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1.
在广东南部低山丘陵区剥蚀卸荷作用或许会导致地下一定深度地应力弱化和局部破碎泥化带生成,这一猜想在中国散裂中子源（CSNS）场地工程地质勘察中得到了证实。电法物探剖面显示出地形上山脊由330°急转为220°向急拐弯处地下局部低阻区、4个钻孔中揭露了完整变粒岩中蚀变长英质变质石英砂岩部位30~40 m深度范围出现局部泥化带。后续施工开挖中也揭露出此现象。数值模拟表明,受剥蚀卸荷影响的山脊近直角拐弯处一定深度范围内应力降低,靠近岩脉与变粒岩接触带岩体质量局部变差,出现破碎带,并控制了地下水局部富集和邻近低洼沟谷中泉水的生成。本研究揭示了山脊突变对地应力和岩体结构的影响,可望为类似条件下地质异常分析提供一定借鉴。 相似文献
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Seokhoon Oh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(3):939-945
This study applied a geostatistical approach to integrate various geophysical results for the probabilistic evaluation of rock quality designation (RQD) in regions between boreholes. Two of the geophysical survey results, electrical resistivity and seismic velocity, were transformed into a probabilistic distribution with the directly observed RQD values at the boreholes using an indicator value method. The initial spatial distribution of RQD, inferred from indicator kriging of observations from the boreholes, was improved by support of the geophysical results based on the integration by a permanence ratio. The integration was good enough to produce results that compensated for the defection of each exploration method. Also, the probabilistic feature of the final product of the RQD distribution made it possible to assess a more quantitative rock quality evaluation and better decision making for safety design. 相似文献
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隧道绿色施工不仅需要预报工作面前方突水突泥等低阻异常,更需要查明灾害体的地质构造,为灾害预警与防治提供保障。传统的瞬变电磁解释方法仅能够提供单一电阻率信息不能满足隧道地质灾害治理要求。因此,将虚拟波场成像技术引入到瞬变电磁隧道探测技术中,期望实现灾害体电性与结构综合解释。首先,根据波场变换原理将瞬变电磁数据转换到虚拟波场;然后,利用电阻率成像算法计算工作面前方电阻率建立虚拟波场速度模型,利用波动方程克希霍夫积分解进行波场延拓实现瞬变电磁虚拟波场偏移成像;最后,综合电阻率与偏移成像结果对工作面前方地质体进行解释,判断地质灾害体的电性与构造特征。分别采用充水溶洞、充水断层两类常见灾害模型对算法进行验证。充水断层模型电阻率成像结果可以识别工作面前方低阻异常,但是异常分布范围略有增加,且不易判断倾斜角度;而偏移成像结果有效地识别异常的边界位置且对应准确,更易容判断异常倾斜方向。充水溶洞模型电阻率成像结果可识别溶洞的低阻异常与位置,但是异常形态与实际模型略有偏差;偏移成像结果圈定了模型的前后边界且与模型吻合较好。实测数据偏移成像结果有效圈定了低阻异常位置与裂隙形态,预测结果与已知出水孔情况相符。理论模型与实测数据结果表明,虚拟波场克希霍夫偏移成像结果既包含地质灾害体的电阻率分布,又能识别灾害体电性分界面,为地质灾害预警与防治提供了丰富的地质信息。 相似文献
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An integrated survey program involving geological, hydrogeological and geophysical techniques has been employed to characterize the aquifer geometry, recharge and circulation dynamics of thermal springs within a shallow aquifer system in Ethiopia. The selected springs for the case study are Sodere and Gergedi, which are situated within the tectonically active Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). Geologically, the studied springs are located on Plio-Quaternary volcanic rocks. The geophysical results indicate the presence of subsurface weak zones represented by extensional tectonics and weathering zones which are responsible for thermal water circulation and facilitate recharge from the adjacent surface-water bodies. The structures inferred by the resistivity survey, both sounding and electrical tomography, present contrasts in rock resistivity response. The anomalous zones in the magnetic data are in good agreement with the zones that are revealed by geological mapping and surface manifestation of the thermal water discharge zones. The shallow aquifer of the central MER is under the influence of thermal water, which increases the groundwater temperature and mineral content. 相似文献
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在山东玲珑断裂带深部找矿中,考虑断裂带处在地电干扰和地形变化复杂地段,且深部地质体产状变化较大,仅依据半空间地面物探方法很难摸清地质体的展布形态,盲目布设钻孔会造成找矿成本的提高。为精确反演深部矿体的边界范围、走向及倾向,提高钻孔见矿率,降低找矿成本,在山东玲珑断裂带地面、坑道采用立体物探技术,试验通过布设多条方位不同的地-坑、坑-坑和地-地纵横激电中梯剖面和双向三极测深剖面,进行了二维电法剖面反演。在地面-坑道激电测深方法中,地面-坑道供电,坑道测量探测深度与坑道深度呈正相关,反映了深部巷道底板以下电阻率和极化率的分布状况,可以实现深地探测目的。由于地面-坑道供电,坑道测量装置处在半空间和全空间两个部分,需要采用"镜像法"和地下倾斜偶极源电流场特征对其装置系数k值重新推导,以反映坑道空间岩矿体真实电阻率的变化。坑道中梯剖面异常与单向三极剖面异常、双向三极电测深反演结果对应较好。经钻探验证,矿体分布与物探推断高极化体基本一致,为快速准确布设深部钻孔提供资料。 相似文献
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为查明某水利枢纽工程区域岩溶发育特征,对云南省某水利工程测区开展了以瞬变电磁法和微动探测为主的物探测试工作。测试结果表明:岩溶作用会造成可溶岩地层物性分布的不均匀性;工程区域岩溶发育受岩体结构面和岩性分布影响显著,且在垂向上表现出成层性;强风化带和构造破碎带附近往往会伴随岩溶的发育,出现大范围或者离散状的低电阻率和低波速异常,裂隙性溶蚀可能极大程度改变岩体电性参数特征,但对岩体弹性参数特征影响相对较小;岩体电性和弹性参数的离散系数可用来表征岩体的抗溶蚀风化能力及岩溶的发育程度,结合其物性参数大小和分布特征,可有效分析岩溶发育情况及其充填物性质。 相似文献
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电法三维成像技术在隧道岩溶探测中的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
南石壁高速公路隧道在雨季出现渗水现象,严重影响公路的畅通,存在安全隐患。为查明其渗水路径和水源,采用不同高密度电法测量装置进行实地测量,运用三维电阻率成像技术,结合当地地质条件和现场调查资料,分析隧道围岩的渗水情况,结果表明:高密度电法野外工作采用不同的测量装置,利用各自跑极方式的不同,在成果解释中能达到相互补充的效果;南石壁隧道围岩中内部岩溶裂隙强烈发育;岩溶水主要来自梅岭水库渗漏和雨水补给,并探明了几条主要的渗水路径。该案例说明高密度电法三维电成像技术揭示的地下地质结构,对岩溶灾害的探测、处治具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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This paper encompasses the engineering geological properties of rock mass along the power tunnel of hydropower in Kohistan, Khayber Pakhtun Khawa (KPK), Pakistan. The major geological units of the study area are Chilas complex (CC) and Gilgit complex (GC) that consists mostly of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Discontinuity surveys were conducted to classify the rock mass by utilizing rock mass rating (RMR) and tunneling quality index (Q) classification systems. RMR system involves collection of data for parameters of rock strength, RQD, spacing of discontinuities, condition of discontinuities, groundwater condition and Q system involves rock quality designation (RQD), joint roughness (Jr), joint sets (Js), joint alteration (Ja), stress reduction factor (SRF) and joint water reduction (Jw). RMR values ranges from 46 to 66 (fair to good) for rock unit of Chilas complex (CC) and 50 to 58 (fair) for rock unit of Gilgit complex (GC). The evaluated values of tunnel quality by Q-system are 1.55 to 6.4 (poor to fair) for Chilas complex (CC) and 1.35 to 1.84 (poor) for Gilgit complex (GC). The required support along the tunnel route is also estimated by both classification systems. Unwedge program is used to analyze the unstable zones due to the intersection of different joint sets. Total 14 cases are analyzed in Unwedge from which 3 cases have failure potential with FOS less than 1. These failure potential blocks can become stable by applying further support of rock bolting and shotcrete layer. 相似文献
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本文介绍了鄂东南金属矿区-阳新岩体西北段立体地质填图中的物探工作方法及其地质找矿成果.物探与地质密切配合,运用重力、磁测、电测深等综合方法,在研究岩体结构和形态,圈定控矿构造,成矿预测等方面取得了一系列新认识.立体地质图形象地显示了阳新岩体的空间地质特征.找矿靶区验证结果表明,物探在立体地质填图中应用效果好,成矿预测准确. 相似文献
10.
高密度电法具有低成本,高效率,方便解译等特点,它在水文地质调查中具有到广泛应用,尤其在地质环境复杂、地下水资源缺乏地区。大别山地区是变质岩集中区域,同时也是我国重要的生态功能区,有着地质结构复杂、生态环境脆弱的特点,是水文地质、环境地质研究的重点区域。本文以大别山连片贫困区1:5万水文地质调查中的找水为实例,采用高密度电法,解译出目标找水靶区的电阻率剖面和地质断面,并结合地球物理特征、工区布置、钻探验证等,说明高密度电法在变质岩山区寻找富水构造效果显著,能作为变质岩山区找水的有效方法。 相似文献
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Y. Srinivas D. Muthuraj D. Hudson Oliver A. Stanley Raj N. Chandrasekar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2143-2152
Coastal aquifers can become polluted due to natural and human activities, such as intrusion of saline water, discharge of effluents in industrial areas and chemical weathering of natural geological deposits. The present study is aimed mainly at understanding the geophysical and chemical characteristics of groundwater near Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India by studying the electrical resistivity distribution of the subsurface groundwater by applying the Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique followed by chemical analysis of water samples. A total of 20 VES soundings were carried out to understand the resistivity distribution of the area and 21 water samples were collected to analyze the chemical quality. The interpretation and analysis of the results have identified different hydrogeologic behaviors, a highly saline coastal aquifer and freshwater locations. The results obtained from geophysical and geochemical sampling are in good agreement with each other. The approach shows the efficacy of the combination of geophysical and geochemical methods to map groundwater contamination zones in the study area. 相似文献
13.
A. K. Naithani P. C. Nawani L. G. Singh Devendra Singh 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(6):835-843
The 200m long and 106.2m wide spillway of Bunakha Hydroelectric Project is proposed at the centre of the dam to pass the flood discharge. The spillway area was investigated through detailed engineering geological mapping, geophysical survey, exploratory drilling and laboratory testing. The rock mass properties, i.e. joint sets, weathering grade, RQD, RMR, permeability, P-wave velocity etc. of the rock masses to be encountered during the excavation of spillway have been analyzed in detail. Core samples from the exploratory drill hole drilled at the spillway alignment were tested for physico-mechanical properties of rocks in the laboratory. The mapping details indicated that the major rock types which are exposed to the surface and cover the entire spillway area are foliated gneisses with bands of banded gneisses. On the basis of detailed investigations and laboratory testing, inferences and recommendations have been made which will be helpful during the construction of the project. 相似文献
14.
为了研究东洋地区深部地质结构,在福建东洋地区开展了综合地球物理勘查,对福建东洋地区地球物理场进行了分析,结合已有的地质资料,分析研究了区域地球物理场特征及区域深部地质结构特征.研究认为:福建东洋地区位于巨型环形构造外环带西南部,研究区处在东部沿海磁场剧烈变化带和西部内陆磁场相对平缓带的过渡区域,区域航磁ΔT异常以北东向条带状异常带为主,区内分布有2处剩余重力异常高;地球物理综合剖面范围被两条北西向深大断裂分割为3部分,结合区域地质特征,推断区域南部的浅层是一套推覆无根的变质岩系高阻体,深部为一套以中生代沉积岩石为主的低阻体,区域北部浅部主要为中生代沉积岩夹薄层火山岩组成的低阻体,深部为下古生代和元古界基底岩系共同反应的高阻体,区域中部是火山岩主要发育区. 相似文献
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花梨隧道是瓮开高速的控制性工程,其地质构造及岩溶水文地质条件较为复杂。采取现场地质调查、钻探、测量、室内岩土物理力学指标试验、电法物探等综合勘察手段,分析花梨隧道含水层岩性组合特征、可溶岩体系分布特征及岩溶水系统性,查清了其岩溶水文地质条件,并对涌突水危险性进行了分级评价。结果表明:（1）花梨隧道地表出露的可溶岩与非可溶岩,分为泥质粉砂岩组成的非可溶岩与灰岩组成的可溶岩两个体系;（2）花梨隧道预测正常涌水量为32 126.4 m3·d-1,隧道最大涌水量应按预测涌水量的2~6倍考虑;（3）花梨隧道可溶岩段内岩溶涌突水危险性总体为中等危险,其中极高危险段占总长度的16%。 相似文献
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滑坡是影响路桥安全的重要隐伏地质灾害。地球物理方法作为一种无损高效的勘察方法,可有效查明滑坡体内部的地质构造及滑面等特征。本文以张榆线崇礼隧道出口段滑坡为例,采用高密度电阻率法和剪切波速测试,并结合钻孔资料对滑坡体的地球物理特征进行了分析。该滑坡体视电阻率值和剪切波速值具有明显的垂向差异性,一定程度反映了该滑坡体岩土体性质、密实度、含水率的垂向差异性,综合分析认为视电阻率值和剪切波速值较高的强风化流纹岩顶面为潜在滑面。在此基础之上,基本确定了滑坡体由冲洪积体和坡积物组成,附着于流纹岩体之上,横向长度达300 m,纵向长度260 m,滑坡体厚度达20~30 m。同时,根据高密度电阻率三维剖面分析,认为滑坡体底部滑趾处为剪出口位置。最后,基于滑坡体地球物理特征建立了滑坡体地质模型。 相似文献
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蟒岭地区西部地处秦岭腹心,位于不同构造单位结合处,构造变动剧烈,岩浆活动频繁,多数矿产与中酸性岩体息息相关。综合物探工作通过地面高精度磁测、激发极化法和高精度重力测量三种地球物理综合测量方法,开展了研究区的磁场、重力场、极化率和电阻率的分布特征研究。深入分析了地质和地球物理特征的异同,并结合物性工作总结了中酸性岩体与地层的差异,了解了深部隐伏岩体的信息,圈定了岩体在地表的位置,推断出地下深层空间的地质结构,为进一步查找岩体以及其他与之有关的工程勘查活动提供借鉴,为该地区及类似地质背景下隐伏岩体定位预测提供了可靠的方法。 相似文献
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Gökhan Göktürkler Çağlayan Balkaya Zülfikar Erhan Ayça Yurdakul 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(6):1283-1290
Near-surface geophysical methods are commonly used to solve a wide class of geological, engineering and environmental problems. In this study, a geoelectrical survey was performed to investigate an alluvial aquifer. The study area is located in the southwest of the Çubukluda? graben, situated in the south of ?zmir, Turkey. The geophysical studies included the electrical resistivity imaging and self-potential (SP) methods. The resistivity data were acquired along eight profiles in the northern part of the study area by a Wenner-Schlumberger electrode configuration and the data processing was achieved by a tomographic inversion technique. The SP data were collected by gradient technique along 16 profiles. Total field values were calculated for each profile by addition of the successive gradient values, then a total field SP map was obtained. The water-saturated zone in the northern part of the study area was clearly revealed by the electrical resistivity imaging and the SP survey yielded useful information on the subsurface fluid movement. 相似文献
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深圳坂银通道鸡公山隧道的设计路线下穿了深圳下坪固体废弃物填埋场,由于钻孔分析等前期地质勘察无法在该区域开展,下穿填埋场隧道区段施工存在地质状况不明、填埋场渗滤液及填埋气泄露等风险,现有隧道施工超前预报体系不适用于隧道下穿填埋场引发环境灾害问题。针对该难题,本文基于地震预报法(TGP)、瞬变电磁法(TEM)、超前钻孔、取样化学分析等多种方法,构建了隧道下穿填埋场施工超前地质预报体系,并对下穿填埋场隧道区段的围岩质量和渗滤液、填埋气渗漏情况进行了探测与综合分析。结果表明:(1)综合超前预报方法能够提高隧道前方围岩级别判定准确性;(2)填埋场下方存在联通至隧道施工区域的潜在渗滤液渗流通道,但尚未有渗滤液下渗情况发生,隧道开挖过程也无有毒有害气体逸出;(3)针对渗滤液渗漏风险隧道区段,采取全包防水和提升防渗材料等级等方式,可有效保障隧道施工与运营安全。本文研究成果可为隧道穿越环境风险区域施工的超前预报工作提供参考借鉴。 相似文献