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提出一种简便快速、直接测定海水中锌、镉、铅、铜的微分电位溶出分析方法,海水适宜酸度为(3.0—4.5)×10~(-3)mol/LHNO_3,适宜盐度1.6—31。电解(富集)时间600s时,检出限为0.02μg/L Zn~(2+),0.02μg/L Cu~(2+),0.01μg/L Cd~(2+),0.006μg/L Pb~(2+)。在青岛近岸海水中加1.0μg/L Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+)和0.5μg/L Cd~(2+),测定的相对标准偏差分别为2.9％,3.1％,5.8％和5.1％。应用于近岸海水及中国标准海水中锌、镉、铅、铜的测定,结果满意。 相似文献
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于2002年9月在汕头湾采集了13个表层沉积物样品,测定了它们的细粒级组分、总有机质、铝、铁、锰、铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、镍、钴的含量,对其分布特征及其彼此之间相关性进行了分析,并以南海陆架区重金属含量为背景值计算了汕头湾表层沉积物重金属元素的富集系数,结果表明,铁、锰、铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、镍、钴的含量范围分别为2.91%~3.94%,427.85~810.96,24.43~79.49,84.83~248.50,35.56~50.25,0.30~1.75,36.11~74.22,16.99~31.69,8.22~10.87 mg/kg,其分布由汕头湾上游的榕江口至湾口呈波浪状递减(锰除外)。汕头湾表层沉积物中各重金属的富集系数均大于1,其中富集系数从大到小的重金属元素是铜、镉、铅、锌、镍、铬和锰。人为排污、水动力作用、黏土含量、盐度是多数重金属元素分布特征的控制因素。锰的分布特征更多地取决于汕头湾水域的氧化还原条件。 相似文献
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本文介绍了海洋调查监测用痕量金属铜、铅、镉、铬、锌混合标准溶液的配制、均匀性和稳定性检验以及各元素的定值方法。该标准溶液稳定期一年以上,贮存期内各元素的保证值为Cu100±3μg/L;Pb30±2μg/L;Cd10.0±0.5μg/L;Cr30±2μg/L;Zn800±24μg/L。文中还介绍了供作稀释剂用的基体海水的制备情况。 相似文献
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一、前言 据文献〔1—4〕报导,海洋鱼贝类中铅、镉的含量一般分别在0.04一7μg/g、0.01—21μg/g(均为干重)范围之间,并且大部分样品中的镉都高于铅。虽然铅、铜、镉在弱碱性测试介质——柠檬酸三铵-乙二胺中也能测定,但由于引入的试剂空白较高,对测定样品中低含量的铅有影响,同时考虑到铅、镉的含量比较接近(铜含量0.1—500μg/g,干重),所以,本 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,(Z1)
本文分析了山东半岛南部近海海域2006年8月、12月和2007年4月、10月的表层海水中溶解态重金属镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)4种元素的分布。镉的浓度为0.03~0.50μg/L,四季浓度差别较小;汞、砷在夏季的浓度均较低;铅在夏冬季的浓度较高(2.2~5.0μg/L)。镉、铅、砷的含量达到一类水质标准,汞的含量略高于一类水质标准,这说明山东半岛南部近海海域水质良好,没有明显的重金属污染。各元素的空间分布主要受陆源输入影响,其次还受生物活动、水体中悬浮物含量的影响。 相似文献
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ICP-AES测定海洋生物体中13种元素的微波消解条件优化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
报道了微波密闭消解正交试验条件优化电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES),同时测定8种海洋生物体中硒、铁、锰、锌、钙、镁、锶、砷、镉、铬、铜、铅和镍等13种元素含量的实验结果。优化后的样品消解条件为加入的HNO3V:H O2 2V=6.0 mL:1.0 mL,第二步程序升温温度为170℃,消解时间20 min;测定标准曲线相关系数大于0.999,相对标准偏差为0.30%~2.55%,加标回收率为92.0%~104.8%,方法检出限为0.0010~0.0468μg/g。结果表明,优化后方法测定操作简便、具有高的灵敏度、准确度和精密度,且能多元素同时测定,适合于海洋生物样品中这些元素含量的准确测定,并可为评估海产品食用安全提供科学依据。 相似文献
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笔者于2012年8月对乐清湾表层沉积物进行了采集,并测定了其中各重金属(汞、砷、铅、镉、铜、铬和锌)元素的含量。采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属污染情况进行了评价,结果表明:7种重金属元素的地累积污染指数由大到小依次排列为:铜、锌、汞、镉、砷、铅、铬,乐清湾海域基本上所有站位均处于"无-中"的污染水平;同时该海域沉积物重金属污染总体潜在生态风险程度低,各重金属元素潜在生态风险程度由高到低依次排列为:镉、砷、铜、汞、铅、锌、铬,其中镉为该海域主要潜在生态风险因子。 相似文献
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准确测定海洋沉积物中重金属元素的含量,对于健康海洋的监测、维护和治理具有重要的指导意义。本文报道了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定海洋沉积物中铜、锌、铅和镉四种元素微波密闭消解条件的正交试验优化结果。运用正交试验法,选取L16(45)正交表,按五因素四水平安排试验,研究不同酸体系和配比下,以及不同微波消解条件下沉积物样品的消解效果。经极差分析及方差分析后,得到海洋沉积物样品在称样量为0.05 g左右(精确到±0.000 1 g)情况下,最佳消解条件为HNO3(体积分数69%)用量6.0 mL、H_2O_2(体积分数30%)用量3.0 mL、HF(体积分数49%)用量3.0 mL、第三步程序消解温度190℃、保温时间15min。结果表明,正交优化后的方法准确度高,对三种有证海洋沉积物标准物质的测试均在标准值范围内;回收率好,各元素回收率在91.52%～107.55%之间;精密度高,重复性好,重复性的相对标准偏差为1.29%～8.21%;方法检出限低,各元素方法定量下限为0.005～0.057μg/g。该方法准确可靠,满足海洋沉积物样品中铜、锌、铅和镉等元素含量准确测定的测试需求。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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以苯酚和4—溴苯甲酸为原料,合成一种尚未见文献记载的新化合物——4—溴苯甲酸—2,3,4,5,6—五溴苯酯,用无水三氯化铝催化苯酚的全溴化。此产物可望在阻燃剂方面得到应用。 相似文献