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1.
Some villages and bridges are located on the ground surface of the working district no. 7 in the Wanglou Coal Mine. If longwall mining is adopted, the maximum deformation of the ground surface will exceed the safety value. Strip mining is employed for the working district no. 7 which is widely used to reduce surface subsidence and the consequent damage of buildings on the ground surface. To ensure the safety of coal pillars and improve the recovery coefficient, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation (FLAC 3D) were adopted to determine the coal pillar and mining widths and to discuss the coal pillar stress distribution and surface subsidence for different mining scenarios. The results revealed that the width of coal pillars should be larger than 162 m, and the optimized mining width varies from 150 to 260 m. As the coal seam is exploited, vertical stress is mainly applied on the coal pillar, inducing stress changes on its ribs. The coefficient of mining-induced stress varies from 2.02 to 2.62 for different mining scenarios. The maximum surface subsidence and horizontal movement increase as the mining width increases. However, when the mining width increases to a certain value, increasing the pillar width cannot significantly decrease the maximum subsidence. To ensure the surface subsidence less than 500 mm, the mining width should not be larger than 200 m. Considering the recovery coefficient and safety of the coal pillar, a pillar width of 165 m is suggested.  相似文献   

2.
A Comprehensive Study on Subsidence Control Using COSFLOW   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Increasingly, mine subsidence is becoming a major issue of community concern. Among the measures of subsidence control, a more effective and economical technology, namely Overburden Grout Injection Technology (OGIT), is recently developed in China and Australia by injecting waste material into the bed separations during longwall mining to achieve subsidence control. The OGIT is proposed for the subsidence control in West Cliff Colliery located at the Southern Coalfield of the Sydney Basin, Australia. The three-dimensional finite element code COSFLOW is applied to investigate in a detail the bed separation developing with longwall mining and the effect of grout injecting into the separations in order to guide the subsidence control design when using the OGIT in West Cliff Colliery longwall mining practice.  相似文献   

3.
Strip mining was the major method to control surface subsidence when mining under buildings in China; however, its coal recovery ratio was only 30 to 50%, resulting in a large amount of coal resource waste due to the retained strip coal pillars. As such, it is of important significance to recover the retained pillars while guarantee the safety of the buildings at surface. In order to address this issue, excavating strip coal pillars using caving zone backfill technology was proposed in this study. The process of this technology was to grouting backfill the original strip caving zones using high-water content material at first, creating a combined backfill body of caved gangue and high-water content material, the backfill body acted as the temporary support. Then the retained pillars were excavated and the newly produced caving zones were backfilled with one interval, which effectively prevented the movement and deformation of the strata. The backfilling system and technology were designed and trailed to excavate the retained pillars at mining area 911 in Bucun colliery. It was found that the backfilling rate reached 96.8 to 98.7% in the original caving zones, the backfilling body in caving zones was highly compacted, and the maximum surface subsidence was only increased to 67 mm with no growth in the failure depth of floor. The retained coal pillars in three of the mining areas were safely excavated and the safety of buildings on the ground was preserved.  相似文献   

4.
浅埋煤层覆岩切落裂缝破坏及控制方法分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
陕北神东矿区厚风积沙松散层、薄基岩条件下浅埋煤层开采引起的地表沉陷,呈非连续切落式裂缝破坏。大量研究表明,这种裂缝损害受覆岩中关键层的控制。因此,研究浅埋煤层关键层的破断规律和失稳条件是解决这种条件下采动损害控制的关键技术。以神东矿区大柳塔1203综采工作面为例,应用理论分析和数值模拟方法研究覆岩中关键结构层稳定条件与采动损害之间的关系,为神东矿区生态环境保护,确定合理、经济的保水控制开采方法提供理论依据。   相似文献   

5.
坚硬顶板薄煤层条带开采技术在杨庄煤矿中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
杨庄煤矿村庄下压煤具有典型的坚硬顶板薄煤层特点，具有控制地面沉降，保护地面设施的有利条件，在矿井地质与水文地质条件较为复杂的情况下，对村庄下压煤选择了条带开采技术，成功地解决了村庄下大量压煤和村庄下不搬迁开采问题，为该村庄下压煤开采积累了经验。  相似文献   

6.
This study presents a numerical investigation on the dynamic mechanical state of a coal pillar and the assessment of the coal bump risk during extraction using the longwall mining method. The present research indicates that there is an intact core, even when the peak pillar strength has been exceeded under uniaxial compression. This central portion of the coal pillar plays a significant role in its loading capacity. In this study, the intact core of the coal pillar is defined as an elastic core. Based on the geological conditions of a typical longwall panel from the Tangshan coal mine in the City of Tangshan, China, a numerical fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC3D) model was created to understand the relationship between the volume of the elastic core in a coal pillar and the vertical stress, which is considered to be an important precursor to the development of a coal bump. The numerical results suggest that, the wider the coal pillar, the greater the volume of the elastic core. Therefore, a coal pillar with large width may form a large elastic core as the panel is mined, and the vertical stress is expected to be greater in magnitude. Because of the high stresses and the associated stored elastic energy, the risk of coal bumps in a coal pillar with large width is greater than for a coal pillar with small width. The results of the model also predict that the peak abutment stress occurs near the intersection between the mining face and the roadways at a distance of 7.5 m from the mining face. It is revealed that the bump-prone zones around the longwall panel are within 7–10 m ahead of the mining face and near the edge of the roadway during panel extraction.  相似文献   

7.
山东省济宁市煤矿矿集区地面沉陷现状遥感调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
山东省济宁地区煤矿资源丰富,但煤矿资源的开采利用造成了严重的地面沉陷。本文旨在调查济宁市煤矿矿集区地面沉陷的现状。在调查过程中主要采用最新获取的GeoEye-1高空间分辨率遥感影像,并结合历史资料分析研究区内地面沉陷造成的危害。通过遥感调查发现研究区内有地面沉陷积水坑47个,积水面积达2828hm2。地面沉陷已造成了20个村庄的搬迁,破坏土地约2667hm2,严重影响了当地人民的生活。本文使用遥感手段开展地面沉陷调查工作,充分反映了研究区地面沉陷灾害的实际情况,也充分体现了遥感技术快速、宏观的特点。  相似文献   

8.
列述了中国在陆地传统矿产资源、海域矿产资源、天然气、煤层气、地热等能源资源方面的相当大的开发潜力。提出了中国矿业可持续发展必须解决的若干岩石力学难题。指出了煤矿开采引发的环境问题:如采煤对土地资源的损害、对村庄的损害、对水资源的影响,以及煤炭开发和利用对大气环境生态平衡的影响。并提出了对矿区环境控制的岩石力学对策,即推行减沉开采技术;矿井水资源的保护和再利用;清洁开采技术。  相似文献   

9.
In China’s western coal mining area, the traditional room mining technology is facing coal pillar instability, mine earthquake, large-area roof subsidence in the goaf, surface subsidence, water and soil loss, vegetation deterioration, and other environmental problems. To solve the aforementioned problems and to improve coal recovery, the roadway backfill coal mining (RBCM) method was proposed as a solution and its technical principle and key equipment were presented in this paper. In addition, the microstructure and mechanical behavior (strain-stress relation in confined compressive test) of aeolian sand and loess backfill materials were studied for a rational backfill design for underground mines. Further, coal pillar stress, plastic zone change, and surface deformation of the RBCM schemes were studied using the FLAC3D numerical simulation software, and a reasonable mining scheme of “mining 7 m and leaving 3 m” was determined. The engineering application in Changxing Coal Mine shows that the RBCM method with loess and aeolian sand as backfill materials allows a stable recovery of coal pillars with a recovery ratio of more than 70 %. The maximum accumulated surface subsidence and the maximum horizontal deformation were measured to be 15 mm and 0.8 mm/m respectively, indicating that the targeted backfilling effect can help protect the environment and also control surface subsidence.  相似文献   

10.
Gallerias are the underground constructed results of mining. As these space in underground layers collapse, horizontal and vertical ground movements occur and movement which may reach the earth’s surface are known as mining subsidence. The result of underground displacement may cause surface ground movement which can be detrimental to masonry buildings especially in hard coal regions. Thorough familiarity with general and regional characteristics of an affected area can assist reduction of the effects. Zonguldak and the nearby settlement area, with a population of 300,000, constitute the centre of a hard coal basin where extensive mining has a history extending through 160 years. Mining constitutes the main economic activity in this region, and consequently influences every aspect of life. This study’s intent is to identify the effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in the mining area of Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey and illustrate them with selected images of damaged masonry buildings. Also included are satellite and mining galleria images.  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of mining subsidence prediction is to produce a reliable assessment of ground movement arising from underground mineral extraction. The results of the prediction are used to assess the likelihood of the associated effects on surface structures. In most countries, the assessment of mining subsidence has become an essential part of mining plans, which must be approved by relevant government bodies and mining regulators. It is therefore important to develop a subsidence prediction method that is suitable for a particular country or mine field. Further to the recent development of a Generalised Influence Function Method (GIFM) for subsidence prediction at RMIT University, a case study in Hunter coalfield of in New South Wales, Australia is presented to illustrate the applicability of the GIFM approach for subsidence prediction in multi-seam longwall mining. A computer program is used to calculate subsidence, horizontal displacement and principle strains arising from the extraction of longwall panels. The observed subsidence across the longwall panels and the corresponding ground movements are compared to the model’s output and the results analysed. A discussion of the discrepancies between the GIFM models and the behaviour of complex geological strata is presented. The GIFM method is found to be a powerful tool when applied to complex extraction configurations and can produce useful output for mining subsidence assessments. Of particular importance is its ability to provide both tensile and compressive strain information over the whole affected areas which would otherwise not have been available for the assessment of damage potential to surface structures.  相似文献   

12.
In underground coal mines, the failure of overlying strata can have disastrous effects where the working face is overlain by thin bedrock covered with thick alluvium. Roof failure under these conditions can cause a massive water and sand inrush. This paper presents a case study for a design to prevent such disasters in the Baodian mine, China. First, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the overlying lithified strata and the alluvium were obtained from field and laboratory studies. Numerical models were then built with different bedrock thicknesses using distinct-element modelling software. The deformation, failure, and subsidence of the overlying strata during simulated coal mining were studied using these computer models. Finally, the results of the model studies were combined with the geological data to design a reasonable layout for the longwall panel to be mined in the Baodian mine. Initial results showed that the alluvium was somewhat impervious and water-poor. The models showed that the first caving and weighting intervals of the roof decreased with decreasing bedrock thickness, and decreasing bedrock thickness also increased maximum subsidence of the alluvium. The maximum height of the caving zone and the minimum height of the sand-prevention coal and rock pillars were 34 m and 46 m, respectively. Knowing this allowed a somewhat shorter (204 m) but safe working face to be designed. This research provides a good background for the design of safe mines under similar conditions.  相似文献   

13.
煤矿开采所产生的地表沉降、开裂、塌陷等地质灾害,造成地表民房不同程度的损坏。为准确分析矿山开采对地表民房的损坏,从矿山开采造成地表沉降影响范围,矿山开采最大冒落高度与导水裂隙带高度,矿山开采引起地表最大水平移动值、最大曲率值、最大倾斜值等因素来研究分析。综合分析认为：引起地表民房损坏的主要原因一是地表民房正处在采动影响范围内;二是开采冒落带与裂隙带高度已经波及至地表,从而引起地表出现沉降与裂缝等现象,引发房屋开裂等损坏现象;三是煤矿采空区所产生的最大曲率值远远大于地表建筑允许变形值。该方法对研究煤矿开采造成地表民房损坏成因分析具有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

14.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

15.
With the increasing demand for coal resources, coal mining has gradually entered into the deep strata of coal seams. Although the increase in mining depth improves energy security, it is associated with severe hazards, especially coal and gas outburst. Protective seam mining is an efficient method for gas control and has been widely used in major coal-producing countries. However, studies on deep ultra-thin protective seam (thickness 0.1–1 m, average thickness 0.5 m) mining and its related problems have been rarely reported. Focusing on the challenges resulting from deep mining (mining depth >1100 m) and the research gap, a coal and gas co-exploitation technique, which combines the gas control technology and green mining (including coal preparation and backfilling), has been proposed in this work. Significant benefits have been achieved in the twelfth coal mine of the Pingdingshan coalfield (study area) following the implementation of this technique. The application of the gas control technology markedly improved the gas drainage efficiency, promoted increased gas utilization, and reduced the greenhouse gas emission, providing notable economic and environmental benefits. In addition, implementation of green mining improved the coal quality, relieved the burden of the transport system, and, in particular, effectively prevented surface subsidence, thus protecting the ecological environment of the mining area, which offered significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. The practice in the twelfth coal mine could be used as a valuable example for coal mines with similar geological conditions.  相似文献   

16.
20a前在抚顺老虎台煤矿512采区进行的我国首例离层注浆减沉试验为探索煤矿可持续开采技术提供了宝贵经验。试验采区地表下沉比预计小的真正原因是采空区密实水砂充填(充满率为70%~85%),覆岩中巨厚绿色页岩层遇水碎胀(碎胀率为185%)和大采深极不充分采动(采动程度系数为0.14)。离层注浆主要起到了使绿色页岩层碎胀的作用,而留在覆岩离层中的粉煤灰量极少(只占煤炭采出体积的3%)难以起到减沉作用。试验结果说明该技术在缓沉方面比减沉更有效。  相似文献   

17.
长壁孤岛工作面冲击失稳能量场演化规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
王宏伟  姜耀东  高仁杰  刘帅 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z1):479-485
煤矿冲击地压一直是困扰中国煤矿安全的主要问题,而煤矿开采过程中跳采形成的孤岛工作面由于容易产生应力集中,来压强度提高,极容易发生冲击地压。基于唐山矿T2193下孤岛工作面的地质条件,从数值分析的角度研究了煤岩体材料的非均匀性,揭示了孤岛工作面顶板周期来压时煤岩体能量释放的动态特征,分析了工作面前方能量释放激增机制。数值模拟结果显示,长壁工作面回采过程中直接顶的不断垮落造成了老顶悬空距离的不断增大,工作面周期来压时,积聚于老顶岩层内的弹性应变能将瞬间释放,容易引发工作面及巷道的冲击失稳。孤岛工作面由于其特有的矿压显现特征,老顶周期破断时所释放的弹性应变能将更加剧烈,冲击地压势必愈加强烈。孤岛工作面顶底板和煤层的能量释放激增可以作为判断煤岩体冲击失稳的前兆信息。孤岛工作面前方发生冲击破坏的主要原因是由于工作面回采过程中围岩所积聚的大量弹性能在顶板断裂时所伴随的巨大能量释放而造成的。  相似文献   

18.
Solid backfill mining for coal pillar recovery in industrial squares has to ensure that the mine infrastructure, such as the shafts and substations, is not degraded or has its utility impaired by that mining. At the same time, it is important to recover as much coal as possible. As a result, it is necessary to predict mining subsidence during solid backfilling mining of coal pillars in industrial squares and to optimize the design of the working faces. At the Baishan coal mine in Anhiu province, China, there are thick layers of unconsolidated overburden above the coal seam so it is not appropriate to use the surface subsidence prediction method of equivalent mining height to predict subsidence during the mining of the coal pillars there. In order to find a reasonable coal pillar recovery scheme for the Baishan mine, a numerical simulation method is used to determine the relationships between the compression ratio of the backfilling material and the surface subsidence prediction parameters. Research was done to determine the appropriate parameters, and based on the final prediction parameters and taking the mandated protection standards for buildings and structures into account, surface subsidence is predicted and a backfill mining scheme for pillar recovery is proposed. The results show that of the six mining schemes considered, scheme 5 is the best scheme for coal pillar recovery in the industrial square at the Baishan mine. The research results are significant for similar mines with thick unconsolidated overburden anywhere in the world.  相似文献   

19.
Mining activities impact the nearby environment, causing the so-called mining hazards. The land subsidence phenomena caused by the dewatering of the mines are listed among the mining-induced catastrophic geohazards slowly affecting extensive areas around the opencasts. These large-scale geo-hazards are related to both hydrogeological and geotechnical factors, and they cause irreversible damages. The research presented aims to clarify all the components of the phenomenon and to establish the proper modelling procedure for the study of its mechanism. The site under investigation is the area extending at the west—northwest of the Amyntaio opencast coal mine at Florina Prefecture, Northern Greece. The overexploitation of the aquifers for the protection of the slopes turned the opencast to a large-diameter well, draining the surrounding area. The extensive land subsidence phenomena extend 3–4 km around the mine causing severe damages in two villages. The established results can be used for monitoring and predicting the impact of the particular mining hazard on the natural and human environment, without precluding further exploitation and mining of the energy resources.  相似文献   

20.
The major environmental consequence of coal mining is anthropogenic land subsidence. In particular, mine subsidence can cause damage to public and private infrastructure such as railroads, roads, pipelines and buildings. What is more, it is an engineering problem which troubles engineering construction and safety. Ground surface deformation is related to the measure of mining and the deformation mechanism of overlying strata above the gob. In this paper, a physical and numerical model on the subsidence of longwall mining within a geotechnical setting is presented. The physical model is developed within the framework of physical similar law and geological model in Henan Province, China. The numerical solution is developed within continuum poromechanics and finite element setting. The law of overlying strata deformation is obtained according to physical model experiment and numerical simulation.  相似文献   

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