共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
Alexander Singleton Michail Pavlis Paul A. Longley 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2016,18(2):97-123
A geodemographic classification provides a set of categorical summaries of the built and socio-economic characteristics of small geographic areas. Many classifications, including that developed in this paper, are created entirely from data extracted from a single decennial census of population. Such classifications are often criticised as becoming less useful over time because of the changing composition of small geographic areas. This paper presents a methodology for exploring the veracity of this assertion, by examining changes in UK census-based geodemographic indicators over time, as well as a substantive interpretation of the overall results. We present an innovative methodology that classifies both 2001 and 2011 census data inputs utilising a unified geography and set of attributes to create a classification that spans both census periods. Through this classification, we examine the temporal stability of the clusters and whether other secondary data sources and internal measures might usefully indicate local uncertainties in such a classification during an intercensal period. 相似文献
2.
面向国土空间规划的测绘地理信息技术及数据成果服务应用展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新时代国土空间规划体系的顶层设计和“四梁八柱”建设及未来的智慧型国土空间规划需要数字化、信息化技术支撑。以空间数据获取与分析为主要特征的测绘地理信息，能为国土空间规划的编制、审批、修改和实施监督各环节提供有效的技术服务和基于数据成果的定制服务。而融合现状数据、规划数据、管理数据，实现统一“底图”、统一“底数”、统一“底线”、统一“底板”的国土空间规划“一张图”，以及支撑国土空间规划动态监测评估预警的国土空间规划“一张图”实施监督信息系统，是可感知、能学习、善治理和自适应的智慧型国土空间规划发展的重要保障。本文在梳理“五级三类”国土空间规划体系基本构成和特征的基础上，从技术体系和数据成果定制体系两个方面，研究了面向国土空间规划的测绘地理信息服务体系，展望了面向智慧型国土空间规划的测绘地理信息应用。 相似文献
3.
Eliseo Clementini Brahim Lejdel Sabrina Mazzagufo Robert Laurini 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):491-515
In GIS, spatial analysis is based on the use of spatial operations such as testing the spatial relations between features. Often, such tests are invalidated by errors in datasets. It is a very common experience that two bordering regions which should obey the topological relation “meet” fall instead in the “overlap” category. The situation is exacerbated when applying topological operators to regions that come from different datasets, where resolution and error sources are different. Despite the problem being quite common, up to now no standard approach has been defined to deal with spatial relations affected by errors of various origins. Referring to topological relations, we define a model to extend the eight Egenhofer relations between two simple regions: we call them homological relations (H‐relations). We discuss how exact topological relations can be extracted from observed relations and discuss the case of irregular tessellations, where errors have the most impact on vector data. In the proposed case study within the domain of geographic crowdsourced data, we propose algorithms for identifying homological regions and obtaining a corrected tessellation. This methodology can be considered as a step for quality control and the certification of irregular tessellations. 相似文献
4.
Blogs, micro‐blogs and online forums underpin a more interconnected world. People communicate ever more and are increasingly keen to explain and illustrate their lives; showing where they are and what they are doing. Desktop, online and mobile mapping landscapes have never been as rich or diverse yet this challenges cartography to adapt and remain relevant in the modern mapping world. We explore the spatial expression and potential value of micro‐blogging and Twitter as a social networking tool. Examples of “twitter maps” are reviewed that leverage the Twitter API and online map services to locate some component of the “tweet”. Scope, function and design are illustrated through development of two proof‐of‐concept map mashups that support collaborative real‐time mapping and the organisation and display of information for mass user events. Through the experiments in using and organising data in this way we demonstrate the value of “cartoblography”– a framework for mapping the spatial context of micro‐blogging. 相似文献
5.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):180-195
Most existing spatial analytic techniques use a simplified, point-based representation of spatial objects. This facilitates tractability of the standard computational procedures for many spatial measures, for example, distances between spatial objects. The increasing spatial data handling and manipulation capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS), however, allow a re-examination of fundamental representations and measures in spatial analysis. This article develops exact computational procedures for calculating the average, minimum, and maximum distances between pairings of the three geometric primitives (points, lines, and polygons) when these objects are stored in the vector GIS data model. These procedures are “exact” in the sense that they are completely accurate, subject to the database representation. This article also provides example results from average distance calculations for a generic spatial database. 相似文献
6.
The 2001 Output Area Classification (2001 OAC) is an open source geodemographic classification of the UK built exclusively from 2001 UK Census data. There has been considerable user interest in its applicability to subsequent time periods, particularly given the potential propensity of characteristics and attributes in some areas to change during inter‐censual periods. Users often purchase commercial geodemographic classification products in the belief that purely census‐based classifications such as the 2001 OAC are uniformly unreliable because there is no temporal updating of input data. Yet there is evidence to suggest that whilst some UK neighborhoods are prone to sudden changes, many others change very little over protracted time periods. Using measures that are available at the small area level, temporal uncertainty indicators can be constructed to identify those areas that are less stable. Using mid‐year population estimates and dwelling stock data, this article develops three temporal uncertainty indicators. These provide a reliable means of gauging the stability or otherwise of neighborhood conditions. The conclusion from this is that while a large number of small areas in the UK do experience change over time, this change is not uniform in either degree or distribution, or by geodemographic type. 相似文献
7.
Spatial interaction modelling and geodemographic analysis have each developed as quite separate research traditions. In this
paper, we present an integrated model that harnesses the power of spatial interaction modelling to behavioural insights derived
from a geodemographic classification. This approach is applied to the modelling of participation in higher education (HE).
A novel feature of the paper is the integration of national schools, colleges and HE data; a national model is then calibrated
and tested against actual recorded flows of students into HE. The model is implemented within a Java framework and is presented
as a first step towards providing a quantitative tool that can be used by HE stakeholders to explore policies relating to
such topics as widening access to under-represented groups. 相似文献
8.
A methodology for analyzing geographic data using the techniques of: (1) qualitative geometric abstraction; and (2) ontological analysis of geographic features is described. The first technique is a bottom‐up approach to extract qualitative spatial relations from geographic representations (raster or vector) while the second technique is a top‐down approach to determine which qualitative relations can possibly hold between the parts of the geographic features. The process of analyzing geographic data includes the extraction of both the features and the qualitative relations among features. These qualitative relations are then used to classify the geographic features within the “space” of ontological possibilities. In this article bays in Wisconsin and their cartographic representation are used as a running example and the subject of a case study. 相似文献
9.
Christopher Gold 《地球空间信息科学学报》2016,19(2):157-167
AbstractWe attempt to describe the role of tessellated models of space within the discipline of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – a speciality coming largely out of Geography and Land Surveying, where there was a strong need to represent information about the land’s surface within a computer system rather than on the original paper maps. We look at some of the basic operations in GIS, including dynamic and kinetic applications. We examine issues of topology and data structures, and produced a tessellation model that may be widely applied both to traditional “object” and “field” data types. The Part I of this study examined object and field spatial models, the Voronoi extension of objects, and the graphs that express the resulting adjacencies. The required data structures were also briefly described, along with 2D and 3D structures and hierarchical indexing. The importance of graph duality was emphasized. Here, this second paper builds on the structures described in the first, and examines how these may be modified: change may often be associated with either viewpoint or time. Incremental algorithms permit additional point insertion, and applications involving the addition of skeleton points, for map scanning, contour enrichment or watershed delineation and simulation. Dynamic algorithms permit skeleton smoothing, and higher order Voronoi diagram applications, including Sibson interpolation. Kinetic algorithms allow collision detection applications, free-Lagrange flow modeling, and pen movement simulation for map drawing. If desired these methods may be extended to 3D. Based on this framework, it can be argued that tessellation models are fundamental to our understanding and processing of geographical space, and provide a coherent framework for understanding the “space” in which we exist. 相似文献
10.
农业“一张图”构建与综合数据分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上海市农业“一张图”通过地理信息技术建立一个“虚拟农业农村地理环境”,以农用地块为基础,汇聚了多源的农业地理信息数据,形成了以农用地块为唯一识别码,在农用地块基础上挂接各种农业专题信息的丰富的农业地理信息大数据。为加强数据共享和应用,本文通过OGC标准服务接口和定制化空间信息服务接口为各业务系统提供统一的农业地理信息支撑服务,包括WMS服务和WFS服务。同时,通过农业综合大数据分析,可以为本市绿色农业发展及农业供给侧结构性改革提供数据支撑和技术支撑。 相似文献
11.
One of the fundamental issues of geographical information science is to design GIS interfaces and functionalities in a way that is easy to understand, teach, and use. Unfortunately, current geographical information systems (including ArcGIS) remains very difficult to use as spatial analysis tools, because they organize and expose functionalities according to GIS data structures and processing algorithms. As a result, GIS interfaces are conceptually confusing, cognitively complex, and semantically disconnected from the way human reason about spatial analytical activities. In this article, we propose an approach that structures GIS analytical functions based on the notion of “analytical intent”. We describe an experiment that replaces ArcGIS desktop interface with a conversational interface, to enable mixed‐initiative user‐system interactions at the level of analytical intentions. We initially focus on the subset of GIS functions that are relevant to “finding what's inside” as described by Mitchell, but the general principles apply to other types of spatial analysis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of delegating some spatial thinking tasks to computational agents, and also raises future research questions that are key to building a better theory of spatial thinking with GIS. 相似文献
12.
WebGL在线动态地图服务框架设计 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
针对在线动态地图的交互性强、制图过程灵活、数据复杂多样、受众面广等特点及优势，本文基于WebGL技术设计了一种在线动态地图服务架构。该架构通过设计面向海量矢量数据的在线地图数据模型，定义在线地图切片的存储结构，并充分利用计算机硬件加速能力，实现了海量矢量切片数据的快速可视化和动态更新。为检验方法的可行性，利用该框架研发了某县的“多规合一”地理信息服务平台，结果表明，该框架提升了在线动态地图平台的实用性和操作性，为在线动态地图服务提供了可靠的理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
13.
个人地理标记数据是个人通过笔记本、平板电脑或者手机等设备发布的包含地理位置且与个人相关的文本、照片和视频等信息。本文针对个人地理标记数据的特点,提出了一种适用于地理标签数据的可视化方法——个人地理标记数据拓扑图,并设计和实现了核心算法。为了比较和评估该方法的效能,对"文本列表""普通地图"和"标记拓扑图"3种用户界面进行了可用性测试,并对测试数据进行了方差分析。测试结论表明,3种不同用户界面在查找个人地理标记数据的效率方面存在显著性差异,其中文本列表和标记拓扑图均优于普通地图,文本列表和标记拓扑图在查找时间上的差异并不显著,标记拓扑图在查找时间均值上略优于文本列表。 相似文献
14.
“数字衡阳”市县一体化大数据与地理信息公共服务云平台建设项目，实现了市县地理信息一体化管理、共享和协同服务，制定了完整的市县一体化标准体系，创新了基础地理信息数据生产和管理机制，创建了基于标准体系的“一键成图”技术。大幅提升了地理信息共享应用的效益，降低了县级地理信息应用技术门槛，为全国其他地区数字城市建设提供了可借鉴、推广的经验。今后将进一步实现数据成果在各行各业的快速应用，产生更好的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
15.
Christopher Gold 《地球空间信息科学学报》2016,19(1):9-25
This article attempts to describe the role of tessellated models of space within the discipline of geographic information systems (GIS)—a speciality coming largely out of geography and land surveying, where there was a strong need to represent information about the land’s surface within a computer system rather than on the original paper maps. We look at some of the basic operations in GIS, including dynamic and kinetic applications. We examine issues of topology and data structures and produce a tessellation model that may be widely applied both to traditional “object” and “field” data types. Based on this framework, it can be argued that tessellation models are fundamental to our understanding and processing of geographical space, and provide a coherent framework for understanding the “space” in which we exist. This first article examines static structures, and a subsequent article looks at “change”—what happens when things move. 相似文献
16.
兴趣点,又称POI(points of interest)是网络地图、导航地图中重要的表达要素,包括餐饮、娱乐、金融机构、旅游景点、地标建筑、加油站、停车场等人们日常生活中最为经常使用的信息。其数据的准确性、属性的丰富程度、表达的清晰度及其实时显示效率都将影响地图的服务质量。当前POI表达存在许多问题,特别是在用户搜索特定信息时,由于查询结果数据量较大,造成POI的叠置、压盖等,这一问题严重影响了用户对POI信息的查询与检索。地图综合提供了大量的算子算法以实现点或点群要素的选取,但是它们在综合效率方面亟待提高。面向矢量数据处理的并行计算,其数据划分不仅需要满足负载均衡、划分算法高效等要求,而且对于划分后各部分数据在计算前后拓扑关系的保持也显得尤为重要。兴趣点与路划网络是密切相关的要素,两者之间存在着相互依存的空间关系。本文提出基于路划网眼划分兴趣点的方法,既能保证兴趣点的划分效率,又能保证不同分区内POI选取计算的正确性。选择点选取算法中的"圆"增长算法,采用典型试验区域的路划网眼数据,基于不同节点数划分兴趣点数据,实现兴趣点选取并行计算。试验证明,该方法不仅保证了兴趣点划分的均衡性,而且可以提高兴趣点选取计算效率。通过这一研究,对面向矢量数据的地理信息分析、地图制图综合等复杂算法的并行计算具有重要意义。 相似文献
17.
Andrew S. Foy Laurence W. Carstensen Stephen P. Prisley James B. Campbell Randel L. Dymond 《Transactions in GIS》2015,19(4):604-618
Advances in computer technologies have improved the quality of maps, making map comparison and analysis easier, but uncertainty and error still exist in GIS when overlaying geographic data with multiple or unknown confidence levels. The goals of this research are to review current geospatial uncertainty literature, present the Error‐Band Geometry Model (EBGM) for classifying the size and shape of spatial confidence intervals for vector GIS data, and to analyze the interpretability of the model by looking at how people use metadata to classify the uncertainty of geographic objects. The results from this research are positive and provide important insight into how people interpret maps and geographic data. They suggest that uncertainty is more easily interpreted for well defined point data and GPS data. When data is poorly defined, people are unable to determine an approach to model uncertainty and generate error‐bands. There is potential for using the EBGM to aid in the development of a GIS tool that can help individuals parameterize and model spatial confidence intervals, but more research is needed to refine the process by which people use the decision tree. A series of guiding questions or an “uncertainty wizard” tool that helps one select an uncertainty modeling approach might improve the way people apply this model to real‐world applications. 相似文献
18.
Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor “ground depression” had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area. 相似文献
19.
一站式地理大数据智能化平台构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于地理大数据体系，探讨了“GIS+BI”的研究思路，通过对地理大数据的采集、存储、管理、共享、关联分析和可视化展示，建立一种新的地理信息数据管理和分析模式，满足国情监测、基础测绘、地籍调查、资源审计等多元应用需求。并以“地理大数据仓库”为建设理念，构建数据生态模型，建成一个“标准统一、信息全面、富有活力、随需而变、方便易用”的以地理大数据为核心价值的一站式地理大数据智能化平台，实现地理大数据可视化、动态化的智能分析，快速响应，最大限度地发挥数据的价值，让数据成为生产力。 相似文献