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建设专家为主、专群结合的地震监测预报体系是当前防震减灾的重点工作之一。通过回顾浙江省“九五”期间建设地震监测系统的实践，认为在当前科技水平和管理体制下，专群结合是建设好现代化地震监测预报系统的重要保证。省局必须正确处理好省级以下地震部门工作中的几个问题，发挥专业队伍在监测预报体系中的主导作用，才能做好新时期的地震监测预报工作。 相似文献
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0 引言
做好防震减灾工作，是实践“三个代表”重要思想的具体体现，是树立和落实科学发展观的必然要求，是全面建设小康社会的重要保证，是切实转变政府职能的客观需要。在2000年全国防震减灾工作会议上国务院提出了建立健全地震监测预报、地震灾害预防和地震紧急救援三大体系的工作任务。在2004年的全国防震减灾工作会议上，国家又进一步提出了要实现防震减灾三大战略要求：防震减灾工作必须突出重点、全面防御; 相似文献
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0前言构建和谐社会是建立在人口、资源、环境和安全四大要素基础上的发展战略,四者缺一不可。在安全要素中,地震灾害是自然灾害之首,能否做好防震减灾工作是事关人民生命安全,事关群众切身利益,事关经济社会可持续发展,事关落实以人为本执政理念的大事。要想实现我国政府提出的突出重点、全面防御,健全体系、加强管理,社会参与、共同抵御的战略部署,实现抗御6级地震的总体目标,市、县两级防震减灾工作的好坏是成败的关键。因此,进一步加强对市、县防震减灾工作的领导,建立健全市、县工作体系,强化市、县两级防震减灾工作的基础建设,是监测预… 相似文献
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破坏性地震的特点，防震减灾工作“三大体系”（即地震监测预报、震灾防御、紧急救援）的内容，西部地区地震活动的现实及西部大开发的发展战略无不要求政府充当防震减灾工作的主角，西部防震减灾工作中应突出政府的主导作用，各级政府只有将防震减灾工作纳入到社会经济发展规划中，提供长期稳定的投入，建立、健全预警、保障体系，才有可能在实际工作中取得切实的减灾效果。 相似文献
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1 西部防震减灾现状及面临的形势
1．1西部防震减灾现状
西部地区的各级政府历来都高度重视防震减灾工作，始终坚持“预防为主、防御与救助相结合”的基本方针，科学决策、及时部署，采取强有力的措施，与地震灾害进行了顽强斗争。经过40年持续不懈的努力，西部地区防震减灾能力建设取得了长足进步，特别是“十五”期间，西部地区地震监测预报、震灾预防和紧急救援三大工作体系基础建设有了明显进展，西部地区防震减灾事业在保障社会稳定、促进经济发展中正发挥着日益重要的作用。 相似文献
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40年来,河北的防震减灾工作在中国地震局和省委、省政府的领导下,全省地震工作者和各有关部门,为建立、推进和发展我省的防震减灾事业做出了不懈的努力和探索,特别是“九五”、“十五”以来,我省认真贯彻落实党和国家关于防震减灾的各项方针、政策,在加强领导、建立健全防震减灾工作体系,加大投入、夯实监测预报基础,加强综合防御、依法推进防震减灾工作,发挥政府职能作用、切实做好地震应急准备等方面,取得了一些进步与成绩。认真、全面、科学地对河北省40年来的防震减灾工作进行回顾总结,对于我们发扬成绩、开创未来,具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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0前言在省委、省政府的正确领导下,在省地震局具体指导和大力支持下,张掖市政府和地震局认真贯彻“预防为主,防御与救助相结合”的防震减灾工作方针,始终把防震减灾工作当作事关人民生命财产安全、经济发展和社会稳定的大事来抓,切实加强对全市防震减灾工作的领导,狠抓震害预防 相似文献
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新疆维吾尔自治区地震局防震减灾优秀成果奖的申报工作于年初开始,经过对申报材料的审查和公示,于2 0 0 4年3月5日对申报“新疆地震局防震减灾优秀成果奖”的8项成果进行了评审。“地震短期综合预报方法研究”等3项研究成果被评为二等奖,“库尔勒跨断层连续观测资料”等4项成果被评为三等奖。今年申报“地震监测预报成果”奖比往年多,受奖的7项成果中有4项就是来自地震台站的监测预报成果奖。2004年度新疆维吾尔自治区地震局防震减灾优秀成果奖评审结果揭晓$新疆维吾尔自治区地震局@程光华 相似文献
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目的，科技进步和社会发展对防震减灾部门提出了更高的工作目标和要求。在未来的一段时期内，一方面需要把地震预报工作从经验基础预报向完善的物理模型推进，另一方面要切实加强地震台网的优化工作，保证研究工作的顺利开展。纵观当前的政治经济形势和地震科学研究现状，文章提出了在“十五”期间应特别关注的几个问题：①正确处理“继承和发展”的关系，努力造就跨世纪的监测预报人才；②监测台网优化和监测技术的发展必须重视预报对监测技术的需求；③分析预报工作的基础建设对提高预报工作质量的作用不容忽视。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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Species composition, abundance, and seasonal distribution of the Gastropoda fauna and the physical and chemical variables of Upper Sakarya River System have been investigated between October 1998 and August 1999. Gastropod fauna in the Upper Sakarya River System was represented by 9 species of Prosobranchia and 7 species of Pulmonata. Diversity, dominance, and abundance of the Gastropoda species were recorded seasonally. The abundance of some of the 16 species was correlated positively with temperature, dissolved oxygen and negatively or positively with pH and nitrate. It was observed that Gyraulus albus (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, Valvata pulchella Studer, 1820, and Oxyloma elegans (Risso, 1826) can tolerate a high level of NO‐N while V. piscinalis (Müller, 1774) spread out in unpolluted water. Although the species and their numbers change at the stations, the maximum numbers were found during autumn, while minimums were identified during the winter sampling. Gyraulus albus was the most widespread species in our research area. Only 5 species (Gyraulus albus, Physa acuta, Valvata cristata (Muller, 1774), Valvata pulchella, Melanopsis praemorsa costata (Olivier, 1804)) were determined each season. However, no Gastropoda were found at the station 3 that has high BOD, NO‐N, NO‐N, and NH3 levels. 相似文献