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1.
讨论了中国第六次南大洋考察4条断面1个海湾计30个剖面海水中碘的赋存形式及化学形态的生物地球化学分布。结果表明，表层海水总无机碘含量分有值在0．267－0．443μmol／dm3之间；海水无机碘及碘酸根含量的垂直分布与营养盐关系密切，溶解有机碘分布则较稳定，其含量约为总无机碘的10％。真光层内浮游植物对碘的吸收同化速率为0．17μmol／（m2·d），悬浮有机颗粒中碘的结合量约为4．3μmol／m3，真光层内颗粒碘的下沉速率大于7．2d／m。根据讨论结果提出了测区真光层内碘循环的生物地球化学模式。 相似文献
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作者测定了九龙江口水中溶解碘的形态及其分布与盐度关系,发现总碘(∑I)、碘酸根(IO3-)和碘离子(I-)都与盐度成正的线性关系,这些结果表明,河口水中溶解碘的形态呈现保守行为.河水中I-和IO3-形态的碘含量分别为2.40μg/l和<1.0μg/l,I-是河水中碘的主要存在形态,海水中IO3-和I-形态的碘含量分别为39.4μg/l(S=27.5)和4.00μg/l,IO3-;是海水中碘的主要存在形态,作者还研究了间隙水中可溶碘的分布与深度的关系,间隙水中的碘以I-形态存在.另外,还测定了从沉积物到上覆水可溶碘的表观通量,其通量值为2.4(15℃)和27μmol/(m2·d)(30℃). 相似文献
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长江冲淡水区细菌生产力研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
为了解细菌在长江口冲淡水区生态系营养动力学过程中的重要作用,笔者于1997年10月10日至20日,1998年5月14日至6月1日在观测海区以及在绿华山海域设置大水体围隔生态系实验装置进行细菌生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,秋季观测海区平均细菌生产力(C)为(1.44±1.30)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3,B3和C3站.春季测区表层细菌生产力(2.43±1.22)μg/(dm3·h)高于底层(1.01±0.43)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3和B断面诸站.秋、春季平均细菌生产力相当于浮游植物初级生产力的23%.秋季和春季表层细菌数量分别为(5.22×108±0.88×108)个/dm3和(1.97×108±1.10×108)个/dm3.1998年5月18日至6月1日在围隔实验点的自然海区中细菌生产力变幅范围为0.13～5.79μg/(dm3·h),平均值为(2.47±1.60)μg/(dm3·h).围隔装置内加可溶性磷(PO43-)实验,春季细菌生产力由1.28μg/(dm3·h)增长至32.20μg/(dm3·h),其增长幅度低于秋季1.43～43.47μg/(dm3·h).油污染实验中细菌生产力由6.61μg/(dm3·h)增长至37.97μg/(dm3·h),呈逐日上升趋势. 相似文献
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从东海陆架区采集几组不受扰动的岩芯柱样,研究了有机氯杀虫剂BHC、DDT在东海陆架区的污染历史,表明BHC、DDT在本区的污染水平呈波动变化,约8-10年左右出现一个污染高峰.文中同时介绍了在不同时间尺度上估算水-沉积物界面上BHC、DDT沉积输入通量的两种较为简便的估算模式,并估算得1980-1981年间它们的沉积通量分别为1.3×10-5-19×10-5g/(m2·a)和8.4×10-5-74×10-5g/(m2·a)之间;而自BHC、DDT大量使用以来近40年间,在本陆架区的年均输入通量分别为5.18×10-5-7.70×10-5g/(m2·a)和11.5×10-5-21.0×10-5g/(m2·a)之间. 相似文献
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黄河下游及黄河口表层沉积物中39种元素的中子活化分析及地球化学研究 Ⅰ.分析方法、元素含量及分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用堆中子活化技术测定了黄河下游(济南以下)和黄河表层沉积物中的39种元素含量。所用中子通量为1×10~(13)n·cm~(-2)·s~(-1),数据的获取和处理是通过S40多道分析器和PDP11/34A程控γ谱仪完成的。本文除概述了样品的采集处理,标准制备,照射测定和数据处理等方法外,同时根据元素地球化学特点和化学性质将其分组,并依照所得数据讨论了元素的分布。 相似文献
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用乙炔抑制法和最大或然数(most probable number, MPN)法对黄海北部海域沉积物反硝化速率及反硝化细菌数量的季节变化进行了研究, 结果表明, 该海域反硝化速率在夏季最大, 范围在3.2～7.5μmol/(m2·h)之间, 平均值为4.85μmol/(m2·h); 而在春、秋季其范围分别为0.26～2.65μmol/(m2·h)和1.21～4.12μmol/(m2·h)。该研究海域3 个季节反硝化细菌数量差别较大, 春、夏、秋季分别在1.78×104～8.12×104, 1.18×106～6.18×106 和0.72×105～4.50×105 个/g 之间。春、秋两季反硝化速率和反硝化细菌数量之间呈显著性正相关, 相关系数分别为0.759 和0.750(P<0.05)。本结果可为黄海北部海域氮循环机制研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
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本文分析了自29°N～67°S,1989～1990年中国南大洋考察和1990年中日黑潮调查部分站位海水样碘的不同化学形式,并讨论了碘与营养盐及生物生产力等的制约关系.分析结果表明,大平洋赤道以南的总溶解无机碘较北侧为高.赤道南北热带、亚热带的碘离子分布具有明显的对称性.南极辐合带附近表层海水碘离子含量极低,一般仅占总无机碘含量的10%.海水溶解有机碘约占总无机碘的10%左右,无论平面或剖面都没有显著的变化.碘的含量分布在海洋生物地球化学体系中居于保守和生物制约性之间,从大尺度范围看I/S值有一定的稳定性,但在个别地域里其分布值又可受生物活动的影响.此外,实验证据表明表层海水有机颗粒的清除及真光层底部有机质的再矿化作用强化了碘在海水中类似于营养盐的剖面特征. 相似文献
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通过对厦门港海域1986年9月14—20日所取非扰动沉积岩芯的分析测定,标志出岩芯的沉积年代,进而追溯了厦门港海域DDT的污染历史。实验结果表明,DDT在该海域的污染水平呈波动变化,大约10年左右出现一个污染高峰。文中还估算了不同时间尺度由上覆水进入沉积物界面的沉积通量。估算得1985—1986年间本海域DDT的沉积通量在0.86×10~(-5)—6.13×10~(-5)g/(m~2·a)之间;而自DDT大量使用这40余年来,在该海域的年均沉积通量在1.84×10~(-5)—21.59×10~(-5)g/(m~2·a)之间。 相似文献
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南极普里兹湾外海沉降颗粒物通量、组成变化及其与罗斯海对比研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在南极普里兹湾外开阔海域布放时间系列沉积物捕获器,研究沉降颗粒物中生源组分(生物硅、有机质、碳酸钙)通量、组成、来源及元素的摩尔比值的生物地球化学意义,结果表明Ⅲ-1+站在1000m处颗粒物总通量的变化为13.00~334.59mg/(d·m2),颗粒物中以生物硅为主,占总通量的80%以上;各组分通量呈现明显的季节性变化.结合罗斯海沉降颗粒物通量和元素的摩尔比值的对比研究表明,研究海域1000m深的沉降颗粒物中生物硅与有机碳元素摩尔比值、无机碳与有机碳的元素摩尔比值较高,表明研究海域生物硅与有机碳生物地球化学循环过程是非耦合的,生物活动有效地将CO2由表层水中移出. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献