理、储层地质为基础,对地震地质、测井地质、钻井地质、生产测试等技术方法进行了详细阐述,获取油气藏地质资料,计算油气储量,开展精细油藏描述,建立储层地质模型,实现油气藏的有效开发。本书具较强的综合性、理论性和实用性。 相似文献
9.
油藏流体状态方程研究具有重要的理论和现实意义，它将成为流体热力学研究的一个新的生长点，论文从流体状态方程的推导方法，影响因素，产要类型等方面较系统地论述了油藏流体状态方程的研究思路和发展方向，并且从含油气系统中烃类相态的判断，油气藏类型的识别以及确定储层质量评价的物理化学模型等方面总结了其研究成果的应用进展，它将为油气藏成藏机理物理化学模型的建立和合理开发方案的制定提供新的工具。 相似文献
10.
富水断裂带优势劈裂注浆机制及注浆控制方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
注浆是处治隧道塌方、突水突泥等地质灾害的有效手段,但对于岩体结构多样、结构面发育的富水断裂带,注浆理论及控制技术尚不成熟。基于富水断裂带内部岩体结构,建立了注浆概念模型,提出了优势劈裂注浆概念。基于广义宾汉流体本构方程,建立单一平板优势劈裂注浆扩散模型,推导了考虑浆液流变特征的优势劈裂注浆扩散控制方程。由方程可知,注浆速率、注浆压力及浆液黏度是影响注浆扩散的3个主控因素。深入分析了优势劈裂注浆过程中3个主控因素对注浆扩散的影响规律,基于此提出优势劈裂注浆控制方法,形成了注浆压力差异控制、控制液动态调节及注浆速率梯度控制3项关键技术,促使浆液在优势结构面内控制性扩散。研究成果成功应用于江西省某隧道断裂带塌方处治工程中,取得良好治理效果,对隧道断裂带地质灾害控制理论研究和工程实践具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
11.
This paper concerns the evaporite units, depositional systems, cyclicity, diagenetic products and anhydritization patterns of the Calatayud Basin (nonmarine, Miocene, central Spain). In outcrop, the sulphate minerals of these shallow lacustrine evaporites consist of primary and secondary gypsum, the latter originating from the replacement of anhydrite and glauberite. In the evaporative systems of this basin, gypsiferous marshes of low salinity can be distinguished from central, saline lakes of higher salinity. In the gypsiferous marsh facies, the dominant, massive, bioturbated gypsum was partly replaced by synsedimentary chert nodules and siliceous crusts. In the saline lake facies, either cycles of gypsiferous lutite‐laminated gypsarenite or irregular alternations of laminated gypsum, nodular and banded glauberite, thenardite and nodular anhydrite precipitated. Early replacement of part of the glauberite by anhydrite also occurred. Episodes of subaerial exposure are represented by: (1) pedogenic carbonates (with nodular magnesite) and gypsiferous crusts composed of poikilitic crystals; and (2) nodular anhydrite, which formed in a sabkha. Additionally, meganodular anhydrite occurs, which presumably precipitated from ascending, highly saline solutions. The timing of anhydritization was mainly controlled by the salinity of the pore solutions, and occurred from the onset of deposition to moderate burial. Locally, a thick (>200 m) sequence of gypsum cycles developed, which was probably controlled by climatic variation. A trend of upward‐decreasing salinity is deduced from the base to the top of the evaporite succession. 相似文献
12.
嫩江现代河流沉积层序及沉积模式 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以黑龙江省富裕县大马岗现代嫩江沉积体为例,通过深挖探槽、探坑及野外密集采样的精细解剖,详细研究了现代嫩江大马岗沉积体内部岩相、沉积微相、沉积层序及沉积模式。研究表明,大马岗河流沉积体是一个由辫状河与曲流河沉积组成的复合沉积体,其下部以辫状河砾质坝沉积为主,上部则以低能量的曲流河沉积为主。在现代嫩江大马岗沉积体内部,共识别出16种岩相,即Gm,St1,St2,Ft,Ssd,Sh,Stcb,Shcs,Sw,Sm,Fw,Fm,Fsc1,Fsc2,Mm及Mpr,发育五种亚相、六种沉积微相,即曲流河的河漫滩沉积微相、决口扇微相、天然堤微相、点坝微相、辫状河的溢岸微相及心滩微相。这些沉积微相构成了大马岗沉积体内部垂向上三套不同的沉积层序:下部层序以砾石质沉积为主,为辫状河沉积形成;中部层序为一个完整的曲流河沉积层序,以曲流河点坝沙及溢岸漫滩泥沉积构成;上部沉积层序则为曲流河泛滥及决口沉积形成。通过沉积微相及沉积层序分析,本文建立了一种新型的河流复合沉积模式,进一步丰富了河流沉积学理论。 相似文献
13.
Microbial primary dolomite from a Norian carbonate platform: northern Calabria, southern Italy 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
ADELAIDE MASTANDREA EDOARDO PERRI FRANCO RUSSO ALESSANDRA SPADAFORA MAURICE TUCKER† 《Sedimentology》2006,53(3):465-480
The origin of fine‐grained dolomite in peritidal rocks has been the subject of much debate recently and evidence is presented here for a microbial origin of this dolomite type in the Norian Dolomia Principale of northern Calabria (southern Italy). Microbial carbonates there consist of stromatolites, thrombolites, and aphanitic dolomites. High‐relief thrombolites and stromatolites characterize sub‐tidal facies, and low‐relief and planar stromatolites, with local oncoids, typify the inter‐supratidal facies. Skeletal remains are very rare in the latter, whereas a relatively rich biota of skeletal cyanophycea, red algae and foraminifera is present in the sub‐tidal facies. Some 75% of the succession consists of fabric‐preserving dolomite, especially within the microbial facies, whereas the rest is composed of coarse dolomite with little fabric preservation. Three end‐members of dolomite replacement fabric are distinguished: type 1 and type 2, fabric retentive, with crystal size <5 and 5–60 μm, respectively; and type 3, fabric destructive, with larger crystals, from 60 to several hundred microns. In addition, there are dolomite cements, precipitated in the central parts of primary cavities during later diagenesis. Microbialite textures in stromatolites are generally composed of thin, dark micritic laminae of type 1 dolomite, alternating with thicker lighter‐coloured laminae of the coarser type 2 dolomite. Thrombolites are composed of dark, micritic clotted fabrics with peloids, composed of type 1 dolomite, surrounded by coarser type 2 dolomite. Marine fibrous cement crusts are also present, now composed of type 2 dolomite. Scanning electron microscope observations of the organic‐rich micritic laminae and clots of the inter‐supratidal microbialites reveal the presence of spherical structures which are interpreted as mineralized bacterial remains. These probably derived from the fossilization of micron‐sized coccoid bacteria and spheroidal–ovoidal nanometre‐scale dwarf‐type bacterial forms. Furthermore, there are traces of degraded organic matter, probably also of bacterial origin. The microbial dolomites were precipitated in a hypersaline environment, most likely through evaporative dolomitization, as suggested by the excess Ca in the dolomites, the small crystal size, and the positive δ18O values. The occurrence of fossilized bacteria and organic matter in the fabric‐preserving dolomite of the microbialites could indicate an involvement of bacteria and organic matter degradation in the precipitation of syn‐sedimentary dolomite. 相似文献
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江苏省新沂市马陵山地区的4个神秘的印记,传统上被解释为“李存孝打虎处”的“虎爪印”和“人足迹”,重新将其解释为大盛群田家楼组恐龙足迹。这些足迹中只有一个最深的“虎爪印”保存了可识别的趾印,表明它是一个有着后内侧拇趾印的兽脚类恐龙左足迹,是一道单步约50cm的直线行迹的一部分;另一种解释是该足迹为小型蜥脚类恐龙的右后足迹,形成行迹的右侧部分,其左侧部分没有保存。马陵山足迹点提供了恐龙足迹如何影响中国民间传说的另一个案例。 相似文献
17.
Saday Azadoglu ALIYEV Ali SARI Bahadir KTEN Ankara University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geological Engineering Tandogan Ankara Turkey 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6)
Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment. 相似文献
18.
天津市西郊富硒土壤地球化学特征和成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了查明天津市西郊富硒土壤的地球化学特征和成因,开展针对土壤-大气-水体-作物的调查研究工作。结果显示:研究区土壤Se元素平均值为0.66 mg/kg,是天津市土壤背景值的2.87倍,有83%为富硒土壤。土壤Se元素被颗粒状有机物质大量固定和吸附,富集于耕层土壤。耕层土壤Se元素与粗砂粒、细砂粒、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Hg、N、P等指标显著正相关,与黏粒、粉粒、Na、K、Mg、As、CEC、pH等指标显著负相关。农民大量持续使用富含Se的有机肥是土壤Se元素显著富集的主要原因,占输入总通量的86.55%;大气沉降是次要原因,占13.35%。研究区土壤Se元素的年增加量为0.019 mg/kg,按2.77%的速度逐年增长。 相似文献
19.
记述了来自重庆綦江中白垩统夹关组恐龙足迹群，命名了甲龙亚目的中国綦江足迹（Qijiangpussinensis ichnogen．et ichnosp．nov．）、兽脚亚目的敏捷舞足迹（Wupusagilis ichnogen．etichnosp．nov．）和鸟脚亚目的炎热老瀛山足迹（Laoyingshanpus torridus ichnogen．etichnosp．nov．）和莲花卡利尔足迹（Caririchniumlotusichnosp．nov．）等新属种。中国綦江足迹是中国首次发现甲龙类的足迹。莲花卡利尔足迹提供了鸭嘴龙类在各发育阶段所留下不同的足迹。 相似文献
20.
Geochemical variations of major and trace elements in recent sediments,off the Gulf of Mannar,the southeast coast of India 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Gulf of Mannar along the Tuticorin coast is a coral base of the southeast coast of India. To obtain a preliminary view of its environmental conditions, geochemical distribution of major elements (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P), trace elements (Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd) and acid leachable elements (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd) were analyzed in surface sediment samples from two seasons. Geochemical fractionation confirmed the lithogenic origin of metals, which were mainly associated with the detrital phase. The sediments in the gulf are sandy with abundant calcareous debris, which controls the distribution of total and acid leachable elements. Enrichment factors relative to crust vary by a magnitude of two to three and the presence of trace metals indicates the input of Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in both forms through industrial activities. Factor analysis supports the above observation with higher loadings on acid leachable elements and its association with CaCO3. The increase in concentration of trace metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) along the Gulf of Mannar indicates that the area has been contaminated by the input from riverine sources and the industries nearby. The present study indicates that other sources should be evaluated in the long-term monitoring program. 相似文献