共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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大地电磁场偏移成像方法的改进与应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文在对电磁场成像技术进行系统研究和总结的基础上,分析综述了大地电磁场成像技术的研究现状与存在问题,进而提出了改进的有限差分法大地电磁场偏移成像技术,使差分方程精度和成像分辨率得到了提高,并对客观选取背景电导率、两种极化模式联合成像以及多参数和再次成像进行了创新研究,最后利用模型试验和实际大地电磁场资料的实例展示了该方法偏移成像的成果及其实用性. 相似文献
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淮北某煤矿采区三维地震勘探地质条件极为复杂,区内褶皱、断层构造发育,常规叠后时间偏移处理很难准确成像,给后期资料解释工作带来不利影响.针对这一问题,采用叠前时间偏移技术,结合煤田地震勘探特点,对影响叠前偏移处理质量的关键步骤（预处理、静校正、叠前去噪、时间域速度模型建立）进行了研究,取得了显著效果.利用叠前偏移数据体解释,最终圆满完成了地质任务.本文通过应用实例,说明了煤田地震勘探资料处理利用叠前时间偏移技术对复杂构造成像效果较好,信噪比提高,断点解释更可靠. 相似文献
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西部地区地表起伏剧烈,往往伴随着地下构造复杂,给地震偏移处理工作带来了极大的困难,导致后续的解释结果与实际构造存在一定的差异.因此,复杂地区的地震资料成像问题显得尤为重要.文章通过对复杂地表模型的正演模拟以及山区实际地震资料的应用两方面的分析,获得了适合复杂地表的成像方法.结果表明:针对复杂地区,叠加技术成像比偏移技术成像更能真实地反映地下构造形态,是一种提高复杂地区构造成像精度的有效方法;同时,将叠加剖面和偏移剖面两者有机结合,对复杂地表资料进行解释分析,更能体现地下构造的真实形态,为煤矿工作的安全开采提供了有利依据. 相似文献
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复杂断块油藏是一种常见的陆相沉积油藏,在我国陆上和近海多有分布.涠A油田作为近海复杂断块油气藏,其显著特点是断层复杂、储层非均质性强、储层分布及连通性复杂,致使地震成像不清,给后续的油藏和开发带来极大的困难.针对上述问题,从地震资料成像处理技术和解释性成像处理技术方面展开研究和攻关,在成像方面,提出了叠前成像处理及目标成像处理的理念和思路,并在此基础上,发展了叠前各向异性深度偏移、优势道叠加、面元中心化偏移、叠后分频成像、扩散滤波和方向金字塔滤波等一系列技术和方法,取得了很好的效果.在断层解释中,建立了以下的断层解释方法及解释流程:在扩散滤波数据体上进行相干、倾角、方位角检测,沿着相干方向进行方向金字塔处理,从断层的平面解释出发指导断层的剖面识别,从而提高小断层的识别能力.形成了一套复杂断块油田地震成像关键技术,对油田下一步的开发部署调整具有重要的指导意义,对其它类似油田的生产开发也具有重要的参考作用. 相似文献
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井间地震角道集是地震资料偏移成像和地震资料解释的重要资料,在井间地震成像速度建模中有重要用途.针对井间地震观测系统的特殊性,研究了井间地震角道集提取方法.考虑到井间地震记录中包含上行反射波和下行反射波,从逆时偏移方程出发,推导了井间地震观测系统下的局部偏移距成像点道集提取公式,进而给出了角度计算公式和角道集提取流程.基于模型数据测试在速度正确时得到了拉平的共成像点道集,测试了速度误差对井间共成像点道集的影响,实际资料试处理也得到了较好的效果,表明本方法是合理可行的,为后续的速度分析等地震数据处理与解释工作奠定了基础. 相似文献
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Depth migration consists of two different steps: wavefield extrapolation and imaging. The wave propagation is firmly founded on a mathematical frame-work, and is simulated by solving different types of wave equations, dependent on the physical model under investigation. In contrast, the imaging part of migration is usually based on ad hoc‘principles’, rather than on a physical model with an associated mathematical expression. The imaging is usually performed using the U/D concept of Claerbout (1971), which states that reflectors exist at points in the subsurface where the first arrival of the downgoing wave is time-coincident with the upgoing wave. Inversion can, as with migration, be divided into the two steps of wavefield extrapolation and imaging. In contrast to the imaging principle in migration, imaging in inversion follows from the mathematical formulation of the problem. The image with respect to the bulk modulus (or velocity) perturbations is proportional to the correlation between the time derivatives of a forward-propagated field and a backward-propagated residual field (Lailly 1984; Tarantola 1984). We assume a physical model in which the wave propagation is governed by the 2D acoustic wave equation. The wave equation is solved numerically using an efficient finite-difference scheme, making simulations in realistically sized models feasible. The two imaging concepts of migration and inversion are tested and compared in depth imaging from a synthetic offset vertical seismic profile section. In order to test the velocity sensitivity of the algorithms, two erroneous input velocity models are tested. We find that the algorithm founded on inverse theory is less sensitive to velocity errors than depth migration using the more ad hoc U/D imaging principle. 相似文献
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Modelling and straight‐ray tomographic imaging studies of cross‐hole radio‐frequency electromagnetic data for mineral exploration 
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下载免费PDF全文 Radio‐frequency electromagnetic tomography (or radio imaging method) employs radio‐frequency (typically 0.1–10 MHz) electromagnetic wave propagation to delineate the distribution of electric properties between two boreholes. Currently, the straight‐ray imaging method is the primary imaging method for the radio imaging method data acquired for mineral exploration. We carried out synthetic studies using three‐dimensional finite‐element modelling implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to study the electromagnetic field characteristics and to assess the capability of the straight‐ray imaging method using amplitude and phase data separately. We studied four sets of experiments with models of interest in the mining setting. In the first two experiments, we studied models with perfect conductors in homogeneous backgrounds, which show that the characteristics of the electromagnetic fields depend mainly on the wavelength. When the borehole separations are less than one wavelength, induction effects occur; conductors with simple geometries can be recovered acceptably with amplitude data but are incorrectly imaged on the phase tomogram. When the borehole separations are longer than two wavelengths, radiation effects play a major role. In this case, phase tomography provides images with acceptable quality, whereas amplitude tomography does not provide satisfactory results. The third experiment shows that imaging with both original and reciprocal datasets is somewhat helpful in improving the imaging quality by reducing the impact of noise. In the last experiment, we studied models with conductive zones extended into the borehole plane with different lengths, which were not accurately recovered with amplitude tomography. The experiment implies that it is difficult to determine the extent of a mineralised zone that has been intersected by one of the boreholes. Due to the large variation of the wavelength in the radio‐frequency range, we suggest investigating the local electric properties to select an operating frequency prior to a survey. We conclude that straight‐ray tomography with either amplitude or phase data cannot provide high‐quality imaging results. We suggest using more general methods based on full electromagnetic modelling to interpret the data. In circumstances when computational time is critical, we suggest saving time by using either induction methods for borehole separations less than one wavelength or wave‐based methods (only radiation fields are considered) for borehole separation larger than two wavelengths. 相似文献
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密度和压缩系数的散射层析成像法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文在速度成像的基础上研究了同时对密度和压缩系数成像的散射波层析成像法.对不同散射角度的计算可以得到一系列反演图像,拟合这些图像,从而可以有效地达到对密度和压缩系数（或速度）成像的目的.与单纯的速度成像相比,增加了反演的难度.首先是对资料的方位性要求增加;其次是对资料的利用率下降.即便如此,从对较少量的炮点和检波点资料的数值计算来看,仍取得了满意的成像结果.我们对组成字母“A”的散射体结构进行了成像计算,结果能够同时再现密度和压缩系数,成像清晰,表明了方法的可行性,并能应用于复杂结构的成像问题. 相似文献
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Electrical imaging provides important subsurface information for the construction of hypervelocity impact models. We here provide an overview and evaluation of the current electrical imaging methods used in impact cratering studies. Although apparent resistivity models are commonly used in the geoelectrical imaging of impact structures, the reliability of these models has not hitherto been determined. In order to assess these imaging approaches in impact cratering, we investigate for the first time the discrepancies between the apparent resistivity and true resistivity models of an impact structure. To this end, we present (1) a new true resistivity model of the Araguainha impact structure in central Brazil by applying L2-norm inversion to previously published data, (2) apparent resistivity model of the impact structure, and (3) models obtained from different stages of the iterative tomographic inversions. Our results show that changes in vertical resistivity gradient are significantly better defined in the true resistivity models than in the apparent resistivity model. On the basis of these results, we outline a new approach that true resistivity models can be effectively assessed by applying both L1- and L2-norm inversion schemes together with the monitoring of intermediate models from iterative inversion. The results of our study highlight the importance of tomographic inversion of resistivity data in impact cratering studies, and they provide a data modeling framework and foundation for cost-effective subsurface imaging of impact structures in the future. 相似文献
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深部矿井地震散射波成像数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Conventional seismic exploration, mostly based on reflection theory, hardly has accurate imaging results for disaster geologic
bodies which have small scale, steep dip, or complex structure. In this paper, we design two typical geologic models for analyzing
the characteristics of scattered waves in mines for forward modeling by finite difference and apply the equivalent offset
migration (EOM) and EOM-based interference stack migration methods to mine prospecting. We focus on the analysis of scatted
imaging’s technological superiority to reflection imaging. Research shows: 1) scattered imaging can improve fold and make
the best of weak scattered information, so it shows better results than post-stack migration imaging and 2) it can utilize
the diffraction stack migration method-based ray path theory for mine seismic advanced prediction, so it provides an new efficient
imaging method for improving resolution of mine seismic exploration. 相似文献
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Elastic reverse-time migration (RTM) can reflect the underground elastic information more comprehensively than single-component Pwave migration. One of the most important requirements of elastic RTM is to solve wave equations. The imaging accuracy and efficiency of RTM depends heavily on the algorithms used for solving wave equations. In this paper, we propose an efficient staggered-grid finite-difference (SFD) scheme based on a sampling approximation method with adaptive variable difference operator lengths to implement elastic prestack RTM. Numerical dispersion analysis and wavefield extrapolation results show that the sampling approximation SFD scheme has greater accuracy than the conventional Taylor-series expansion SFD scheme. We also test the elastic RTM algorithm on theoretical models and a field data set, respectively. Experiments presented demonstrate that elastic RTM using the proposed SFD scheme can generate better images than that using the Taylor-series expansion SFD scheme, particularly for PS images. FurH. thermore, the application of adaptive variable difference operator lengths can effectively improve the computational efficiency of elastic RTM. 相似文献
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The development of crosshole seismic tomography as an imaging method for the subsurface has been hampered by the scarcity of real data. For boreholes in excess of a few hundred metres depth, crosshole seismic data acquisition is still a poorly developed and expensive technology. A partial solution to this relative lack of data has been achieved by the use of an ultrasonic seismic modelling system. Such ultrasonic data, obtained in the laboratory from physical models, provide a useful test of crosshole imaging software. In particular, ultrasonic data have been used to test the efficacy of a convolutional back-projection algorithm, designed for crosshole imaging. The algorithm is described and shown to be less susceptible to noise contamination than a Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) algorithm, and much more computationally efficient. 相似文献