共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 399 毫秒
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无资料地区降水径流模拟是水文学研究的国际前沿和热点问题。水文模型参数移植是无资料地区降水径流模拟的重要方法,对径流模拟精度具有重要的影响。利用核密度估计和蒙特卡罗随机模拟等方法,构建了一种水文模型参数移植误差驱动的无资料地区径流模拟不确定性定量评估框架。以广西壮族自治区42个有水文监测站点的典型中小河流为研究对象,率定新安江模型参数并模拟日径流和洪水过程,将42个典型流域依次假定为无资料流域,利用基于回归分析、相似流域和机器学习的参数移植方法,模拟无资料地区的洪水过程并识别最优的参数移植方法,分析移植法估算的模型参数值和直接率定值相比误差的概率分布特征,定量评估模型参数移植误差带来的径流模拟不确定性。研究结果表明：(1)基于回归分析的参数移植法模拟无资料地区洪水过程的精度优于相似流域法,优选的机器学习算法比传统回归分析法和相似流域法的计算精度提高了7%～15%;(2)与模型参数率定值相比,移植方法计算的模型参数具有一定的误差,对洪水模拟敏感参数的误差小于不敏感参数;(3)受模型参数移植误差的影响,利用蒙特卡罗法随机模拟的洪水过程具有一定的不确定性,洪量和洪峰相对误差的主要区间分别为10... 相似文献
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由于人类活动影响,水文站的实测径流过程普遍发生显著变化,而大量水资源分析计算工作必须以天然径流量为基础。以九龙江流域为例,提出将分项调查法与水文模型法相结合的流域天然径流量综合还原法,即采用分项调查法对主要水文站控制集水区的实测径流数据做还原计算,利用还原后的径流数据构建以子流域为单元的SWAT降雨径流模型,进而通过参数移用,利用该模型模拟得到全研究区不同子流域的天然径流数据。利用该方法得到的主要控制站及无径流观测子流域的天然径流数据均具有较高准确性。该方法既可以充分利用有资料流域的详实观测数据,又可以解决无资料区对天然径流数据的需求,可以为水资源评价、水量分配等工作提供依据。 相似文献
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为了提高传统径流汇流模拟的时效性,提出了一种基于通用计算的径流汇流模型。模型采用纳维-斯托克斯作为基础方程。首先,文章探讨了利用通用计算进行径流汇流模拟的实现方法并设计了模拟计算流程。然后,以涪江流域中段为研究区域,将流域内25个常规站和区域站的实况降水数据为数据源,分别利用本文径流汇流模型和FloodArea模型对流域进行径流模拟,并将两种模型模拟结果与水文站实测数据进行对比分析。结果发现,基于通用计算的径流汇流模型不仅在模拟效率上相对于FloodArea模型有很大程度的提高,而且模拟结果具有更小的水位变化误差,与水文站实测水文数据具有更好拟合效果。模拟时效性和结果准确性的同时提升表明本文的径流汇流模型对暴雨洪涝预警预报具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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以海拉尔河上游流域作为研究区域,基于Arc GIS构建SWAT分布式水文模型对流域水文过程进行模拟,通过对流域的基础数据整合,模型采用1999~2003年实测径流数据进行参数率定,将2004~2010年实测径流数据作为模型的验证期,对模型在海拉尔河上游的适用性进行研究。通过对月和年径流模拟值和实测值的比较,率定期和验证期的Nash系数Ens和相关系数R2分别在0.861~0.873和0.877~0.899之间。基于这两个评价标准可知:SWAT模型在海拉尔河上游流域有良好的适用性,可以为该流域的水资源管理提供依据。 相似文献
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基于MIKESHE分布式水文模型的降水时间尺度对喀斯特流域径流模拟的影响研究——以红水河系六硐河流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
径流形成是流域系统对降水水文响应的结果,其实质也是流域对降水时间和空间上的重新分配。降水作为径流模拟中最大的不确定因素之一,其时空分布特征是影响径流模拟及一系列其它水文问题的主要控制因素。为了探索喀斯特流域降水时间尺度对径流的影响规律,本研究利用MIKESHE模拟技术,结合喀斯特流域独特的地质、地貌、覆被类型及水文特征,对模型的相关参数进行率定,模拟了5场典型洪水的降水径流过程。并且通过改变降水资料的时间尺度,研究降水时间变异对模拟洪水过程的影响。研究表明,在相同的流域下垫面和模型条件下,若累计降水时间增加,同样数量的降水产生的径流总量也会增加,最大的流量出现时间也相对滞后。 相似文献
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无资料地区水文预报研究的方法与出路 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
无资料地区的水文研究是最近国际上水资源水环境研究的热点.总结了中国过去在流域洪水预报和设计洪水计算中针对无资料地区研究所取得的相关成果,指出现代水文学应该充分运用新的系统理论和方法,依靠计算机技术和遥感手段,在水文数值模拟方向上寻找无资料地区水文预报的新出路.对无资料地区的水文研究要从有充分实测资料的流域开始,人为隐去部分站点的实测数据以检验依靠剩余少量数据而建成的水文模型的适用性和精度.最后分析了流域分布式水文模型、空间插值、四维同化技术等方法在无资料地区水文预报中的意义和作用. 相似文献
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当前分布式水文模型的参数确定仍主要依赖率定方式, 在缺资料地区应用受到限制。建立一种基于变动饱和带产流模式和网格水滴汇流方法的分布式产汇流模型, 提出利用下垫面特征来确定模型参数的方法。结合野外入渗试验和参数敏感性分析, 建立地表饱和水力传导度(K0z)和饱和水力传导度随深度衰减系数(f)2个敏感性产流参数与地形参数、土壤类型数据的定量统计关系, 利用野外坡面流观测试验确定坡面汇流参数, 并在多个实际流域进行应用验证。结果表明: ①利用地形参数确定K0z与使用遥感资料确定K0z的模型精度进行对比, 在姜湾实验流域场次洪水模拟的平均确定性系数从0.82提高至0.86, 洪峰与洪量误差的平均绝对值分别降低了2.2%和0.95%, 但峰现时间误差平均绝对值增大了4%(仍控制在2 h内)。②建立姜湾等14个流域参数f率定值与不同深度土壤类型数据的定量关系, 移用至七邻等6个流域进行验证, 表明参数f关系式与模型率定的精度非常接近, 相对误差的平均绝对值为2.8%, 场次洪水模拟的平均确定性系数为0.83, 洪峰与洪量误差的平均绝对值为10.07%和6.86%, 峰现时间误差的平均绝对值为2.61 h。提出的敏感性产流参数确定方法与野外实测、模型率定、遥感资料推求等方式进行对比, 均具有较高的参数估计精度和场次洪水模拟精度, 在缺资料地区具有适用性。 相似文献
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敦煌西土沟沙漠洪水资源开发利用模式及成效分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
收集研究区域内雨量站历年降水量资料,水文站历年径流系列资料以及历年最大洪峰流量、洪水总量成果资料及西土沟敦煌沙漠水文实验研究站实测水文资料,调查该区域内洪水沟道的历史最大洪水。用水文学原理和方法对洪峰流量和洪水总量变化规律进行统计分析,结合敦煌西土沟流域灾害综合治理工程实施情况估算区域水资源可利用量,提出沙漠洪水资源开发利用新模式。结果表明:西土沟流域洪水灾害综合治理工程的实施探索出导流+分洪+工程防护的洪水资源开发利用模式、拦蓄洪水产生地下径流利用模式和沙漠冷水虹鳟鱼养殖到葡萄种植的区域水资源重复利用模式;有效遏制了研究区内沙漠的进一步推进并可显著增加流域内可利用水资源量,实现了区域生态治理与经济发展的良性循环。 相似文献
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An innovative approach in the investigation of complex landscapes for hydraulic modelling applications is the use of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) that can lead to a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Another notable factor in flood modelling is the selection of the hydrodynamic model (1D, 2D and 1D/2D), especially in complex riverine topographies, that can influence the accuracy of flood inundation area and mapping. This paper uses different types of hydraulic–hydrodynamic modelling approaches and several types of river and riparian area spatial resolution for the implementation of a sensitivity analysis for floodplain mapping and flood inundation modelling process at ungauged watersheds. Four data sets have been used for the construction of the river and riparian areas: processed and unprocessed TLS data, topographic land survey data and typical digitized contours from 1:5000-scale topographic maps. Modelling approaches combinations consist of: one-dimensional hydraulic models (HEC-RAS, MIKE 11), two-dimensional hydraulic models (MIKE 21, MIKE 21 FM) and combinations of coupled hydraulic models (MIKE 11/MIKE 21) within the MIKE FLOOD platform. Historical flood records and estimated flooded area derived from an observed extreme flash-flood event have been used in the validation process using 2 × 2 contingency tables. Flood inundation maps have been generated for each modelling approach and landscape configuration at the lower part of Xerias River reach at Volos, Greece, and compared for assessing the sensitivity of input data and model structure uncertainty. Results provided from contingency table analysis indicate the sensitivity of floodplain modelling on the DEM spatial resolution and the hydraulic modelling approach. 相似文献
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Müsteyde Baduna Koçyiğit Hüseyin Akay Ali Melih Yanmaz 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(15):331
The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of the size of the subbasins of a watershed on the hydrologic parameters and their spatial variability in an estimation of the hydrologic parameters and hydrograph of a neighbouring ungauged basin. In this paper, Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS), a semi-distributed hydrologic model, is used to calibrate and cross-validate two flood events occurred in 1998 and then validate four other flood events occurred in 1991, 1994, 2002, and 2009 in Gokirmak Basin in Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. The basin is divided into seven different subbasins to investigate the effect of watershed partitioning on calibrated hydrologic parameters of each subbasin using the peak-weighted root mean square error method as an objective function and the hydrograph at the outlet of the whole basin. It is found out that as the geometric magnitudes of the subbasins changed, the calibrated values of the hydrologic parameters of those subbasins changed as well. Then, a neighbouring basin, Kocanaz, is considered as an assumed neighbouring ungauged basin to investigate the effect of watershed partitioning of a gauged basin on the estimation of hydrograph of a neighbouring ungauged basin. Hydrologic parameters and direct runoff hydrograph of assumed ungauged neighbouring basin are estimated from the hydrologic parameters of the HEC-HMS calibration results of Gokirmak. Statistical indicators of the simulation results for each basin partitioning were graded with respect to the boundary values of the simulation outputs to find the best alternative. The grading results show that the simulation results with a single basin gave better representation among all other partitioning except two flood events. 相似文献
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National flood discharge mapping in Austria 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
This article presents the approach and the results of a study in which 30, 100 and 200 year return period flood discharges
were estimated for 26,000 km of Austrian streams. Three guiding principles were adopted: combination of automatic methods
and manual assessments by hydrologists to allow speedy processing and account for the local hydrological situation; combination
of various sources of information including flood peak samples, rainfall data, runoff coefficients and historical flood data;
and involvement of the Hydrographic Services to increase the accuracy and enhance the acceptance of results. The flood discharges
for ungauged catchments were estimated by the Top-kriging approach with manual adjustment to the local flood characteristics.
The adopted combination approach proved to be very efficient both in terms of the project time required and in terms of the
accuracy and acceptability of the estimated flood discharges of given return periods. 相似文献
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A method for flood hazard mapping based on basin morphometry: application in two catchments in Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Michalis Diakakis 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(3):803-814
Basin morphometric parameters play an important role in hydrological processes, as they largely control a catchment’s hydrologic
response. Their analysis becomes even more significant when studying runoff reaction to intense rainfall, especially in the
case of ungauged, flash flood prone basins. Unit hydrographs are one of the useful tools for estimating runoff when instrumental
data are inadequate. In this work, instantaneous unit hydrographs based on the time-area method have been compiled along the
drainage networks of two small rural catchments in Greece, situated approximately 25 km northeast of its capital, Athens.
The two catchments drained by ephemeral torrents, namely Rapentosa and Charadros, have been subject to flash flooding during
the last decades, which caused extensive damages at the local small towns of Marathon and Vranas. Hydrograph compilation in
numerous locations along the catchments’ drainage networks directly reflected the runoff conditions across each basin against
a given rainfall. This gave a holistic assessment of their hydrologic response, allowing the detection of areas where peak
flow rates were elevated and therefore, there was higher flood potential. The resulting flood hazard zonation showed good
correlation with locations of damages induced by past flood events, indicating that the method can successfully predict flood
hazard spatial distribution. The whole methodology was based on geographic information software due to its excellent capabilities
on storing and processing spatial data. 相似文献
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GIS-based estimation of flood hazard impacts on road network in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gomaa M. Dawod Meraj N. Mirza Khalid A. Al-Ghamdi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(8):2205-2215
Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, is periodically exposed to flash floods that result in major human and economical damages. That is due to several factors including its rugged topography and geological structures. Hence, precise assessment of floods becomes a more vital demand in development planning. A GIS-based methodology has been developed for quantifying and spatially mapping the flood characteristics. The core of this new approach is integrating several topographic, metrological, geological, and land use data sets in a geographic information system (GIS) environment that utilizes the curve number method of flood modelling for ungauged arid catchments. Based on the estimated flood volume of sub-basins, a hazard factor has been developed to quantify the expected hazard level for each road. Applying this proposed approach reveals that 21?% of the road network in Makkah city is subjected to low flood hazards, 29?% is facing medium hazards, and 50?% of roads are exposed to harsh flood impacts. The developed approach may be considered a digital precise method that can be easily re-run, in other situations or regions, to estimate flood hazards on roads. 相似文献
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M. Masoud 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(5):2587-2606
Flash flood forecasting of catchment systems is one of the challenges especially in the arid ungauged basins. This study is attempted to estimate the relationship between rainfall and runoff and also to provide flash flood hazard warnings for ungauged basins based on the hydrological characteristics using geographic information system (GIS). Morphometric characteristics of drainage basins provide a means for describing the hydrological behavior of a basin. The study examined the morphometric parameters of Wadi Rabigh with emphasis on its implication for hydrologic processes through the integration analysis between morphometric parameters and GIS techniques. Data for this study were obtained from ASTER data for digital elevation model (DEM) with 30-m resolution, topographic map (1:50,000), and geological maps (1,250,000) which were subject to field confirmation. About 36 morphometric parameters were measured and calculated, and interlinked to produce nine effective parameters for the evaluation of the flash flood hazard degree of the study area. Based on nine effective morphometric parameters that directly influence on the hydrologic behavior of the Wadi through time of concentration, the flash flood hazard of the Rabigh basin and its subbasins was identified and classified into three groups (High, medium, and low hazard degree). The present work proved that the physiographic features of drainage basin contribute to the possibility of a flash flood hazard evaluation for any particular drainage area. The study provides details on the flash flood prone subbasins and the mitigation measures. This study also helps to plan rainwater harvesting and watershed management in the flash flood alert zones. Based on two historical data events of rainfall and the corresponding maximum flow rate, morphometric parameters and Stormwater Management and Design Aid software (SMADA 6), it could be to generate the hydrograph of Wadi Rabigh basin. As a result of the model applied to Wadi Rabigh basin, a rainfall event of a total of 22 mm with a duration of 5 h at the station nearby the study area, which has an exceedance probability of 50 % and return period around 2 years, produces a discharge volume of 15.2?×?106 m3 at the delta, outlet of the basin, as 12.5 mm of the rainfall infiltrates (recharge). 相似文献