共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
镇城底矿工作面的回采巷道一条沿顶板掘进,一条沿底板掘进,相邻两工作面在端头搭接,沿底板掘进的巷道形成巷顶沿空掘巷。通过理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟及现场实测对巷顶沿空掘巷围岩结构及应力环境进行了研究。得到如下结论：该巷道不受超前和固定支承压力影响,大结构下方的矸石垫层可起到能量和应力耗散的作用,避免了动载和冲击影响,应力低且稳定;岩层移动形成的垮落角对采空区应力大小和分布（尤其采空区边缘）有重要影响;垮落角越小,采空区应力越小,该巷道围岩应力越小,采空区恢复至原岩应力的距离越大;垮落角对岩体塑性区发育方向起控制和导向作用;该巷道围岩应力大幅低于原岩应力,卸压程度大;实测该巷道竖向和横向位移均比非沿空巷道小,即顶底板和两帮应力环境均得到改善。研究对维护具有冲击倾向的高应力巷道具有一定意义。 相似文献
2.
不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用数值模拟技术和现场矿压观测系统,研究了不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律及其显现特征。结果表明,在煤炭开采过程中,不同岩性顶板回采工作面最大支承应力存在一定差异,在强度较高的砂岩顶板岩体中,支承压力大,工作面前方支承压力峰值距工作面距离小,初次来压步距和周期来压步距大,矿压显现强烈;而在强度较低的泥岩顶板区,顶板岩体不能和砂岩骨架层一样抵抗覆岩压力,且支承压力小,支承压力的峰值向回采工作面前方岩体内部推移,初次来压步距和周期来压步距小,矿压显现不明显。 相似文献
3.
以某矿综放采场为背景,通过现场实测、相似材料模拟等手段,研究了松软煤层综放开采中液压支架受力状态、两巷单体支柱受力特征和顶底板的采动应力分布规律,结果表明液压支架在工作面不同位置受力状态不同,处于中部位置的支架受力最大,同一支架前立柱受力大于后立柱;风巷围岩应力大于机巷围岩应力,两巷的超前采动应力峰值位置在工作面前3～11m;顶板岩层同一层位中采动应力分布随工作面的距离不同而不同;不同层位应力分布也不同,离煤层越近的岩层中应力集中系数越大;底板岩层在工作面前方6m左右处应力达到最大,在工作面处应力为零。该研究结果有效地指导了该矿井同一煤层综放面巷道布置、两巷支护及工作面顶板管理。 相似文献
4.
坚硬顶板是岩层控制的一大难题,高位坚硬岩层的破断失稳经常会诱发强矿压灾害,严重威胁矿井的安全生产,坚硬顶板的治理是煤矿安全生产的重大难题之一。针对神东矿区布尔台煤矿煤层顶板厚度大、硬度高、垮落难等问题,分析定向长钻孔分段水力压裂的压裂机理和技术优势,基于关键层理论确定了钻孔布置层位,采用拟三维裂缝模型对压裂注入时间和注入流速对裂缝扩展的影响进行分析计算,确定布尔台煤矿42108工作面顶板压裂钻孔布置方式,沿工作面倾向方向平行布孔3个,裂缝半长41 m,压裂控制区域覆盖了整个工作面。实践表明:42108工作面在实施了坚硬顶板分段水力压裂弱化后,工作面正常支架循环末阻力同比下降3.33%;周期来压期间,支架循环末阻力同比下降6.81%;动载系数平均降低了10.88%;强矿压显现减弱,保证工作面安全回采。 相似文献
5.
Controlling the subsidence of overburden strata is the main objective for backfill mining technology. In order to understand the controlling effect of filling body, a detection scheme with three direction boreholes was designed in the tailgate of T3290 mining face in Tangshan Coal Mine to monitor the fracture developing process of overburden strata. In addition, a few displacement and stress sensors used for monitoring the roof subsidence and filling body stress were arranged behind the longwall face to monitor and record the force and deformation of gangue. The field investigation shows that the solid backfill mining technology can effectively reduce the fracture of overburden strata, i.e., the fracture height and the damage degree. The subsidence of overburden strata is mainly caused by the subsidence of roof which is divided into four stages: roof subsidence stage of mining face, rapid subsidence stage of gob roof, relatively stable stage, and long-term rheological stage. The gauge plays an essential role in slowing down the subsidence in each stage of the overburden subsidence, especially the relatively stable stage. 相似文献
6.
This paper presents an analytical model of a floor failure at a longwall coal mining face based on the multiple sliding block model. During longwall mining, stresses and displacements of strata are constantly changing. High stress concentrations at the coal face can exceed the rock strength and initiate fractures in the strata that can, under unfavourable conditions, lead to large floor displacements and disruption of mining operations. Underground observations of the rock floor and the computational modelling of the longwall face indicate that two types of fracture dominate floor failure. Extensive lateral fracturing often develops along the numerous weak bedding planes that are typically present in the sedimentary strata while sub-vertical fractures form in response to changing stress abutments ahead of the longwall coal face. The fractures that initially develop ahead of the longwall face are subject to a secondary movement when exposed ahead of the longwall supports. In response to the stress relief as the coal is mined from above, strata move towards the opening and bending of the floor occurs. If fractures in the floor exist, the floor blocks will displace in response to the floor movement and interact at the fractured surfaces. This analysis attempts to explain how the stress distribution develops within the broken floor during an active movement of floor strata leading to high stress concentrations at the floor level. The analytical formulation in this paper is supplemented by numerical modelling, and results are presented to verify that the analytical solutions are in accordance with the numerical predictions. 相似文献
7.
The permeability of sedimentary rocks during triaxial compression tests was investigated to relate it to the complete strain–stress process. It was found that the permeability was not constant, but varied with the stress and strain states in the rocks. Prior to the peak strength, the permeability decreases with increasing load. A dramatic increase in permeability occurs during the strain softening period. In the present study, in situ measurements of fluid flow and pressure in floor strata was carried out in a double longwall mining face in the Yangzhuang colliery. These measurements show that both the strata pressure and the position with respect to the mining face influence the hydrogeologic properties. The permeability increased in the floor strata behind the mining face because those mining induced fractures opened as the strata pressure decreased. To better understand this change in hydraulic behavior around the mining faces, 3-D numerical modeling was carried out. The model provides the general picture of the stress distribution and failure zone both in the floor and roof strata. The field and model results demonstrate the importance of changes in the stress and strain states on the hydrogeology of a site. 相似文献
8.
In order to master the tendency mining-fracture-evolution characteristics of overlying strata and coal seams above working face with large inclination angle and mining depth in mining process, the 1221 working face in Zhao mine is selected as the engineering background and a mathematical model is established. The displacement variation, stress and strain of overlying strata and coal seams are simulated by using ANSYS software. In the mining process, the movement characteristics, displacement variation laws and fracture evolution characteristics of overlying strata and coal seams above working face with large inclination angle and mining depth along inclination direction are discussed. Simulation results show that with the advance of working face, the fracture development of overlying strata and coal seams is larger and larger; the area of gob is gradually expanding and the transverse stress of overlying strata and coal seams is also expanding. Stress contour of overlying strata and coal seams at both ends of gob becomes denser and denser; the activity of the overlying strata and coal seams near the up-roadway side of the gob is violent. The pressure relief zone is formed in the upper part of the strata and the roof above the gob. Large inclination angle of coal seam results in larger supporting pressure in the underside of the gob and smaller supporting pressure in the upper side of the gob. Along the inclination direction of the working face, the pressure relief zone is mainly concentrated in the outlet roadway of the working face; the fracture development and strata separation are obvious, which offer good passage for gas flow and migration. 相似文献
9.
Intensive strata behaviors are generated when the No. 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam in a coal mine is advanced by way of the pillars left over of the upper part of 7# close distance coal seam. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and filed measurement were utilized to obtain the rule of the stress change when the 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam passes the pillars left over of the 7# coal seam. Meanwhile, a pressure-relief mining (PRM) technology was put forward. According to the research results, when the 8707 working face in the 8# coal seam was advanced to the position that was 20 m in front of the pillar left over, the abutment pressure reached the maximum for 26 MPa and the stress concentration factor was 3.25, which was likely to give rise to the rock burst. With the advance of the working face, the abutment pressure was reduced slowly. As the 8707 working face advanced 15 m away the pillar left over, the transfixed shear failure region of 45° was found in the bedrocks of the upper and lower coal seams, which was readily to give rise to the shear rupture, leading to the rock burst. Based on the aforementioned research, this research carried out the PRM by applying the hydraulic fracturing technology on the coal roof and pillar, which can ensure the safety and efficient mining of working faces. 相似文献
10.
Yushun Yang Dongming Zhang Xin Bai Han Yang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(4):2087-2095
In this paper, based on the field test of No.S3012 working face of Shan Mushu Coal Mine in Sichuan Coal Group, monitoring the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow during the mining process, studying the change law of the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow of the coal seam, and using the numerical simulation method research on the evolution of abutment pressure and displacement of coal seam during the mining process. The results shown that: with the advance of coal mining face, the abutment pressure of coal seam can be divided into stress decreasing area, stress increasing area and original stress area, and the stress state of coal seam and the pore, crack structure and permeability of coal body are obviously changed. With the advance of the mining face, the abutment pressure in front and back of the coal mining face is the moving abutment pressure, and the coal mining face to be in the pressure relief area, the front abutment pressure peak value deep into the coal body 5–10 m, the influence scope reaches the front coal mining face to 90–100 m, this area is the stress increasing area. And the evolution law of the roof displacement of goaf is similar to the elliptical with the axial ratio changes, when the ratio is close to 1, the roof subsidence affected area is similar to the shape of “O”. 相似文献
11.
Borehole stress monitoring analysis on advanced abutment pressure induced by Longwall Mining 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nong Zhang Nianchao Zhang Changliang Han Deyu Qian Fei Xue 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(2):457-463
The paper presented the research on the dynamic advanced abutment stress induced by longwall mining with borehole stress meters on mining side coal mass. Twenty vibrating wire borehole stress meters were installed into the extracting coal mass wall of a first mining roadway of 910 m depth in Zhuji Coal Mine, China, and were used to monitor dynamic changes in vertical and horizontal stresses. Three months of continuous monitoring and further analysis showed that the impacting distance of advanced abutment stress induced by mining in the strike of the working face along its central axis was the farthest, greater than 250 m (the face length is 220 m); it gradually decreased in the radial direction of the face from its central axis outward; the pressure peak was located within 24 m in the front of the mining coal wall; non-synchronous caving of the layered mudstone roof at the stope occurred. Comparison between vertical and horizontal stress increments indicated that the horizontal stress was much smaller than the vertical stress in the coal mass of mining side, while the latter’s magnitude determined the drastic degree of mine pressure manifestation. The study has been applied to determine the advanced support length of the working face and further provide a reliable basis to forecast such dynamic disasters as rock burst, coal and gas outburst, etc., as well as to design the asymmetric supports on both sides of a gateway. 相似文献
12.
“十三五”以来,围绕“我国煤矿井下煤层区域增透瓦斯高效抽采和坚硬顶板岩层弱化区域治理”两大难题,将定向长钻孔与分段压裂技术结合,通过技术攻关与装备研发及工程试验,在煤矿井下定向长钻孔分段水力压裂技术和装备研发及工程示范应用等方面均取得了明显进展。主要表现在如下4个方面:(1)开发了适合于煤矿井下煤岩层裸眼定向长钻孔不动管柱和动管柱两种分段水力压裂工艺技术与工具,不动管柱分段压裂工程应用钻孔长度突破了500 m,单孔压裂实现了5段;动管柱分段压裂钻孔长度工程应用突破了800 m,单孔压裂实现了17段。(2)研发了煤矿井下低压端加砂压裂泵组和高压端加砂压裂装置,低压端加砂泵组压力达到了70 MPa,排量达到90 m3/h,携砂比达到20%;高压端加砂压裂装备耐压能力达到55 MPa,一次连续加砂压裂的砂量达到750 kg;低压端和高压端加砂装备均在现场进行了工程应用,应用结果表明装备均具有较好携砂压裂能力。(3)建立了碎软煤层围岩分段压裂和硬煤顺层钻孔分段压裂区域增透瓦斯高效抽采技术模式,前者在山西阳泉矿区和陕西韩城矿区应用钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量均值分别达到了2 811 m3/d和1 559 m3/d,后者在陕西彬长矿区应用钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量达到了2 491 m3/d。(4)探索出了坚硬顶板强矿压煤矿井下定向长钻孔分段水力压裂主动超前区域弱化治理的新模式,工程应用钻孔长度突破了800 m,坚硬顶板分段水力压裂治理后,顶板来压步距、动载系数和最高压力值较未压裂区分别下降了18.9%~70.6%,5.8%~7.9%,13.7%~19.4%,有效治理了工作面坚硬顶板引起的强矿压灾害。随着煤矿井下分段水力压裂技术改进和煤矿智能开采发展的实际需要,提出了煤矿井下大排量高压力智能压裂泵组、井下长钻孔裸眼分段压裂智能工具等装备和煤矿井?地联合分段水力压裂技术研发方向,以更好地推动煤矿井下水力压裂技术与装备发展,为煤矿安全高效绿色智能开采提供技术和装备支撑。 相似文献
13.
Shuai Zhao Shiliang Wu Lulin Yang Hui Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):195-202
A new form of roof—”secondary roof structure” form, according to the characteristics of significant differences existing between the measured roof pressure and the roof pressure calculated by “support-surrounding rock” formulas, exists in working face that was mined under the upper gob at short range in Shendong mining area. The reasons why additional static load of secondary roof came into being were gained through the analysis of main roof weight distribution coefficient. It is that main roof can not transfer all the static load to the front coal wall and the rear caved gangue, and partial weight of the gangue of upper gob served as the additional static load attaching to the roof of working face. The roof parameters of five working faces mining under the upper gob were counted based on the field measurement and theoretical analysis. What is more, here, the relationship between the M/L value and the roof form was analyzed. Also the roof pressure of 21305 working face of 1?2 coal seam was calculated based on the secondary roof structure model, and the additional static load coefficient (T) was used as measurement of the additional static load of secondary roof. Finally, the directions which can be made a breakthrough in theoretical research of secondary roof were introduced. 相似文献
14.
工作面长度的增加是导致采场矿压强度增加的原因之一。通过相似模拟试验证明了覆岩能破断成梯形台形态,并指出了梯形台形成机制及梯形台的参数计算原理。利用梯形台分析了工作面长度对覆岩破断规律的影响,指出了梯形台与关键层理论的关系。基于薄板理论推导了岩层破断步距的计算公式,分析了工作面长度对梯形台空间结构演化及采场矿压显现特征的影响。结果表明：由于覆岩按梯形台破断,工作面长度较短时,加载层厚度较小,来压强度小。对比研究了赵庄2号井1305大采高工作面（工作面长度为85 m）和1302大采高工作面（工作面长度为180 m）矿压特征。结果表明：1305工作面基于梯形台和薄板理论进行选型计算,支架计算工作阻力为4 738 kN,现场选用额定阻力5 500 kN能够满足顶板控制的要求;1302工作面基于梁理论进行选型计算,支架计算工作阻力为7 623 kN,现场需选用额定阻力7 800 kN才能满足顶板控制的要求。 相似文献
15.
Zhang Zhiyi Chen Hui Li Dongfa Zhang Zhiqiang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):799-813
Equipment recovery passage (ERP) is being widely employed in longwall panel for the purpose of recovering heave mining equipment at the end of mining stage. The stability of the ERP, however, is always difficult to control although powerful supporting structures are employed, which restricts its further promotion. In the present paper, we focused on the ERP’s stability control through reducing the abutment stress imposed on the ERP’s surroundings rather than solely increasing roadway support intensity, based on a rigorous case study in China. First, the dynamic evolution of the abutment stresses, corresponding plastic zone and deformations in the surrounding rock of the ERP were analyzed through a meticulously validated FLAC3D numerical simulation, as the longwall face moved with different velocity. The simulated results indicate that the faster the longwall face moved, the lower the abutment stresses, the narrower the plastic zone and the smaller the deformations were. In terms of these analyses, two suggestions were proposed, including increasing longwall face moving velocity and roof structure optimization, and corresponding technologies were introduced, and potential effect were verified as well. Conclusions and suggestions of this paper might be helpful for increasing the flexibility of the ERP in similar geotechnical conditions.
相似文献16.
巷旁支护体稳定是沿空留巷成功的关键。通过建立沿空留巷上覆岩层结构力学模型,分析了巷旁支护体在3个阶段的受力和变形特征,得到了巷旁支护体的作用机制,即巷旁支护体设置后快速增阻,即时支撑巷内顶板,工作面后方周期来压前达到切顶阻力切落采空区一定高度的顶板,上覆岩层剧烈活动稳定前有较大的变形能力及稳定后有较高的后期强度。在上述研究的基础上,以九里山矿24021工作面沿空留巷为工程背景,在巷内支护和巷旁充填材料确定的情况下,采用数值模拟方法分析了不同巷旁支护体宽度时的沿空留巷维护效果,确定了合理的巷旁支护体宽度。该研究成果成功应用于工程实践。 相似文献
17.
针对深井沿空留巷充填体常向巷道空间发生移动,分析深井复合顶板条件下充填体水平位移特征,计算顶底板对充填体的摩擦力和基于弹性地基梁理论下的采空区冒落矸石对充填体的水平挤压力。基于淮南矿区顾桥矿1115（1）工作面轨道顺槽典型深井复合顶板条件下沿空留巷工程地质条件,建立充填体力学计算模型,得到深井复合顶板条件下沿空留巷充填体内移表达式。结果表明,（1）由于复合顶板裂隙发育,垮落后具有较好的流动性,在关键块旋转下沉过程中容易对充填体产生水平挤压力,且复合顶板能够较大程度吸收关键块旋转下沉施加的给定变形,底板不易插底,充填体更易发生内移;（2）理论计算充填体位移量为0.38 m,实测位移量为0.5 m,二者能够吻合,验证了研究成果的正确性。根据充填体内移特点,提出抗剪锚杆等措施增加充填体和顶底板摩擦因数和在靠近充填体的采空区侧设置隔离桩的控制技术。 相似文献
18.
Guang-an Zhu Lin-ming Dou Chang-bin Wang Jing Li Wu Cai Zi-wei Ding 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(24):549
A systematic approach to numerically simulating an island longwall panel operation is proposed: it aims to investigate the evolution of overlying strata, static stress and displacement response and dynamic load arising from roof fracturing and fault slip. The results show that due to a small gob width (70 m) on both sides, the evolution height of overlying strata is limited, i.e. the heights of the cave-in zone and fracture zone are 30.98 and 66.91 m, respectively. The numerical model matches the theoretical analysis and field observations. Dynamic analysis reveals that the envelope of mine tremors confirms the good correlation with the evolution of the fracture zone. As the mining panel is far from the fault, fault slip does not occur; at this time, the dynamic load mainly comes from roof fracturing. When mining activities approach the fault, the calculation of the dynamic response of fault slip is performed over the area where the increase of relative shear displacement during dynamic analysis exceeds 0.05 m and where the shear stress along the fault decreases. It is shown that during the initial stage of the mining process, and in a square mining panel, fault slip is more likely to occur, leading to strong tremors and rock bursts, which become more notable in the later stages of the mining of the island panel. 相似文献
19.
De-zhong Kong Wei Jiang Yi Chen Zheng-yang Song Zhenqian Ma 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(8):185
Low recovery of longwall top coal caving (LTCC) remains one of the most difficult engineering problems in this mining method and impedes its application. The top coal left in the gob at face end accounts for a large portion of the total coal loss, and the instability of the leftover triangle coal at face end has long been a threat to the safety of miners and the mining equipment. In this paper, based on the engineering background of Ruilong mine, we explore the stability of the roof at the end of the face by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement. Results reveal that in the inclined longwall top coal caving face, the immediate roof forms an “arch” structure, and the basic roof forms a “masonry beam” structure after the roof collapses; working resistance of the support calculated by the method of ultimate bearing capacity was adequate to meet the requirement of roof load; roof load of coal pillar was related to the length of key block and fracture position; and increasing the size of coal pillar could ensure the stability of both coal pillar and roof. 相似文献
20.
为保障厚煤层综采工作面回撤巷的安全使用,以鄂尔多斯纳林河二号井31102工作面回撤巷强矿压显现为背景,通过现场监测与理论分析相结合的方法,对厚煤层综采工作面开采过程中回撤巷强矿压显现进行研究。结果表明:厚煤层综采工作面回撤巷强矿压显现,主要为工作面采动引起的超前支承压力、相邻采空悬顶引起的双向支承应力,以及回撤巷开掘引起的静载三者耦合作用的结果。根据强矿压发生机理,提出回撤巷道及相邻巷道钻孔卸压和补强支护相结合的控制方案,使其处于“强支、强卸”状态。在相邻31103工作面回撤巷实施强矿压控制技术,通过现场观测和数据分析,表明强矿压控制技术效果良好,可有效保障回撤巷的安全使用。 相似文献