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E层占优电离层是指E层的峰值电子密度大于F层的峰值电子密度（NmE>NmF）时的电离层,记为ELDI（E-Layer Dominated Ionosphere）。针对ELDI,利用2007-2010年的COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate satellite)掩星数据,在修正地磁纬度-磁地方时标系下统计分析了它在南北极区极夜期间（南北半球的冬至日前后30天）的分布特征,结果表明极夜期间电离层ELDI特征明显,其分布与极光椭圆位形基本一致,而且其在夜侧的发生率较高,特别是磁子夜之后,北极为70%左右,而南极为90%左右;另外南极的ELDI特征在磁纬度分布上要略宽于北极的分布范围。在ELDI高发区,电离层峰值电子密度要高于其两侧地区,特别是在夜侧,尤其是磁子夜前的峰值电子密度要接近甚至大于磁正午的峰值电子密度,在南极地区格外明显;而且ELDI高发区内的E层的电子含量（TECE）、电离层总电子含量（TECI）及TECE占TECI的比重（TECEI）都高于其两侧地区,北极TECE和TECI大于南极,而TECEI则是南极大于北极。这些现象主要是由于极夜期间极区高能粒子沉降引起底部电离层电离率增大所致;同时,由于地磁轴偏离地理轴的程度在南极要大于北极,使得极夜期间南极地区的电离层的电子密度,特别是在F层要相应地小于北极地区,从而导致了极夜期间南北半球极区电离层ELDI特征之间差异。 相似文献
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The S~p_q equivalent current system of the quiet day geomagnetic variation in the polar region is very complicated. It is composed of several currents, such as the ionospheric dynamo current and the auroral electrojet caused by the field aligned current. S p q is unsymmetrical in both polar regions. In this paper, the S p q current systems are analyzed in the corrected geomagnetic coordinates (CGM) instead of the conventional geomagnetic coordinates (GM), and the symmetries of the S p q current in different systems are compared. Then the causes of S p q asymmetry in the GM coordinates are discussed; the effects of each component in S p q are determined. 相似文献
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本文分析了１９９１年太阳活动峰年南极中山站地磁静日Ｓｑ变化，结果表明：１）地磁静日Ｓｑ变化叠加有很多扰动。Ｓｑ场是由Ｓ０ｑ场和Ｓｐｑ场所组成。２）Ｓ０ｑ场变化比较规则，其极昼月（夏季）的变幅比极夜月（冬季）大很多。在极昼月Ｓ０ｑ（Ｈ）变化出现有双峰图象。Ｓ０ｑ场主要是由高纬度极区电离层Ｓｑ电流体系所控制。３）Ｓｐｑ场的变化形态没有昼夜之分；它的变化强度为冬季小、夏季大。Ｓｐｑ场源主要是依赖于场向电流和电离层电导率。４）Ｓ０ｑ（Ｚ）变化比Ｓ０ｑ（Ｈ）变化要大，特别是在极夜的冬季，Ｓ０ｑ（Ｚ）的变幅比Ｓ０ｑ（Ｈ）大２／３倍。本文对北京地磁中心台磁静日资料也一并进行了分析。Ｓｑ变化主要是由北半球中、低纬电离层Ｓｑ电流体系所引起的 相似文献
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本文将南极海冰分为４个区：ＳＰＩ１（０°－１２０°Ｅ），东南极海冰；ＳＰＩ２（１２０°Ｅ－１２０°Ｗ），以罗斯海为主体的海冰区；ＳＰＩ３（１２０°Ｗ－０°），以威德尔海为主体的海冰区；ＳＰＩ４，全南极海冰区。北极海冰区分为３个区：ＮＰＩ１（９０°Ｅ－１８０°－９０°Ｗ），太平洋侧冰区；ＮＰＩ２（９０°Ｗ－０°－９０°Ｅ），大西洋侧冰区；ＮＰＩ３，全北极冰区。本文使用了ＷＤＣ－Ａ的ＳＩＧＲＩＤ海冰资料，以分析南极和北极各冰区之间的相互关系。发现两极各冰区之间存在着非常复杂的相互作用。其中最突出的特征是：两极海冰之间相互作用的振源是ＮＰＩ２。ＳＰＩ３是影响南极海冰的正反馈中心。ＳＰＩ２则是南北两极海冰的负反馈中心。ＮＰＩ２，ＳＰＩ３和ＳＰＩ２之间的相互作用最强，形成涛动关系。这种涛动关系不是同时期的，而是有较长的滞后时间差。两极海冰形成周期变化，其周期为５－６年，正与ＮＰＩ２和ＳＰＩ３自身变化周期一致。另外还有更长的循环周期９－１１年 相似文献
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利用南极地磁资料研究了地磁扰日变化ＳＤ场特征。１）ＳＤ场变化不如Ｓｑ场变化规则,无明显的昼夜差异;太阳活动高年（１９９１年）比下降年（１９９４年）ＳＤ场变化更强烈。２）极隙区中山站ＳＤ场变幅比亚极光区长城站和北半球低纬区北京台的ＳＤ场变幅大１０倍以上。３）中山站Ｓ０Ｄ（Ｈ）变化呈“正弦波”形态,与长城站和北京台Ｓ０Ｄ（Ｈ）变化形态相反。４）中山站Ｓ０Ｄ等效电流矢量在早晨－下午（０２～１５ｈ）矢量方向为反时针西向,下午－夜间（１５～０２ｈ）矢量方向为顺时针东向,这是由极区东向、西向电射流和极区电流涡旋所引起;长城站与北京台Ｓ０Ｄ等效电流矢量很小,这是由极区东向和西向电射流的影响所致。 相似文献
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极区高空物理现象之观测具有悠久历史。对极区地磁、电离层和极光现象的深入考察将地球物理的研究领域扩展到了外层空间,并提出了太阳风－磁层－电离层－热层间耦合这一重要课题。耦合物理机制的证实不仅是火箭、卫星探测的重要贡献,而且也是基于对地面雷达和遍及全球大陆的地磁台站、电离层垂测站之长期观测成果。对流电场、一区和二区场向电流、电离层扰动电流系（包括极光区电集流）,以及电导率的分布和变化乃是一有机整体,对其每一环节的深入认识均与对整体的全面了解密不可分。有关的理论和模式研究则有助于人们深入理解各个耦合过程的相互关系,以及其各发展阶段中不同物理过程的相对重要性。 相似文献
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E. C. Butcher 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,63(3):775-782
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From a study of the sunspot cycle influence on the lunar ( L ) and solar ( S ) daily geomagnetic variations, Malin, Cecere & Palumbo have suggested that the electric currents responsible for these variations do not flow in the E -region as has hitherto been accepted. Indeed they suggested that the L current may even flow in the F 2 region. The consequences of such a suggestion are considered and it is shown that an L current in the F -region is highly unlikely from the dynamical point of view. The evidence for E -region currents is presented and it is suggested that the variation of E -region electron density used by Malin et al . to indicate conductivity changes in that region may not be a reliable indicator of such changes. 相似文献
From a study of the sunspot cycle influence on the lunar ( L ) and solar ( S ) daily geomagnetic variations, Malin, Cecere & Palumbo have suggested that the electric currents responsible for these variations do not flow in the E -region as has hitherto been accepted. Indeed they suggested that the L current may even flow in the F 2 region. The consequences of such a suggestion are considered and it is shown that an L current in the F -region is highly unlikely from the dynamical point of view. The evidence for E -region currents is presented and it is suggested that the variation of E -region electron density used by Malin et al . to indicate conductivity changes in that region may not be a reliable indicator of such changes. 相似文献
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Contrasting climate change in the two polar regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The two polar regions have experienced remarkably different climatic changes in recent decades. The Arctic has seen a marked reduction in sea-ice extent throughout the year, with a peak during the autumn. A new record minimum extent occurred in 2007, which was 40% below the long-term climatological mean. In contrast, the extent of Antarctic sea ice has increased, with the greatest growth being in the autumn. There has been a large-scale warming across much of the Arctic, with a resultant loss of permafrost and a reduction in snow cover. The bulk of the Antarctic has experienced little change in surface temperature over the last 50 years, although a slight cooling has been evident around the coast of East Antarctica since about 1980, and recent research has pointed to a warming across West Antarctica. The exception is the Antarctic Peninsula, where there has been a winter (summer) season warming on the western (eastern) side. Many of the different changes observed between the two polar regions can be attributed to topographic factors and land/sea distribution. The location of the Arctic Ocean at high latitude, with the consequently high level of solar radiation received in summer, allows the ice-albedo feedback mechanism to operate effectively. The Antarctic ozone hole has had a profound effect on the circulations of the high latitude ocean and atmosphere, isolating the continent and increasing the westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, especially during the summer and winter. 相似文献