共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
He Yingjun Zou Yuping Wang Xiaodong Zheng Zhiguo Zhang Daming Duan Delin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(2):141-148
Eighteen gametophytes includingL. japonica, L. ochotensis andL. longissima, were verified with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Eighteen ten-base primers were chosen from 100 primers
selected for final amplification test. Among the total of 205 bands amplified, 181 (88.3%) were polymorphic. The genetic distance
among different strains ranged from 0.072 to 0.391. The dendrogram constructed by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic
(UPGMA) method showed that the female and male gametophytes of the same cell lines could be grouped in pairs respectively.
It indicated that RAPD analysis could be used not only to distinguish different strains ofLaminaria, but also to distinguish male and female gametophyte within the same cell lines. There is ambiguous systematic relationship
if judged merely by the present data. It seems that the use of RAPD marker is limited to elucidation of the phylogenetic relationship
among the species ofLaminaria.
Contribution No. 4389 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This research was supported by the State's High-tech Project of China, Marine 863 project (No. 819-03-02) and (2001AA621090). 相似文献
2.
The light demands of seaweeds is an interesting and rather complex phenomenon because they depend not only on the species
but also on their different development stages. Even different parts of the same plant sometimes have different light demands.
Light control is an important procedure at large scaleLaminaria nursery stations in China. Technicians and scientists have different viewpoints on the best method to regulate light. A culture
study onLaminaria japonica starting from zoospores to several centimeter sporophytes to find the optimal and critical irradiance ranges for juvenileLaminaria at different development stages added more knowledge on this aspect. Experiment results show gametophytes can not tolerate
irradiance of more than 150 μE m−2s−1 while sporophytes can tolerate more than 519 μE m−2s−1. This big difference starts from the very early stage of 1-to 2-celled sporophytes. The biological basis and mechanism of
this phenomenon need further research.
Contribution No. 1515 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
Contribution No. 1 from the Experimental Marine Biological Laboratory 相似文献
3.
Unicellular gametophytes ofUndaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Sur. were isolated in Qingdao, P. R. China in April 1993 and in Tokushima, southern Japan in March 1995. Different
intraspecific crossings by using unicellular male and female gametophytes were successfully undertaken in Sept. of 1995 in
Qingdao. Sporophytes were transplanted to two different locations for open sea cultivation. One was at Zhanqiao (ZQ) Bay where
the water current was slower than that of another location—Taipingjiao(TPJ). A total of 218 adult sporophytes were harvested
on January 12 and 18 from TPJ and ZQ respectively. For eacn combination, 10 sporophytes were cultivated. Analysis of the morphological
characteristics of adult sporophytes indicated that the longest length between two bases of the serration of pinnate blades
(W2) is a morphological characteristic that can be transferred from the parent plant to the next generations regardless of
environmental variations. There was evidence that W2 was apparently determined by sex-linked factors, i.e., by male parental
gametophyte. Sporophytes from certain crossing combinations showed more vigorous growth than those from other crossing combinations.
It is therefore possible to select gametophyte strains which can be used as parental gametophytes for the seedling production
of sporophytes with more vigorous growth within shorter cultivation period. The morphology of hybrids from a Qingdao strain
and a Tokushima cultivated strain resembled that of both parental plants in frond features (wrinkled or smooth) and W2. Sporophyll
formation also varied with strains. The fact that adult sporophytes resulting from the same crossing combinations have identical
morphological characteristics under the same environmental conditions indicates the possibility of a new way to select strains
which are expected to be ideal for commerical production by purposely selecting, propagating, and seeding unicellular gametophytes
for sporeling production through freeliving techniques of gametophytes.
Project 39400102 supported by NSFC, also supported by National Climbing Plan B (PD-B642); and Bioengineering Center, SSTC. 相似文献
4.
The rates of photosynthesis and respiration ofPorphyra, Laminaria andUndaria were determined with an oxygenmeter at different temperatures in an enclosed continuous-flow system. The temperature coefficients
of respiration and the net primary productivities for the three species were calculated. The spectacular rates of primary
production were found to be as high as 270 g C m−2 forP. yezoensis, 2200 g C m−2 forL. japonica and 160 g C m−2 forU. pinnatifida annually. The low respiratory rates of these three species as well as low light compensation points especially at low temperatures
are considered as a reason to save heat energy, resulting in a high productivity, especially in case ofLaminaria.
Contribution No. 945 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.
The paper was presented at the International Phycological Society Meeting, 19–22 Aug. 1980, Glasgow, UK. 相似文献
5.
When cultured under certain environmental conditions (25°C, light intensity 80 μmol/m2·s, LD 12/12, in enriched seawater medium with 7×10−4 mol/L NO3−N, 1.56×10−4 mol/L, PO4−P and supplements of other elements like Mn, Fe, I, etc.), male and female gametophytes ofU. pinnatifida kept growing vegetatively and propagated fast at average daily fresh weight increase rate of about 20%. The empirical formulaG
m=G
o·3m was established to estimate the output of vegetative gametophytes. Vigorous vegetative gametophyte cells began to form reproductive
structures (oogonium and spermatangium, when the temperature was lower than 25°C and other environmental factors were kept
optimal. The sufficient supply of gametophyte cells provided enough seeds for raisingUndaria sporelings on production scale. Controlled cross-breeding experiments using selected male and female gametophyte clones which
increase their cell number by mitosis instead of meiosis were also carried out in vitro. Juvenile sporophytes from the cross-breeding
had almost the same length and width increase rates as those of the control. The fact that vegetative gametophytes can be
purposely selected, propagated quickly, cross-bred, with the resulting sporophytes having almost the same characteristics
leads to a new way to select desiredUndaria strains for long time use without losing the desired economic characteristics.
Contribution No. 2696 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
6.
Costaria costata (C. Agardh) Saunders is one of common kelps distributed in many coastal areas worldwide; however, in China, no reports have
been made on cultivation of the genus. To investigate potential cultivation of the species in the northern part of China,
trials on isolation and preservation of the gametophytes were conducted using C. costata from Korea; growth and development of the gametophytes were observed. We showed that at 10±1°C, 60 μmol m−2s−1 and 12:12 h (L:D), freshly released zoospores settled down within 1 hour, and then developed into the primary cell during
the following 2 days. After a vegetative growth phase lasting 6–8 days, female gametophytes became 3–4 times larger in diameter
than that of the primary cell, but still remained at a unicellular stage, while male gametophytes divided into 4–10 cells
with only a slight change in size. Fertilization occurred within 10 days after the zoospores were released from the sporangia,
and the apical and basal tissues of the juvenile sporophyte divided and differentiated into the blade and stipe. Temperature
and irradiance influenced gametophytic vegetative growth and developmental patterns. Generally, low irradiance (15 μmol m−2s−1 and 30 μmol m−2s−1) was unfavorable to the induction of fertility, but it enhanced female gametophyte division. The optimal conditions for vegetative
growth were 15°C and 30 μmol m−2s−1. After transplantation of the juvenile seedlings and after eight months cultivation, the harvested mature blade reached 194
cm in length and 32.7 cm in width. Our study proves that it is feasible to implement propagation and large scale cultivation
of C. costata in northern China. 相似文献
7.
We collected centric diatomStephanopyxis palmeriana samples in coastal waters of Xiamen for characteristic red light/far red light (R/FR) phytochrome reactions to identify its
photoreceptor in the course of sexual reproduction. The result showed that pre-illumination of 2–3h red light before darkness
could induce sexualization ofS. palmeriana, while the follow-up illumination of far red light could reverse the effect of red light, which is a featured reaction of
phytochrome. The Southern Dot Blot was carried out to identify the type of phytochrome that induces the sexualization. The
result also showed high homogeneity of DNA fragment ofS. palmeriana with phyB, but phyA. This means the photoreceptor in the process of sexual reproduction ofS. palmeriana is phytochrome B (phyB).
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39670076) 相似文献
8.
Simulation and analysis on seasonal variability of average salinityin the Yellow Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) data collected by six China-Korea joint cruises during 1996-1998 and the climatological data suggest that the seasonal variability of average salinity in the Yellow Sea (Sa) presents a general sinusoid pattern. To study the mechanism of the variability, annual cycles of Sa were simulated and a theoretical analysis based on the governing equations was reported.Three main factors are responsible for the variability: the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the Changji-ang (Yangtze) River diluted water (YRDW) and the evaporation minus precipitation (E-P). From December to the next May, the variability of Sa is mainly controlled by the salt transportation of the YSWC. But in early July, the YSWC is overtaken and replaced by the YRDW which then becomes the most important controller in summer. From late September to November, the E-P gradually took the lead. The mass exchange north of the 37癗 line is not significant. 相似文献
9.
Serum immunoglobulin of the mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi with development of polyclonal antibody
Serum immunoglobulin from the mandarin fish, or the so-called Chinese perch,Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky), was successfully purified using affinity chromatography. Heavy and light chains were detected on electrophoresis
gel, with molecular weights being estimated at 72 and 29 kDa, respectively. The tetrameric IgM ofS. chuatsi was calculated to be 808 kDa. The rabbit polyclonal antisera against the purifed immunoglobulin were developed and tested
by Western blot analysis. The antisera reacted strongly with the heavy chains ofS. chuatsi immunoglobulin. Humoral immune responses of the mandarin fish can then be examined using the developed polyclonal antibody.
Project No. 30025035 supported by NSFC, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (2000FB02), and the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (KZ9511-B1-111). 相似文献
10.
Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature.
During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was
required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs
were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could
for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from
30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population.
However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature
crabs (over 50%) from November to May. 相似文献
11.
A genetic transformation model for the seaweedLaminaria japonica mainly includes the following aspects:
-
1.
The method to introduce foreign genes into the kelp,L. japonica
Biolistic bombardment has been proved to be an effective method to bombard foreign DNA through cell walls into intact cells of both sporophytes and gametophytes. The expression ofcat andlacZ was detected in regenerated sporophytes, which suggests that this method could induce random integration of foreign genes.
Promoters to drive gene expression
-
2.
The CaMV35S promoter was first used by us to induce the expression of GUS gene in brown algae. But results of further studies suggested that CaMV35S could be a tissue-specific promoter. Our use of SV40 promoter resulted in both transient and stable expression oflacZ andcat in sporophytes or gametophytes. No GUS or LacZ background was found in either sporophytes or gametophytes.The regeneration route of transgenic kelp
The regeneration efficiency of explants is still very low. By using female gametophytes as gene hosts and parthenogenesis as regeneration route, CAT activity and LacZ activity were detected in regenerated sporophytes of parthenogenetic kelp. li]4.|The way to select transgenic kelp
-
1.
Results of sensitivity tests showed that kelp was only sensitive to chloramphenicol and hygromycin among many antibiotics. The regenerated sporophytes by parthenogenesis were more sensitive to hygromycin than to chloramphenicol. Resistant kelp was created by transforming female gametophytes with pSV40-CAT and stimulating parthenogenesis followed by selection in medium with lethal concentration of chloramphenicol.
Safety consideration of transgenic kelp
L. japonica was originally introduced from Japan. In China it is a cultured population. The possibility of its negative impact on natural populations is very low. 2) The vectors and target genes used for transformation should be restricted in order to avoid any negative impacts on human health and environment. 3) Specially devised containers (3.6 L, made of 200 μm membrane) were used to ensure that the kelp cannot escape or be eaten by marine animals. 4) To avoid the release of spores, it is very necessary to harvest the kelp at suitable age before the sporangium forms.
12.
The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope.Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated “zoospores” and the changes of the zoospores are described in this paper. Together with the fmdings of field samplings and the previous results by other researchers, the process of meiosis in N. scintillans was supposed to be a pathway to reduce the extra high density of NH3-N within the cell in order to ensure normal population growth. 相似文献
13.
Seasonal variation in abundance, diel vertical migration and body size of pelagic tunicate Salpa fusiformis in the Southern Yellow Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mass occurrence of Salpa fusiformis was observed in the Southern Yellow Sea in May and June 2007. In order to investigate its population recruitment and environmental adaptation, temporal variation of abundance, diel vertical migration (DVM) and length frequency distribution of both aggregate and solitary forms were studied with samples collected from eight months during September 2006 to August 2007. S. fusiformis presented in six months other than September and October 2006, and average abundance of aggregate and solitary forms peaked in June and May, respectively. In December, aggregate forms were absent in the bottom layer and performed irregular DVM from surface to 50 m depth, while solitary forms was too scarce to perform diel vertical distribution analysis. Both aggregate and solitary forms presented reverse DVM in May and June. They migrated upwards during daytime and concentrated in surface layer at sunset. The bimodal distribution of aggregate forms was found in April and the average size was largest in this month. In other months, the smaller aggregate forms (1-5 mm) dominated in populations except for May, when the modal size ranged from 2 to 8 mm. The average size of solitary forms was largest in December, followed by April. The skewed nomal distribution of solitary forms was found in May and June, with the modal size of 2-7 mm and 5-13 mm, respectively. 相似文献
14.
A component (s-factor) with obvious promoting effect on hydrogen evolution of hydrogenase has been isolated and extracted
from a cell-free preparation ofSpirulina platensis. The effect of the s-factor in the reaction system is similar to that of Na2S2O4, but is coupled with light. The s-factor has the maximum absorption peak at 620 nm in the oxidized state, at 590 nm in the
reduced state. The partially purified s-factor showed two bands by SDS-PAGE and is distinctly different from phycocyanin,
which has no change of oxidized state and reduced state absorption spectra, and also has no promoting effect on hydrogenase
ofSpirulina platensis under the light.
The research supported by the NSFC. 相似文献
15.
The rate of evaporation of seawater droplets in the air-sea boundary layer can be estimated by its salinity change compared
to the sea surface salinity. A micro-chemical method based on Farlow (1954) is developed for quantitative determination of
the salinity of an individual droplet without the error due to further evaporation after sampling. A halide ion-sensitive
sampling surface is prepared by colloidally dispersing brown silver dichromate into the gelatin layer of a commercially available
film. The reaction of soluble chlorides with the silver salt leaves a clear white halo with diametera on the brown film to reveal the volume of the droplet. After the film is developed in a water vapor saturated atmosphere,
the halo grows to diameterd with the original as the embryo to indicate the quantity of chloride ion involved in the action. The ratio ofd/(a1.5) is a function of the salinity of the droplet. The method can be used to determine the salinity of seawater droplet of 10−6 to 10−10 gram. Details of the principle and preparation, and calibration of the reagent film, are presented.
Contribution No. 1708 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. The research was supported by the Chinese National
Natural Science Foundation.
The paper was prepared while the author was a visiting scholar at the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, AK-40, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA (from May to July, 1989), and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, A-030, University
of California, La Jolla, California 92093, USA (from September, 1989 to February, 1990). 相似文献
16.
Abundance and production ofBranchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) in two typical shallow lakes (Hubei, China) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An April 1996 to March 1997 comparative study on the abundance and secondary production ofBranchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 in two typical shallow lakes showed that in Houhu, an algae-dominated lake, the worm density (68 ind·m−2) peaked in July, biomass (1.930 g·m−2) peaked in June, while in Biandantang, a macrophyte-dominated lake, standing stock (density: 60 ind·m−2; biomass: 1.019 g·m−2 in wet weight) peaked in December. Secondary production of the animal in Houhu Lake was 3.413 g wet wt m−2 a−1, a little more than that (2.675 g wet wt m−2 a−1) in Biandantang Lake. Their turnover rates (P/B ratios) were 4.0 and 5.0, respectively.
Project (39600019 and 39430101) supported by NSFC. 相似文献
17.
This study on the effects of ultrasonic treatment on female gametophytes ofLaminaria japonica showed that:
-
1.
Ultrasonic treatment had shortening effect on filaments of female gametophytes. Within certain period of time, the average length of filamentous female gametophytes was shortened.
-
2.
Ultrasonic treatment had emptying effect on cells. The number of empty cells increased with time of treatment. Ultrasonic treatment had harmful effect on cells.
-
3.
Ultrasonic treatment could break down cell walls. The combination of frequency of 20 kHz, output of 15 W, 40 s and 60 s of treatment was best for this purpose. After ultrasonic treatment, the regeneration of female gametophytes into sporophytes was effected. Female ganetophytes could not recover after too long period of treatment.
18.
丽江地区旅游气候资源研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对能代表丽江地区的丽江古城，云杉坪，石鼓3站的气候及其变化进行了分析，并计算和分析了3站逐月的舒适指数，得出：丽江古城近期气温升高，降水减少，丽江最适宜旅游的季节是5－8月，石鼓是4，5月和9，10月，云杉坪是7月。 相似文献
19.
In order to reveal transpiration rates of wetland plants and its relationships to micro- meterological factors in a mountain valley wetland, relative humidity, air temperature, leaf temperature, soil temperature, photo flux density and transpiration rates were measured once two hours in a Carex meyeriana wetland of the Changbai Mountain valley in dry （July） and wet （September） of 2003, respectively. Results showed that the tendency of ＂decreasing after increasing＂ was obvious in wet season. However, a relatively stable trend was observed for the transpiration in dry season.. Generally, the photon flux density of Carex meyeriana was higher in wet season than that in dry season. However, the variabilities of leaf temperature, air temperature and relative humidity were similar in both seasons. Higher transpiration rates of Carex meyeriana leaves were observed in July （varied from 40 to 150 mol.m^-2.s^-1） compared to those （varied from 7 to 14 mol.m^-2.s^-1） in September. Transpiration rates were significantly correlated with air temperature （P〈0.01）, leaf temperature （P〈0.01）, and wind speed （P〈0.05）, but correlationship between relative humidity and photo flux density was not significant （P〈0.05）. 相似文献
20.
Based on DNA extraction and optimization of random amplified reaction (RAPD) to the gametophytes and sporophytes of Kelp “901”
strain, genetic study on variation was conducted to its parents and offsprings of F6, F7, F8, and F9 generation. RAPD results have shown that among 30 selected primers for gametophytes, 297 loci ranging from 200 to 3 000 bp
were obtained in the average of 9.9 loci for each primer. This indicated a high polymorphic rate with RAPD detection. UPGMA
(unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that each male and female gametophyte of a generation could
be clustered into one pair separately. The genetic distances of the Kelp 901 generation were 0.3212–0.4767, and the maximum
was between F7 and F8 (0.4767). Identity analysis showed that F6 generation was more close to the female parent (0.6593), and F7 generation was more close to the male parent (0.578 8). To the sporophytes study in 24 selected primers for RAPD amplification,
191 loci ranging from 230–2800 bp were obtained, in the average to each primer of 8.0 loci. The heterozygosity to six populations
were male parent (0.2239), female parent (0.1072), F6 (0.2164), F7(0.2286), F8(0.2296) and F9(0.3172). The nearest genetic distance was 0.083 5(F8, F9). Total heterozygosity (HT) of F6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.3186, the average heterozygosity (HS) for F6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.2480, and deduced coefficient of population differentiation (Gst) was 22.2%. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were preliminary screened through RAPD analysis. It needed
to be verified in detail as they are significant for molecular marker assistance in breeding and selectingLaminaria.
Financially supported by 863 program of China (No.2001AA621090) 相似文献