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1.
Some villages and bridges are located on the ground surface of the working district no. 7 in the Wanglou Coal Mine. If longwall mining is adopted, the maximum deformation of the ground surface will exceed the safety value. Strip mining is employed for the working district no. 7 which is widely used to reduce surface subsidence and the consequent damage of buildings on the ground surface. To ensure the safety of coal pillars and improve the recovery coefficient, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation (FLAC 3D) were adopted to determine the coal pillar and mining widths and to discuss the coal pillar stress distribution and surface subsidence for different mining scenarios. The results revealed that the width of coal pillars should be larger than 162 m, and the optimized mining width varies from 150 to 260 m. As the coal seam is exploited, vertical stress is mainly applied on the coal pillar, inducing stress changes on its ribs. The coefficient of mining-induced stress varies from 2.02 to 2.62 for different mining scenarios. The maximum surface subsidence and horizontal movement increase as the mining width increases. However, when the mining width increases to a certain value, increasing the pillar width cannot significantly decrease the maximum subsidence. To ensure the surface subsidence less than 500 mm, the mining width should not be larger than 200 m. Considering the recovery coefficient and safety of the coal pillar, a pillar width of 165 m is suggested. 相似文献
2.
Monitoring of coal mining subsidence in peri-urban area of Zonguldak city (NW Turkey) with persistent scatterer interferometry using ALOS-PALSAR 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saygin Abdikan Mahmut Arıkan Fusun Balik Sanli Ziyadin Cakir 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(9):4081-4089
This paper presents the results of spatiotemporal monitoring of surface subsidence over a mining area in Zonguldak Province of Turkey using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, providing maps of subsidence rates in the radar line of sight direction. A total of 18 SAR images, acquired between January 2007 and June 2010 by the Japanese Advanced Land Observing Satellite, have been used to map the surface displacements using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry technique. The use of Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar data has proved useful for avoiding signal decorrelation and estimating surface deformation in the heavily vegetated study region. The technique enables the monitoring of continuous small displacements over a large area. Our findings present that many Persistent Scatterers were located on the vegetation cover. The results reveal areas of ground surface subsidence up to 44 mm/year that are well correlated with the underground coal mining galleries particularly in the Gelik region where the Karadon mining galleries are present. 相似文献
3.
研究开采沉陷灾害发生及发展的动态过程具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。因采场上覆岩层及采矿过程的复杂性,全面研究采矿过程中上覆岩层的移动及地表的沉陷具有很大的难度,以研究地表沉陷区观测点下沉变化过程的时间序列为切入点,对开采沉陷的动态过程进行了研究。通过研究地表沉陷区观测点下沉量的时间序列发现,Weibull（韦布尔）函数可较准确地拟合和描述地表观测点的下沉过程曲线。煤层开采地表移动过程的FLAC3D模拟研究发现,同一沉陷区内各观测点的下沉过程在时间和空间上具有独立性。在该基础上,将概率积分沉陷曲线模型与Weibull时间序列函数相结合,给出沉陷区主剖面的动态下沉、倾斜和曲率曲线的唯象学模型,经实例证明建模思路是可行的。 相似文献
4.
Jixiong Zhang Qiang Sun Nan Zhou Jiang Haiqiang Deon Germain Sami Abro 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(10):558
In China’s western coal mining area, the traditional room mining technology is facing coal pillar instability, mine earthquake, large-area roof subsidence in the goaf, surface subsidence, water and soil loss, vegetation deterioration, and other environmental problems. To solve the aforementioned problems and to improve coal recovery, the roadway backfill coal mining (RBCM) method was proposed as a solution and its technical principle and key equipment were presented in this paper. In addition, the microstructure and mechanical behavior (strain-stress relation in confined compressive test) of aeolian sand and loess backfill materials were studied for a rational backfill design for underground mines. Further, coal pillar stress, plastic zone change, and surface deformation of the RBCM schemes were studied using the FLAC3D numerical simulation software, and a reasonable mining scheme of “mining 7 m and leaving 3 m” was determined. The engineering application in Changxing Coal Mine shows that the RBCM method with loess and aeolian sand as backfill materials allows a stable recovery of coal pillars with a recovery ratio of more than 70 %. The maximum accumulated surface subsidence and the maximum horizontal deformation were measured to be 15 mm and 0.8 mm/m respectively, indicating that the targeted backfilling effect can help protect the environment and also control surface subsidence. 相似文献
5.
苇湖梁煤矿已有50多年的开采历史, 长期的地下开采造成了严重的地面塌陷。本文将新疆苇湖梁煤矿塌陷区作为研究区, 以2013年的IKONOS高分遥感影像为主要数据源, 以ArcGIS为支撑平台, 采用人机交互的解译方法对塌陷区的相关信息进行提取, 结合实地调查验证的方法, 分析研究区内地质灾害的特征。通过遥感调查发现: 研究区内发育规模较大、位于塌陷区周围的拉伸区的地裂缝约有64条;塌陷坑(群)约有94个, 主要分布于南北塌陷槽及两侧;塌陷回填区总面积达0.92 km2, 并在回填区发现了3个新塌陷坑。本文充分发挥了遥感技术宏观性强、速度快的特点, 调查结果反映了塌陷区灾害的实际情况。 相似文献
6.
贵州贞丰县某煤矿开采煤层以向斜缓倾的三叠系上统火把冲组（T3h）为主,与贵州省大部分煤矿开采的背斜反倾煤层不同,其采矿活动诱发的地面沉降和滑坡风险亦表现出不同的变形破坏模式(背斜反倾煤层易诱发倾倒崩塌、顺层缓倾煤层易诱发地面塌陷与滑坡)。论文利用升、降轨观测的共15期3 m空间分辨率L波段PALSAR -2 SAR为数据源,开展了多期地表变形D -InSAR测量,确定出变形发生的位置、范围与滞后时间。经实地调查验证,InSAR解算结果较好地吻合了矿区开采范围和地表破坏情况,证实了InSAR在煤矿区识别时序性地表形变的准确性。进而分解计算了地表三维变形,并通过与地下开采范围和过程的相关性分析,深化了对该地区缓倾煤层地下开采诱发的顺层滑坡变形模式的认识:（1）InSAR可以识别计算出采矿区地表变形的范围与沉降量,矿区变形在干涉影像中表现为以采空区地表为中心向四周扩散的圆环状变形条纹;（2）地表变形区域覆盖地下采空区上方及附近地表区域,根据地表变形情况与地下采空区范围计算出该地区上山边界角约70°、下山边界角约58°;（3）地下采空与地表沉降变形存在约30 d的时间滞后;（4）顺层地下采空引发的地表水平移动方向受地层产状、地表坡向共同作用,水平向为沿层面的顺层滑移与向沉降中心汇聚的合成运动结果;（5）沿层面的顺层滑移与地表坡度因素叠加造成采空区地表上山侧岩石受拉产生拉裂缝,下山侧则易产生塌陷坑及裂缝。 相似文献
7.
打通一煤矿西区开采对地表影响程度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从分析矿井西区的地形地貌、地质构造、地层、水文地质条件和开采技术条件入手,对W2701工作面开采后的地表裂缝、地表水体和地面塌陷进行了调查,推算煤层开采后的冒落带和裂隙带的高度分别为40．90m和140．22m,而该区煤层埋深为450-600m,说明在正常开采下,不会对地表产生影响。但随着开采强度的增大,煤系地层上覆岩层中一些未探明隐伏裂隙的存在,可能会间接影响到地表。据此提出了设立岩移观测站、建立预警系统、留设安全煤柱等预防措施。 相似文献
8.
地下水位下降对采矿覆岩下沉影响探析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地下采煤会导致地表下沉盆地的形成。然而地下水尤其是承压水的流失即水位降低对地表下沉盆地的形成存在不可忽视的影响，而对两者之间的关系及其过程的力学机理是岩移领域亟待研究的课题之一。矿区地下水位降低的主要原因为承压水通过采动裂隙向下渗流、煤层开采前顶板岩溶含水岩层的疏干以及地面人为钻井取水。根据对一具体矿区地下水位下降对地表沉陷影响实测数据的分析得出，在以采煤为主导条件导致地表下沉的过程中，几乎全部的开采沉陷量中均包含有由于含水层释水而造成的沉陷量。通过对上覆岩层力学机理分析，指出水位降低对覆岩移动、地表下沉的影响是由于一定地质条件下可渗水性岩石的物理力学特性、渗水对其它岩石的软化、释水后原冲积层的压密固结以及水渗透过程中的水岩耦合作用等因素综合作用所致。同时，在以上理论的基础上还探讨性地建立了地下水位下降对地表下沉贡献模型，在此模型基础上可以建立2个或2个以上影响因素对地表下沉的贡献模型。最后以框图形式概括了地下水位下降及其对地表下沉影响的综合过程。 相似文献
9.
Weibing Zhu Shengchao Yu Dayang Xuan Zhenjun Shan Jialin Xu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(18):554
Strip mining was the major method to control surface subsidence when mining under buildings in China; however, its coal recovery ratio was only 30 to 50%, resulting in a large amount of coal resource waste due to the retained strip coal pillars. As such, it is of important significance to recover the retained pillars while guarantee the safety of the buildings at surface. In order to address this issue, excavating strip coal pillars using caving zone backfill technology was proposed in this study. The process of this technology was to grouting backfill the original strip caving zones using high-water content material at first, creating a combined backfill body of caved gangue and high-water content material, the backfill body acted as the temporary support. Then the retained pillars were excavated and the newly produced caving zones were backfilled with one interval, which effectively prevented the movement and deformation of the strata. The backfilling system and technology were designed and trailed to excavate the retained pillars at mining area 911 in Bucun colliery. It was found that the backfilling rate reached 96.8 to 98.7% in the original caving zones, the backfilling body in caving zones was highly compacted, and the maximum surface subsidence was only increased to 67 mm with no growth in the failure depth of floor. The retained coal pillars in three of the mining areas were safely excavated and the safety of buildings on the ground was preserved. 相似文献
10.
抚顺采煤已有百余年历史,由于各种原因造成了一系列地质灾害:滑坡、矿震、地表沉陷和地裂缝等。矿区的中部和西部的形成带状的地表拉裂和建筑物破坏;软岩区形成大面积的地表沉陷,硬岩区形成脆性和线性拉裂,这些现象与矿区地质结构是分不开的。通过对矿区地质结构和矿区地层构造演化研究,认为抚顺矿区地质灾害是发生在花岗岩与火山岩之间的"凹槽"内,是有限的。根据矿区主断层F1、F1A交汇点位置,将矿区地质结构类型划分为三种类型,并通过FLAC二维数值计算对三种类型的典型剖面进行了数值模拟和验证,合理地解释了矿区地质灾害的产生机理和发展趋势,为抚顺矿区地质灾害综合治理和采煤规划提供了科学依据。采用地质结构控制论来研究城市地质灾害提供了新的思路和方法。 相似文献
11.
Grout injection into bed separation to control surface subsidence during longwall mining under villages: case study of Liudian coal mine,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Surface subsidence can cause many environmental problems and hazards (including loss of land area and damage to buildings), and such hazards are particularly serious in coal mining districts. Injecting grout into the bed separation in the overburden has been proposed as an effective control measure against surface subsidence during longwall mining. However, no field trials of this technique have been implemented in mines under villages in China, and thus, its ability to control subsidence in such areas has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, field trials using this technique were carried out during longwall mining under villages in the Liudian coal mine, China. The maximum surface subsidence observed after the extraction was only 0.298 m, which accounts for 10 % of the mining height and is 79 % less than the predicted subsidence. Moreover, no damage occurred to the village buildings either during or after extraction and these buildings remain stable. Thus, this study represents the first successful attempt to control surface subsidence under villages in China using grout injection during longwall mining. 相似文献
12.
地球物理探测技术在北京门头沟小窑采空区勘查中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赵忠海 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2010,21(1):60-64
门头沟是北京地区的主要产煤区,地下有许多煤层采空区,其变形破坏可在地表引起比较严重的地面塌陷、地裂缝以及滑坡等地质灾害,对公路及建筑物等造成严重破坏。在采空区探测方面,物探方法因其精确、高效、施工方便且对地表无破坏性等优势而成为一种常用的重要手段。但针对一个特定的地区,采取不同的物探方法或不同的技术参数,其探测效果大不相同。本文在北京门头沟棚户区改造项目前期勘查工作的基础上,结合工程实例,对区内小窑采空区的变形特征及地球物理特征进行了认真分析,并对不同的物探手段在小窑采空区探测方面的应用和效果进行了初步探讨,这对今后有效开展采空区勘查工作具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
13.
急倾斜厚大金属矿山地下开挖岩移发生机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章以金川二矿区的岩体移动为例,对急倾斜厚大金属矿山的岩体移动这一重大工程难题进行了探讨。分析了急倾斜金属矿山开挖引起岩体移动的概化传递模式及其地表岩移显现特征。结合数值模拟及GPS监测分析结果,对厚大急倾斜金属矿山岩移发生机理进行研究。结果表明,急倾斜金属矿的厚度对地表岩移的显现特征具明显的影响。当对厚大矿体进行薄层开采时,较大幅度的岩体移动主要发生在采空区顶、底板,开采引起岩体移动的地表显现特征类似于水平矿体的开采;而当采空区的高度大于整个矿体的厚度时,采空区两侧的岩体位移逐渐增大到占主导地位。岩体移动的地表显现特征开始表现为急倾斜矿体开挖的岩体移动特征。 相似文献
14.
急倾斜煤层开采地表沉陷的渐近灰色预测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
煤层开采所引起的地表沉陷是一种严重的矿区地质灾害。煤层的倾角、厚度等物理条件是地表沉陷的主要影响因素。在水平煤层或缓倾斜煤的开采过程中，由于地层倾角小，地表沉陷具有较完整的规律性，其预测效果也比较理想。但是，在急倾斜煤层的开采中，由于地层倾角较大，赋存条件和地质体物理力学性质的差异，增强了地表下沉的非线性特征，使地表沉陷具有不确定的表现规律。文章对重庆市南桐矿区东林矿的地表沉陷非线性特征进行了探讨，得到了东林煤矿地表下沉曲线的分形维数是1．07。在岩层移动这个系统当中，既含有已知的又含有未知的或非确定的信息，可以作为一个灰色系统来研究。岩层控制系统的状态、结构和边界条件难以精确描述，属本征性灰色系统。文章针对东林煤矿地表下沉曲线非线性较弱的性质，提出用一种基于GM(1，1)的渐近预测模型对东林煤矿42个月的地表下沉量时间序列进行探讨。结果表明，这种模型对急倾斜层开采地表沉陷的预测是一种行之有效的方法。通过对其他工程实例的应用分析，进一步证明这种渐近的灰色预测方法具有相对较高的精度，是一种比较实用的地表沉陷预测方法，具有广泛的工程实用空间。 相似文献
15.
抚顺市是中国重要的采煤城市之一,100多年的煤矿开采已经使抚顺地区的地貌特征发生了重大变化。由于长期的露天开采,抚顺西露天矿形成了一个海拔约为-300m的深坑;煤矿的地下开采造成了大面积的地表沉陷;与此同时,煤矸石的露天堆积形成了3个排土场。本研究利用多时相的美国Landsat MSS（Multispectral Scanner）,TM（Thematic Mapper）,ETM+（Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus）,以及日本ASTER（Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer）卫星遥感数据分析过去近30年来抚顺地区煤矿开采所引起的地貌变化。多时相卫星遥感图像的对比分析显示,由于地面沉陷引起的地表积水面积在近5年（2001～2006年）内出现明显增大的趋势,增加了1.73km。同期的ASTER DEM数据对比分析还发现,西露天矿的开采深度在不断增加,最大增加量为55m,与此同时出现的新增排土场造成地面高程增加量最大为25m。这一研究表明利用遥感技术可以定量监测人类矿产开发活动所引起的地貌特征变化及其过程。 相似文献
16.
北京地区采空塌陷灾害主要分布于北京西山地区,造成地面的沉降或者陷落,进一步造成地面建筑破坏,公路、铁路、管线等线状工程扭曲损毁,农田、林地损毁,甚至造成人员伤亡。近年来,随着国家和地方政府产业政策的逐步调整,北京市逐步关停了所有小窑及大部分乡镇煤矿,但历史遗留的地下采空仍然威胁着人民群众的生命财产安全,介绍了国内外对采空塌陷灾害进行监测的几种技术方法,尝试探讨了适合于北京市西山地区的采空塌陷监测技术方法,为首都的防灾减灾提供参考。 相似文献
17.
小型无人机遥感技术具有成本低、操作灵活便利等优点,在地质调查中的作用愈来愈重要。采煤地表沉陷量变形监测是掌控采煤地表岩移变形规律和治理塌陷的关键性工作。重点探索四旋翼无人机遥感技术监测在羊场湾煤矿Y120212工作面采煤沉陷量的监测研究,通过野外踏勘与控制点布设、无人机航线规划与执行、4D产品制作的工作程序和监测方法,探索无人机遥感技术监测在矿山地质塌陷监测的应用。研究结果表明,通过对无人机遥感技术生成的DSM处理,经过多期地面高程的对比,得到Y120212工作面最大沉陷量达6.5m。结合分析、对比,无人机遥感技术可以实现采煤塌陷区地表沉陷变形监测,进而形成和发展了煤矿地面塌陷新的监测技术。 相似文献
18.
河北蔚县是我国华北地区最大的地下采煤区之一,该地区长期存在采矿塌陷灾害,不仅威胁采矿安全,而且严重破坏当地生态环境。本文基于合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）这一新型空间对地观测技术,采用61景Sentinel-1A/B干涉宽幅（Interferometric Wide swath,IW）模式数据进行矿区形变观测,获取整个矿区在2017—2018年间的地表形变空间分布特征,并对矿区地表的沉降量级及面积进行详细的统计分析。此外,采用融合多轨道SAR数据的多维形变时序估计方法,对西细庄矿数据进行东西向和垂向的二维形变分解,获取该矿的二维形变时间序列。结果表明:除南留庄井田外,其余三大井田在监测期间均存在不同程度的地面沉陷灾害;整个矿区年沉陷速率超过-10 cm/a的区域达到了2.16 km2;受成像几何影响,不同轨道数据获取的形变结果存在一定差异;西细庄矿以垂向形变为主,伴随明显的东西向水平形变。研究结果为蔚县矿区地面沉陷监测与煤矿安全开采提供数据参考。 相似文献
19.
贵州是我国主要煤炭产地之一, 成本与地方条件的限制使贵州贞丰县山区出现大量的非法小煤窑, 其大多开采一年、半年便废弃煤矿, 调查其地下开采范围对矿区生态修复、土地资源再利用、煤矿越界开采监测等有一定意义。本文利用升、降轨观测共16期3 m空间分辨率的L波段PALSAR-2影像为数据源, 在贵州省贞丰县采用InSAR技术对煤矿采空区开展了短期动态地表沉降监测, 结合研究区地质条件、地下开采条件、开采时间、范围等信息, 计算了该地区煤矿开采沉陷影响角的规律与变形时间滞后关系; 而后利用上述参数及地表变形信息, 在其附近一处废弃煤矿, 对其地下采空范围及开采时间进行反演:(1)研究区煤炭开采走向影响角为83°、上山影响角75°、下山影响角80°, 地表变形时间与地下开采时间差约1个月; (2)计算反演出研究区废弃煤矿地下开采范围为380 m×150 m; (3)在反演煤矿采区, 对比FLAC3D数值模拟计算结果和野外现场调查, 验证了InSAR计算结果基本准确, 验证了此方法对煤矿采区反演的合理性与可靠性。 相似文献
20.
Shaoping Zhou Kan Wu Dawei Zhou Liang Li Yuankun Xu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(6):1847-1856
To study the displacement caused by underground mining, the displacement field in the strata overlying the mine was simulated in nine similar-material models with coal seam dip angles of 0°–80°. Digital close-range photogrammetry was employed to observe the displacement in these models and produce displacement vector diagrams of observation points set on the model surfaces. The movement boundary of the rock mass was extracted and determined. According to the displacement vectors’ direction, the displacement field within the movement boundary was divided into five zones: two zones with displacement vectors pointing towards the goaf center, two zones with vectors pointing towards the coal pillar, and one zone with displacement vectors pointing vertically downward. A symmetry index was defined to analyze the symmetry of the displacement field, and the results show that as the coal seam dip angle increased from 0° to 80°, the displacement field in the strata changed according to the following pattern: symmetric → asymmetric → nearly symmetric, with a transition angle of about 45°. The percentage of the area of the above-defined five zones relative to the displacement field’s total area also changed, showing a regular pattern. This study also revealed that the movement boundary inside the overlaying rock layers is not a straight line, but an S-shaped curve. These findings can enhance our understanding of the internal mechanism of ground subsidence and contribute to more effective prediction of the deformation occurring inside a given rock mass. 相似文献