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1.
关于江南造山带的新元古代构造演化背景素有地幔柱—裂谷模型、岛弧模型及板块—裂谷模型之争,其争论的焦点在于扬子与华夏板块碰撞的具体时间,以及聚合后裂解的动力学环境。本文选取江南造山带西段湘西怀化地区~788 Ma辉绿岩中的单斜辉石和黑云母为研究对象,采用电子探针和激光剥蚀—等离子体质谱仪对其化学成分进行了精确测定,以期进一步约束该地区的成岩构造背景。怀化辉绿岩中的单斜辉石可分为普通辉石和透辉石两种,根据单斜辉石的n(Ca)/ n(Al)值（3.48~7.15）和高w(Ti)/w(Eu)值（>1500）的特征,本文判断江南造山带西段的新元古代地幔可能遭受了硅酸盐熔体和俯冲流体的多重交代作用。单斜辉石温压计的估算结果表明,普通辉石的结晶温度为1080~1112 ℃,结晶压力0.3~0.6 GPa,对应的深度为9.1~20.8 km;而透辉石的结晶温度为1237~1274 ℃,结晶压力1.0~1.32 GPa,对应的深度为31.8~42.6 km。综合单斜辉石和黑云母的微量元素特征（单斜辉石的Al、Ti、Ca、Na等元素和黑云母的Mg、Fe等元素）、岩浆系列和构造环境判别图解,表明该区的亚碱性拉斑玄武质岩浆来自于上地幔顶部与地壳结合的部位,是软流圈地幔部分熔融产生的板内碱性玄武质岩岩浆上升到浅部发生结晶分异作用形成的。结合区域的构造演化特征,本文提出一种三阶段的改进板块—裂谷模型,用以描述江南造山带西部的新元古代构造背景。 相似文献
2.
湘西通道地区长界橄榄辉石岩主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、橄榄石和斜长石,还具有少量的Ti—Fe氧化物。本文利用电子探针对江南造山带西段湘西通道地区长界橄榄辉石岩单斜辉石进行了详细的矿物学研究,研究结果表明单斜辉石属于顽透辉石和普通辉石。长界橄榄辉石岩单斜辉石较富镁而贫铁,并且还具有高硅、贫碱、低钙的特征,其母岩浆属于拉斑玄武系列。单斜辉石温压计算结果显示,橄榄辉石岩的形成温度为1260～1383℃,压力为1.5～2.6GPa,深度为50～86km,平均深度为73km。整体来看,长界橄榄辉石岩形成的温度基本与软流圈地幔的温度(1280～1350℃)相当,其形成深度为约73km的地幔深处,且在这种温压条件下,软流圈地幔可以发生减压熔融。单斜辉石的成分特征显示示长界橄榄辉石岩是板内拉斑玄武岩,指示其构造背景为裂谷环境。另外,单斜辉石具低的Al_2O_3(0.02%～5.51%)、TiO_2(0～0.46%)和Na_2O(0.01%～1.44%)的特征,这可能是单斜辉石寄主岩石岩浆源区受到俯冲熔体/流体的交代改造作用所导致。结合作者和前人的研究结果,我们推测长界橄榄辉石岩源区为软流圈地幔,其形成可能与裂谷作用导致软流圈物质上涌并发生熔融有关,且在形成长界橄榄辉石岩之前,软流圈地幔已经遭受过俯冲熔体/流体的交代改造作用。 相似文献
3.
雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的岩石学研究 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩以出现面积约600余平方千米的特大型地幔橄榄岩体而引人注目.该地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主体,含有少量的二辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,岩体中另有一些橄榄单斜辉石岩、辉长岩和辉绿岩等侵入体.地幔橄榄岩的主要造岩矿物橄榄石的Fo 90～93,其中呈包裹体的橄榄石的Fo略高,斜方辉石为顽火辉石(En 88～90),单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石和透辉石,以低铝(0.48％～3.96％)和高Mg#(91～96)为特征,铬尖晶石的Cr#值为18～69,其中方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩中的铬尖晶石属富铝型尖晶石,而纯橄岩中为富铬型尖晶石.橄榄单斜辉石岩的橄榄石Fo值一致较低,平均为88.4,斜方辉石En平均87,单斜辉石以透辉石为主,铬尖晶石的Cr#值为45～69.普兰地幔橄榄岩及橄榄单斜辉石岩都具有相似的稀土元素和微量元素配分模式,表现为LREE相对富集,Eu亏损不明显,微量元素中大离子亲石元素含量较低,部分样品高场强元素亏损,另一些则相对富集,显示地幔橄榄岩具有亏损地幔源区特征,但也具有俯冲带流体的交代特征,表明普兰岩体可能经历了MOR和SSZ两种构造环境,该特征与雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段的罗布莎地幔橄榄岩的特征可以对比. 相似文献
4.
洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)分离结晶深度是控制其成分变化以及洋壳增生的关键因素之一。为了探究海底扩张早期洋中脊岩浆分离结晶的最深深度,本文对国际大洋发现计划(IODP)385航次在加利福尼亚湾瓜伊马斯盆地U1550站位获得的玄武质岩浆岩样品进行了详细的岩石学和矿物学研究。U1550站位岩心主要由拉斑玄武岩、辉绿岩以及辉绿岩捕虏体组成,其单斜辉石主要为普通辉石,透辉石次之。单斜辉石-熔体温压计计算得出U1550玄武岩单斜辉石结晶温度(1126～1170℃,误差±45℃)和压力(–0.5～5.4kbar,误差±1.4kbar)相对辉绿岩及辉绿岩捕虏体单斜辉石(1158～1212℃,误差±45℃;1.6～5.9kbar,误差±1.4kbar)均较低,结晶深度(0～17.8km)相对后者(5.3～19.5km)较浅。与全球其他洋脊段MORB单斜辉石相比, U1550单斜辉石具有更陡峭的冷却轨迹。综合研究表明,在海底扩张早期,扩张速率很可能均为慢速扩张,其岩浆结晶深度可超过10 km。这暗示着在海底扩张早期岩石圈地幔厚度很厚,地幔部分熔融产生岩浆的终止深度也相对更深,导致岩浆结晶深度深,部分岩浆难以... 相似文献
5.
东疆二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁岩体中辉石的成分特征及其对成岩和Ni-Cu成矿的指示 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
新疆东部早二叠世镁铁-超镁铁岩体主要分布在天山东段觉罗塔格构造带、中天山地块和北山地区,与这类岩体相关的Ni-Cu矿床主要产出在觉罗塔格带和中天山地区,北山目前并未发现典型Ni-Cu矿床。这些岩体中的斜方辉石主要为古铜辉石,少量为紫苏辉石;单斜辉石属透辉石、次透辉石或普通辉石。矿物成分系统变化显示橄榄石Fo值北山最高、觉罗塔格带到中天山逐次降低的特点,橄榄石Fo值在78~86和Ni含量低于1800×10-6范围内更有利于Cu-Ni成矿;斜方辉石En端元和单斜辉石Wo端元极差值也显示北山最高、觉罗塔格带和中天山较低的规律,且相对小的极差值更有利于成矿。单斜辉石AlⅣ/AlⅥ比值结果显示北山岩体在矿物结晶过程中压力较低,硫溶解度较大,可能是其矿化程度弱于觉罗塔格带和中天山的一个重要因素。觉罗塔格带、中天山和北山镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的母岩浆为非碱性系列、大陆拉斑玄武质岩浆。根据北山和觉罗塔格带岩体单斜辉石微量元素成分估算的母岩浆具有LREE富集以及Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf负异常的特征,指示出两者源区为受俯冲板片交代的地幔,且坡北源区俯冲交代程度更低。觉罗塔格带和中天山单斜辉石Alz vs.Ti显示裂谷堆晶趋势向弧堆晶趋势演化,而北山单斜辉石Alz vs.Ti则显示明显的裂谷堆晶趋势,这说明俯冲交代作用在觉罗塔格带和中天山地区表现的更为强烈。北山镁铁-超镁铁岩体中发现单斜辉石Ti的高异常及矿物温压计算结果显示,表明北山地区具有比觉罗塔格带和中天山更高的岩浆温度,这可能与塔里木二叠纪地幔柱的活动有关。 相似文献
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在中国东部皖北地区分布着新元古代镁铁质岩,岩石类型为辉绿岩、辉绿辉长岩、辉绿玢岩等。其中主要组成矿物为辉石、斜长石、角闪石、铁钛氧化物等。利用电子探针对单斜辉石和钛铁矿进行了详细研究。单斜辉石分析表明,其端元分子组成硅灰石分子(Wo)为33.27～43.04,顽火辉石分子(En)为38.79～46.63,斜方铁辉石(Fs)为10.45～24.83,属于普通透辉石。计算结果及化学成分比值说明,单斜辉石应该是在寄主碱性玄武质岩浆晚期低压下结晶的,可能是碱性玄武质岩浆浅位岩浆房晶出的产物。单斜辉石的结晶温度为1109～1206℃,压力最高为0.6GPa,相当于深部19.8km。栏杆地区钛铁矿含MgO和Cr_2O_3较低,具有富FeO,并含少量MnO的特点,属于含镁锰钛铁矿。两类矿物特征均与典型金伯利岩中的指示矿物不同。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2017,(6)
湘东北地区与赣西北地区共同组成江南造山带中段,是探讨江南造山带大地构造演化的关键区域。采用LA-ICP-MS定年方法厘定湘东北地区栗山片麻状黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(838.6±5.6)Ma(MSWD=3.2,n=21),表明其成岩于新元古代,证实幕阜山岩体范围内存在新元古代岩浆活动;相应的锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析显示εHf(t)为5.8~13.8,一阶段模式年龄T_(DM1)为1 169~841Ma,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)为1 357~845Ma,fLu/Hf值为-0.97~-0.9,推测岩浆源区以中新元古代新生地壳物质为主。结合江南造山带东、中、西段最新岩浆岩年代学和锆石Hf同位素研究成果,认为造山带东、中、西段广泛存在近同期(830~820 Ma)新元古代岩浆活动,且岩浆源区地幔物质贡献程度以东段最高,中段次之,西段最低,推测湘东北地区在新元古代时期可能具有与造山带东段类似的岛弧构造环境。 相似文献
8.
西秦岭礼县地区新生代钾霞橄黄长岩系的单斜辉石 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对西秦岭礼县地区钾霞橄橄黄长质火山岩系中单斜辉石进行了矿物化学研究，斑晶相单斜辉石类型复杂，成分变化范围大，具有多源属性，基质相单斜辉石可以分为高Ti铝透辉石和含Ti透辉石两种基本类型，它们是同源岩浆演化结晶的产物。结晶顺序前者晚于后者，岩系中透辉石Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6结晶过程中广泛存在于CaTiAl2O6分子替代，晚期熔体富Ti,Al贫Si,Mg，熔体有向富Ti,Al,Fe,Na贫Mg,Si演化的趋势，在透辉石成分上表现为CaTiAl2O6和NaFe^3 Si2O6端员分子对Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6的替代，本区基质相透辉石与世界上典型地区的钾霞橄黄长岩系的透辉石具有不同程度的可比性。 相似文献
9.
湖南城步火成岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其对江南造山带新元古代构造演化的约束 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
目前对新元古代中期江南造山带构造演化及钦杭结合带南西段构造性质存在不同认识。本文对湘西南城步地区新元古代火山岩和花岗岩进行了锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄测定并厘定其构造环境,从而为区域构造演化提供了约束。城步新元古代花岗岩侵入于云场里组变质火山-沉积地层中。云场里组变质火山岩与花岗岩的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄分别为828±10Ma和805.7±9.2Ma。构造环境的地球化学判别图解表明花岗岩形成于岛弧环境;区域地质背景指示云场里组可能形成于活动陆缘弧前盆地。以城步火山岩和花岗岩研究为基础,结合区域地质资料,提出新元古代中期江南造山带西段构造演化过程:872～835Ma期间为陆缘盆地;835～820Ma期间俯冲造山,江南造山带形成基性—超基性岩和早阶段岛弧花岗闪长岩,东侧的城步地区为弧前盆地;820～810Ma期间江南造山带发生弧-陆碰撞;810～800Ma期间江南造山带进入后碰撞环境并形成晚阶段强过铝(黑云母)花岗岩,东侧城步地区因华南洋洋壳俯冲而形成新的岛弧;800Ma后华南进入伸展裂陷盆地演化阶段。上述认识揭示出扬子陆块东南缘的连续岛弧增生过程,同时为钦杭结合带南西段雪峰期"残留洋盆"属性提供了新证据。 相似文献
10.
江南造山带是否格林威尔期造山带?——关于华南前寒武纪地质的几个问题 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
本世纪初这几年利用SHRIMP和La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法及其他新的定年方法已获得的定年结果表明,扬子与华夏板块的拼合发生在870～820Ma之间,形成格林威尔造山带的"陆-陆碰撞"发生在1190～980Ma期间,江南造山带的碰撞事件要滞后320～160Ma。江南造山带形成过程中普遍发生绿片岩相的区域变质作用,未找到格林威尔造山带中广泛存在的麻粒岩相的高级变质记录。根据这两点,目前无法确认江南造山带是格林威尔期造山带。江南造山带可能是Rodinia向Gondwana超级大陆过渡过程中两相邻陆块拼合的产物。在江南造山带西段,作为基底出露的四堡群、梵净山群、冷家溪群等曾被认为是中元古代地层,这些地层中砂岩的碎屑锆石定年表明,这些基底地层的最大沉积年龄为870～860Ma,属于新元古代。沿着江南造山带分布的S-型花岗岩可作为板块间碰撞、造山事件的岩石学记录,并非地幔柱岩浆作用的产物。江南造山带西段～760Ma的部分基性火山-侵入岩、扬子地块周边及华夏地块某些新元古代"双峰式火山岩"(803～818Ma)中的基性火山岩具OIB的地球化学特征,它们的规模很小,是造山后伸展阶段、软流圈局部上侵形成的,不能作为Rodinia裂解的岩石学证据。 相似文献
11.
Deglaciation of western Central Norway 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
JOHAN LUDVIG SOLLID LEIF SØRBEL 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1979,8(2):233-239
The glacier movements and corresponding ice margins in Central Norway during Younger Dryas and Preboreal are reconstructed. Scattered, older marginal deposits are difficult to correlate. Raised beach features indicate that the deep fjords became ice-free at an early stage due to calving. In Møre og Romsdal county the glacier front lay at the fjord heads during Younger Dryas, with extensive local glaciation in the intervening mountain areas, and a limit of glaciation 500–600 m lower than the present. In certain places local moraines older than Younger Dryas have been preserved. Autochthonous block fields are widespread in the mountains of Møre og Romsdal. The lower limit of block fields lies at c. 500 m above sea level on the outermost coast and rises to c. 1500 m above sea level in the interior fjord country. No erratics, striation or lateral moraines from the inland ice have been found above this limit. Its gradient, which in outer fjord districts is about 1%, seems to indicate the ice surface at the last maximum of Weichsel glaciation. 相似文献
12.
The stratigraphy of western Australia 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
J. R. H. McWhae P. E. Playford A. W. Lindner B. F. Glenister B. E. Balme 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):1-153
Abstract Measurements of intensity of magnetization and susceptibility have been made at intervals of 5 ft. on some bore cores from Tasmanian tholeiites of Jurassic age. In all cases the direction of magnetization was nearly vertical. One sill appears to have its upper 700 ft. magnetized normally and its lower part reversed. The magnetic properties vary very rapidly and show a structure in which narrow regions with high values are superposed on a general increase to a maximum at about 300 ft. from the top of the sill. This coincides with a minimum of the density and a maximum of normative magnetite and total iron and also in the size of the areas of mesostasis. It is suggested that this behaviour is due to differentiation and that magnetic measurements form an extremely sensitive tool for the study of this process. An attempt is made to show that differentiation by the settling of individual crystals through the sill is impossible in thick sills in which convection does not occur. and that the mechanism must be one of roof stoping in which large blocks of mixed crystals and residual magma fall from the roof to the floor of the sill. The regions with exceptionally high magnetic values which have been observed are regarded as composed of magma trapped between these blocks. 相似文献
13.
14.
R. Catalano B. d'Argenio C. B. Gregor A. E. M. Nairn G. Nardi P. Renda 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1984,73(2):577-598
The Mesozoic lavas and minor intrusions in the thrust sheets of western Sicily have the following characteristics:
- The lavas in the Triassic Mufara Formation in the north were broken into fragments which rotated independently within the incompetent strata that enclose them. This behavior is characteristic of igneous rocks found within the more internal (northerly) thrust units.
- The Jurassic lavas in the more external (southerly) units have consistent directions which agree with those of the Ammonitico Rosso limestones in the same zone and lie about 30° clockwise from those of coeval autochthonous formations in Tunisia.Schult's presumed Cretaceous directions from Custonaci on the north coast (similar to those found in the Cretaceous Scaglia Rossa at Terrasini to the east byChannel et al., 1980) are rotated still more (140°) with respect to those of the autochthonous Iblean platform of SE Sicily. These differences are believed to reflect rotation of the thrust sheets during tectonic transport in Cenozoic times, the internal units being the most strongly rotated.
- All the igneous rocks are highly altered: generally the original mineralogy cannot be completely determined. Relative abundances of some of the less mobile elements (Ti, Sr, Y) suggest that they are intraplate basalts.
15.
The Acadian thermal history of western Maine 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
J. J. DE YOREO D. R. LUX C. V. GUIDOTTI E. R. DECKER P. H. OSBERG 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1989,7(2):169-190
ABSTRACT Following the Middle Devonian Acadian deformation an extensive belt of high grade metamorphism was formed in New England. In south-western Maine, at the northern end of this belt, there occurs a transition along the strike from regional low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphism to contact metamorphism in low-grade rocks. Petrological studies indicate that this transition occurs along a surface plunging to the north-east at about 3.5°, with respect to the Middle-to-Late Devonian erosion surface. In addition, detailed petrological mapping has defined a history of temporally separate, localized metamorphic events associated with plutonism and occurring at increasingly deeper levels to the south-west. Geochronological studies constrain ambient temperatures in the transition zone at the time of metamorphism to be less than 300° C in the north-east and between 350° C and 500° C in the south-west. They also establish a pattern of diachronous cooling due to differential uplift and erosion, with cooling occurring later and most rapidly to the south-west. Geophysical evidence suggests that along with this spatial variation in metamorphic style the shapes of the plutons in Maine undergo a transition from laterally extensive sheet-like bodies in the high grade terrane to more equant-shaped bodies in the low-grade terrane. Using the results of these petrological, geochronological and geophysical studies, as well as those of stratigraphical and structural studies we construct a thermal model for the transition zone. The model suggests that the Acadian metamorphism in south-western Maine is a result of deep-level contact metamorphism near laterally extensive granitic sills dipping to the north-east with respect to the present erosion surface. The plutons themselves are interpreted to be a result of lower crustal melting in response to crustal thickening in the presence of normal or slightly augmented mantle heat flux. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents materials of granitoids from the western Angara-Vitim batholith and the country gneisses and migmatites of the Talanchan Metamorphic Complex. The granitoids of the older intrusive phases of the Barguzin Complex are characterized by high dispersions in the contents of most trace element. The similarities in their trace-element signatures to those of metavolcanics of the Talanchan Group indicate that the latter could have served as a source of the granitoid melts. The increase in the K, Rb, Sn, Be, and REE contents from granitoids of the older phase of the Barguzin Complex to the main phase of this complex and further to the granites of the Zazin Complex is a result of melt fractionation which simultaneously became more uniform and acquired Eu minima. The group of calc-alkaline diorites is identical in composition to the metavolcanics and probably complements the latter. Metagabbro of normal alkalinity and synplutonic subalkali gabbro of the Oshurkov type are distinguished by composition and the relationships with the country gneisses and granitoids. 相似文献
17.
Uplifted crust in parts of western India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. C. Tewari G. Surya Prakasa Rao B. Rajendra Prasad 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(4):479-488
During northward movement of the Indian sub-continent, after its breakup from the Gondwanaland in the Late Cretaceous, the
western part of India traversed over the Reunion plume. The Saurashtra peninsula and the Cambay Basin are two important geological
regions in this part. Two and half dimensional density models, based on the crustal seismic structure, were generated to establish
a relationship between these two regions. These models indicate that the crust is 32–33 km thick in the eastern Saurashtra
and the northern part of the Cambay Basin. The shallower crust is in a triangular region formed by the extension of the western
limb of the Proterozoic Aravalli trend in Saurashtra, its eastern limb and the Narmada fault in the south. Compared to 36–37
km thick crust to the west and 38–40 km to the east of this region the crust in the above triangular region is uplifted by
4 to 6 km. This uplift took place either after the deposition of Mesozoic sediments or was concomitant with the rise of Reunion
plume prior to the extrusion of the Deccan volcanics as the region was close to the axis of the plume. 相似文献
18.
In order to investigate the seismicity of western Anatolia limited with the coordinates of 36°–40° N, 26°–32° E, Gutenberg–Richter magnitude–frequency relation, seismic risk and recurrence period have been computed. The data belonging to both the historical period before 1900 (I0 ≥ 5.0 corresponding to MS ≥ 4.4) and the instrumental period until the end of 2006 (MS ≥ 4.0) has been used in the analysis. The study area has been divided into 13 sub-regions due to certain seismotectonic characteristics, plate tectonic models and geology of the region. All the computations have been performed for these sub-regions, separately. According to the results, a and b values in the computed magnitude–frequency relations are in the intervals 3.19±0.17 – 5.15±0.52 and 0.42±0.05 – 0.66±0.07, respectively. The highest b values have been determined for sub-regions 3 and 12 (Demirci-Gediz and Gökova Gulf-Mu?la-Gölhisar). The lowest b values have also been determined for sub-regions 1 and 9 (Bal?kesir and Bodrum-?stanköy). Finally, seismic risk and recurrence period computations from a and b values have shown as expected that sub-regions 1 and 9 which have the lowest b values and the highest risks and the shortest-recurrence periods. 相似文献
19.
20.
The engineering properties of solid waste produced by the combustion of Western oil shale are evaluated and discussed. Index properties and their variability, moisture—density relationships, shear strength, stress—strain characteristics, and hydraulic conductivity were evaluated in laboratory tests. Cementation caused by the formation of hydrous cements when combusted oil shale is exposed to water was found to be the most significant factor affecting its engineering properties. With increasing initial water content, shear strength increases and hydraulic conductivity decreases significantly, primarily because of cementation. Implications for the design of waste disposal embankments are discussed. 相似文献