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1.
Vein quartz from the Nether Polar Ural Province was examined by atomic emission spectrometry, gas chromatography, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electron microscopy. According to atomic emission spectrometric analysis, the total concentration of Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, Ca, Na, K, and other minor elements in the quartz varies from 8 to 47 ppm. The lowest concentrations of minor elements were detected in the granulated quartz. Giant-crystalline milk-white quartz is noted for higher concentrations of minor elements, including Na, K, and Ca, because it contains gas-liquid inclusions. The fine-grained quartz contains very small mineral inclusions and is thus noted for elevated concentrations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Ti. Gas chromatographic data on the gas phase separated from the quartz at its heating indicate that this phase contains H2O, CO2, and other components. The H2O concentration reaches 429 ??g/g, while the CO2 content is commonly no higher than 20 ??g/g. Gas separation is at a maximum at temperatures of 100?C600°C, when gasliquid inclusions decrepitate, as is typical, first of all, of the giant-crystalline milk-white quartz. Gas separation continues at higher temperatures (below 1000°C) but is much less intense. The electron microscopic examination of quartz grains after their acid treatment indicates that the surface of these grains is covered by caverns of various morphology and size, which were produced by the partial dissolution of the quartz and the opening of its gas-liquid and mineral inclusions occurring near the surface; the inclusions were not, however, completely removed. The crystal structure of the quartz contains minor Al, Ge, Na, Li, Ti, and Fe. The lowest concentrations of Al and Ge paramagnetic centers are typical of the granulated (recrystallized) and fine-grained quartz. The giant-crystalline quartz, including its transparent varieties, and individual quartz crystals, first of all their smoky-citrine varieties, contain higher concentrations of minor elements. In the Nether Polar Ural Province, granulated quartz is potentially promising for producing especially pure quartz concentrates. The quality of the translucent coarse-to giant-crystalline quartz, which predominates in the resources and reserves, is deteriorated by gas-liquid inclusions in it and requires deep processing of the raw minerals.  相似文献   

2.
In natural citrines five new hole centers were detected and analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance. An additional one was observed in rose-colored quartz crystals with radiation defects as the cause of coloration. Characteristic hyperfine patterns due to an adjacent aluminum impurity were resolved in the spectra of three of these centers. Their relations to other hole centers of well-known structure in quartz and fused silica are discussed and possible models for their structures are proposed.  相似文献   

3.
We investigated the distribution of electron hole centers produced by natural radioactivity in arkoses and their principal components (quartz-feldspar intergrowths, white and smoky quartz, and feldspars) using the electron paramagnetic resonance method. The relation between the concentrations of the Ecenters and uranium content in the rock provides information on the genetic characteristics of uranium mineralization. —Authors.  相似文献   

4.
泥质岩的矿物组成和成岩作用是制约其作为CO2地质封存的盖层封闭能力和作为页岩气储层具易压裂性质的重要原因。通过地球化学分析、X-射线衍射分析和扫描电镜观测及能谱测定,确定了松辽盆地南部HX井上白垩统青山口组泥岩的矿物组成,识别出了蒙皂石转变伊利石反应过程中形成的亚微米级自生微晶石英。研究表明：HX井上白垩统青山口组泥岩的母岩岩石类型和风化效应一致,泥岩主要由黏土矿物、钠长石和石英组成,钾长石少量;黏土矿物以伊利石/蒙皂石混层为主,其次为绿泥石;脆性矿物（钠长石、石英和钾长石）的平均质量分数为44.43%,黏土矿物平均质量分数为54.26%。蒙皂石转变伊利石反应过程中形成的亚微米级微晶石英单晶呈自形－半自形粒状,集合体呈巢状,分布于伊利石/蒙皂石混层黏土矿物的微孔隙中。以伊利石/蒙皂石混层矿物为主、且存在一定量的自生微晶石英的泥岩盖层（例如HX井青山口组泥岩）将有助于注入CO2的长期封存。HX井青山口组泥岩中的脆性矿物含量符合工业价值页岩气的储层标准,而黏土矿物含量则相差较多。  相似文献   

5.
钨矿往往与酸性或中酸性侵入岩相关,对于复式岩体通常仅与某一特定期次岩浆相关,如何确定成矿相关岩体是找矿勘查的一道难题。朱溪矽卡岩型钨矿床位于江南古陆钨矿带,是一个世界级钨矿床。该矿床的形成主要与黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒花岗岩密切相关,此次研究发现黑云母二长花岗岩中的黑云母发生蚀变、分解过程中形成了大量含W金红石(w(WO_3)为0.01%~0.96%)。这类含W次生金红石同样出现在华南地区多个钨矿床的成矿相关岩体中,并且其WO_3含量显著高于与岩浆作用相关的锡矿床和斑岩型铜(金)矿床中的次生金红石的WO_3含量。此外,朱溪矿床中岩浆演化晚期形成的细粒花岗岩中结晶了一些自形板状的原生金红石,这些金红石同样显著富集W元素(w(WO_3)为0.06%~1.12%)。金红石中的Ti容易被W所替代,导致(岩浆)热液体系所经历的W元素富集过程会被结晶的金红石所记录。因此,通过花岗质岩体中黑云母发生蚀变或分解后形成的次生金红石,或岩浆演化晚阶段形成的细晶岩脉中的原生金红石的W元素含量,可以判断岩浆结晶演化过程中是否经历过W元素的富集及相应的富集程度,从而判断花岗质岩体是否具备形成钨矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

6.
刘道荣 《现代地质》2020,34(1):97-103
通过浙江西部常山县表层土壤的调查研究,首次查明了土壤锗含量特征:研究区内表层土壤锗含量0.87~5.59 mg/kg,平均值为1.59 mg/kg,略低于中国土壤锗的平均含量1.70 mg/kg。不同成土母质的表层土壤锗含量平均值略有差异,变化范围为1.50~1.73 mg/kg,以花岗岩类风化物最大,石英砂岩类风化物最低,其他母质区土壤锗含量较接近。不同土壤类型锗含量变化范围为1.45~1.62 mg/kg,以黄壤中锗含量最高,潮土最低,其他类型土壤锗含量为1.51~1.61 mg/kg。泥质含量较高的砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩的锗含量较高,可达1.75~1.95 mg/kg;白云岩、灰岩的锗含量低,仅为0.12~0.20 mg/kg。常山县大面积分布的砂岩、泥岩、粉砂岩等岩石锗含量较高,是土壤锗含量相对较高的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
Thick conglomerate and sandstone lithofacies of Yingcheng Formation in Changling Sag are tight gas reservoirs. The formation contains a fair amount of volcanic clasts and accumulated in a deltaic system that spans from delta plain to prodelta depositional setting. High-quality reservoirs are only a small fraction of these thick siliciclastic rocks. Petrographic analysis has been used to assess diagenetic processes, paragenetic sequence, and their effects on the reservoir qualities. The major loss of primary porosity is due to compaction along with grain-coating, pore-filling clay, and quartz cements. Alteration of volcanic rock fragments supplied alkali cations which favored formation of chlorite, smectite, and zeolite cements. The thickness of the chlorite coating decreases from the delta plain to the distal part of the delta front. On the contrary, the content of the zeolite cement increases toward the distal part of the delta front. Quartz and feldspar cements were ubiquitous due to high SiO2 concentration and alkali cations. Early dissolution of volcanic rock fragments and feldspars by freshwater increased porosity but did not contribute much to the permeability because pore-throats are predominantly occluded with clay and pseudomatrix. Late-stage dissolution of the zeolite cement was caused by organic acid expelled from maturation of organic matter. Although the reservoirs with chlorite coatings have moderate porosity, the permeability in situ is very low and pore-throat sizes are small. The high-quality reservoirs are medium- to fine-grained zeolite-dissolved sandstones developed in the distal part of the delta front and shallow lacustrine.  相似文献   

8.
李森  朱如凯  崔景伟  罗忠  焦航  柳涵 《沉积学报》2020,38(3):554-570
三叠系延长组长7段是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界重要的烃源岩层系。为探究长7段细粒沉积岩发育特征、沉积环境及有机质富集控制因素,以盆地南缘瑶页1井为例,运用X射线衍射、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、XRF成像等方法,对长7段细粒沉积岩沉积特征及其纵向演化规律开展系统分析。研究表明,长7段主要发育三种细粒沉积岩类型:块状泥岩、水平纹层状页岩和透镜纹层状页岩。其中块状泥岩主要位于长7段的上部和下部,发育块状构造,石英长石含量较高,黄铁矿多以八面体自形晶产出,判断块状泥岩是高能环境中的产物,水体富氧,不利于有机质的生成和保存,有机质丰度较低。透镜纹层状页岩主要发育于长7段的中部,黄铁矿异常丰富,含有大量火山灰组分;草莓状黄铁矿粒度分布指示水体缺氧但具有一定波动;在较好保存环境和火山营养物质注入的双重作用下,透镜纹层状页岩的平均有机质丰度最高。水平纹层状页岩则多位于长7段中上部,以"有机质+黏土"或"有机质+黏土+火山灰"的结构产出,黄铁矿粒度分析指示沉积环境安静,水体缺氧,有利于有机质保存,有机质丰度介于块状泥岩和透镜纹层状页岩之间。瑶页1井长7段有机质丰度与黄铁矿含量的高相关性指示铜川地区长7期水体可能具有较高的硫酸盐浓度,硫酸盐的来源可能与湖底热液、海侵、火山喷发等事件相关。  相似文献   

9.
INTRODUCTION Point defects in quartz have attracted intensiveand continuing research since the 1950s ( Weil ,2000 ,1984 ; Marfunin, 1979 ; Weeks , 1956 ; McClellandand Donoghue ,1953) because they are key factors inenhancing ( or reducing) device performance andquality of this i mportant piezoelectric and optical ma-terial (Beall ,1994) .Point defects in quartz are usu-ally dilute in concentration and,therefore ,are ame-nable to study by only a fewstructural techniques ,ofwhich electron…  相似文献   

10.
The influence of structural defects on the polymorphic transformations in quartz was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance and electron microscopy. It was established that the kinetics of the accumulation of the clusters of the β-phase depends on isomorphic impurities in quartz. It was confirmed that germanium ions and vacancies in quartz participate in the formation of the clusters. Obtained results allow the assumption that the amount of germanium required to preserve clusters increases with increasing temperature and vice versa. An explanation is presented for experimentally observed decomposition of clusters during artificial heating of some quartz samples. It was found that the clusters of the β-phase are autonomous units, i.e. may exist independently of host crystalline structure of quartz. The possible mechanism of influence of Ge impurity on the temperature of α-β-transition in quarts is discussed.  相似文献   

11.
Germanium concentrations in geothermal waters in Iceland lie mostly in the range 2–30 ppb. There is an overall positive relation between the germanium content of the water and its temperature. Most of the germanium occurs as Ge(OH)?5in solution but Ge(OH)4 may also be present in significant amounts in saline waters when above 200°C. Evidence indicates that aqueous germanium concentrations are controlled by exchange reactions where it substitutes for silica in silicates and iron in sulphides. It is the rate of dissolution and the relative abundance of the alteration minerals which take up germanium to a variable extent that ultimately fix Ge(OH)4 concentrations in the water. This, together with water pH, fixes total dissolved germanium. It is mostly the primary rock composition that dictates the relative abundance of the alteration minerals. Conductive cooling in upflow zones favours removal of germanium from solution. During the initial stages of boiling of rising hot water dissolution is enhanced but precipitation at later stages.Thermodynamic data of various aqueous germanium species and several minerals are summarized and dissociation constants and solubilities estimated at elevated temperatures using available predictive methods.  相似文献   

12.
Granulite facies quartzites from the Ihouhaouene region, in the northern part of In Ouzzal, contain the assemblage corundum+quartz+magnetite together with hercynitic spinel+quartz+magnetite, sillimanite+quartz+magnetite and almandine-rich garnet+quartz+magnetite. Two types of corundum have been recognized: the first is primary and is found with quartz and magnetite only; the second type is found together with magnetite and chlorite rimming spinel as a fine-grained corona. The textures show that spinel-rich magnetite probably exsolved primary corundum, sillimanite, spinel and garnet during the cooling history. The secondary corundum formed later from the spinel already exsolved from magnetite. The secondary corundum is certainly metastable with respect to quartz. This may also apply for the primary corundum. However, given the high-temperature setting of this rock, it cannot be excluded that the stable contacts observed between primary corundum and quartz indicate equilibrium between the two phases. Taking into account the uncertainties in the thermodynamic data, the stability of this assemblage would imply that this part of In Ouzzal has recorded very high P–T conditions, above 1100°C at 12 kbar.  相似文献   

13.
自生矿物特征和成因机理对深层碎屑岩储层物性具有重要影响。以渤海海域歧南断阶带侏罗系为例,通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、同位素、包裹体、X衍射分析等技术手段,对研究区侏罗系深层碎屑岩储层自生矿物的类型、特征、成因机理及对优质储层发育的控制作用进行研究。结果表明：研究区侏罗系碎屑岩属于中孔-低渗储层,非均质性强;主要自生矿物类型为硅质矿物、碳酸盐矿物、黏土矿物3类;早期形成的硅质石英衬垫和碳酸盐胶结物控制了孔隙的发育和演化,沿颗粒表面分布的早期硅质石英衬垫有效抑制了后期石英加大生长,并增强了岩石的抗压能力,有利于原生孔隙保存;早期碳酸盐胶结物增强了储层抗压实能力,并为后期储层遭受溶蚀形成溶蚀孔提供了物质基础,有利于高孔隙储层形成;黏土矿物控制了储层渗透率差异,储层渗透率与自生高岭石体积分数呈正相关性,较高渗透率储层分布于侏罗系中段高岭石富集带内。研究区侏罗系碎屑岩发育原生孔隙体积分数高、微晶石英衬垫发育的Ⅰ类有利储层和粒间溶蚀孔隙较发育、具显著表生成岩作用特点的Ⅱ类有利储层,二者孔隙演化存在明显差异。Ⅰ类有利储层主要受早—中成岩期微晶石英衬垫抗压实作用控制,浅层和深层均可发育高孔隙储层;Ⅱ类有利储层主要受表生期风化淋滤作用控制,可在风化壳附近形成优质储层,整体上Ⅰ类储层物性优于Ⅱ类。  相似文献   

14.
Natural quartz crystals coming from Madagascar, Angola, Brazil, and Spain were studied by EPR after β irradiation in order to characterise the paramagnetic centres due to impurities, and examine in which way their relative proportion could constitute a useful criterion for origin researches. In all our samples, EPR experiments revealed germanium centres [GeO4/M+]° with M = Li or Na, aluminium ones [AlO4/h]° and two titanium centres ([TiO4/H+]° and [TiO4/M+]°) also appeared, except for samples coming from Spain. The comparison of the relative concentrations of paramagnetic species led us on to draw diagrams that allowed distinguishing the origins of the studied samples using only EPR spectra. To cite this article: M. Duttine et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 949–955.  相似文献   

15.
The EPR-study showed that natural purple diamonds from kimberlites of Eastern Siberia (Russia) contain well known P1, P2 (in some samples), W7, and N2 centers. The EPR spectra of these centers were typical of plastically deformed diamond single crystals. Besides, several intense additional spectra of di-nitrogen centers were observed in purple diamonds. The angular dependence analysis of these spectra showed that they can be attributed to known M2 centers. Comparison of principal axis directions observed for sites of the M2 center in purple diamond crystals with theoretically predicted directions in the twin crystal revealed that these centers are allocated exclusively to the twinned lamellae. Unusual phenomenon of the ordered distribution of paramagnetic centers in natural purple diamonds confirmed that the plastic deformation in natural diamonds can be induced not only by the slip of dislocations but also by the mechanical twinning.  相似文献   

16.
矿物成分和细观结构与岩石材料力学性质的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
岩石材料的宏观力学性质取决于其矿物成分和细观结构。使用材料试验机,测定了岩浆岩、化学沉积岩以及碎屑沉积岩9种岩样的力学性质参数。采用X射线衍射方法,测定了相应岩样的矿物成分。使用扫描电镜,观测了相应岩样的细观结构。分析了矿物成分和细观结构分别与力学性质参数的定性关系。对各组岩样的研究分析表明:存在于颗粒边界的裂隙会显著降低岩样的抗拉强度,长石矿物是岩样脆性的主要来源,颗粒大小和面理结构会对岩石的内摩擦角造成显著的影响,细晶花岗岩中较高的方解石含量使其抗压强度和弹性模量较小,细晶花岗岩中石英含量较高,其粘聚力较大;石盐晶体的细小与紧密堆积,造成了相应岩样的膨胀或蠕变特性,有机质的存在会对岩盐的力学性能产生显著的弱化;岩样中颗粒间的弱带,会弱化岩石材料的力学性能。深灰色泥岩中石英胶结物的次生加大现象,使得深灰色泥岩的力学性能得到提高。   相似文献   

17.
Mechanical Dauphiné twinning in quartz has been of long-standing interest, both in single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates. This study investigates texture development in fine-grained quartz rock novaculite with no initial texture using compression experiments conducted in the Paterson gas apparatus to explore the influence of stress and temperature. Texture patterns are measured with time-of-flight neutron diffraction and hard synchrotron X-rays, analyzing diffraction data with the Rietveld method. Similar texture patterns are observed as described previously but the new results establish a profound influence of temperature and document that twinning initiates at stresses less than 50 MPa. Possibilities of using Dauphiné twinning as a paleopiezometer in quartz-bearing rocks are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
辉钼矿中Re、Os含量高且几乎不含普通Os,通常被认为是开展金属矿床定年的理想对象。然而,在一些矿床中辉钼矿常以浸染状产出,矿物颗粒微小,挑纯难度较大,本文尝试使用含辉钼矿的岩石样品进行测年实验。选择研究程度较高、年龄数据较多的德兴斑岩铜矿田朱砂红矿床的4件含辉钼矿岩石样品进行了Re_Os同位素定年,结果获得等时线年龄为172.6±2.6 Ma,与前人已获得的年龄数据基本一致,说明该年龄数据可靠,样品中的硅酸盐矿物对定年结果没有影响。德兴斑岩铜矿田中3个矿床的辉钼矿Re_Os年龄与花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U_Pb年龄相一致,表明其矿化与斑岩侵入体直接相关。而前人获得的Rb_Sr年龄及K_Ar年龄与近年得到的Re_Os、U_Pb年龄数据存在差别的原因可能是后期热液蚀变及热事件破坏或重置了Rb_Sr和K_Ar同位素体系。  相似文献   

19.
Garnetiferous, perpotassic granulites associated with voluminous, felsic calc-alkaline garnet-kyanite granulites in the Blanský les massif are described as a new rock type. A K2O content near 13 wt%, Zr content ranging from 17 to 5877 ppm, primary Ca-Mg-Fe garnet (pyrope up to 33 mol %), and the absence of primary plagioclase and quartz characterize the new type of granulite. Calcium is incorporated only in garnet and apatite. Owing to the content of garnet the bulk syenitic compositions are metaaluminous to peraluminous. The perpotassic granulites are accompanied by subordinated melanocratic perpotassic granulite and alkali-feldspar melanocratic granulite containing up to 20 vol % quartz. These rock types also contain highly variable amounts of zircon. High-pressure, noneutectic partial melting of crustal rocks and crystallization under upper mantle conditions is suggested as the main process in generation of perpotassic granulites. A polyphase, ductile to brittle deformation and recrystallization in pyroxene granulite and later in amphibolite facies accompanied obduction of the granulite massif which carries numerous enclaves of pyrope peridotite. Euhedral equant zircon crystals up to 4 mm long enclosed in large garnet crystals and in the alkali feldspar matrix of perpotassic granulite represent a uniform, high-temperature population with a nearly concordant U-Pb system (Aftalion et al. 1989). The Hercynian age of this zircon indicates the role of the Hercynian anatexis of crustal rocks under upper mantle conditions in generation of granulites in the Moldanubian zone of the Bohemian massif.  相似文献   

20.
The concentrations of Rb, Sr, Nd and Sm in quartz crystals from Crystal Peak, Colorado; Stewart Mine, California; Tomas Gonzaga, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and Coleman Mines, Arkansas, were determined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Concentrations ranged from: 1.17 to 177 ppb Rb; 3.26 to 1027 ppb Sr; 0.0159 to 0.48 ppb Sm; 0.127 to 2.81 ppb Nd. In the Brazilian crystal, concentrations of these elements were correlated with the amount of fluid inclusion water measured visually by turbidity and quantitatively with infrared adsorption spectroscopy. The highest Rb content was found for a crystal free of visible inclusions, indicating that small amounts of Rb can also occur in quartz itself. Rb and Sr contents are much lower in synthetic quartz grown commercially from the Arkansas quartz.  相似文献   

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