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洋山港海域大型污损生物生态特点 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
洋山港是上海国际航运中心的枢纽港。为了解该海域污损生物的群落结构及演变趋势,2009年3月至2010年3月在洋山港海域进行了周年污损生物挂板调查研究。洋山港海域污损生物种类较少,共记录污损生物19种,隶属于5个类群,优势种为僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)、网纹纹藤壶(Balanus reliculatus) 、大室膜孔苔虫(Membranipora grandicella)、厦门华藻苔虫(Sinoflustra amoyensis)、双钩楯琥珀苔虫(Aspidelectra bihamata)、中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)、曲膝薮枝螅(Obelia geniculata)和亚洲帚毛虫(Sabellaria ishikawai),种类组成以广布种为主,同时部分具有河口低盐种的特征;污损生物的附着高峰期是6—10月份,除冬季月份外,其余月份均有生物附着;受盐度、水流及泥沙含量的影响,洋山港污损生物的生物量变化较大,月板、季板及年板的平均附着生物量分别为9.20,127.20和774.04 g/m2。另外,通过对洋山港海域污损生物周年的物种组成和群落结构变化分析,发现该海域污损生物群落受季节变化和盐度的升高影响较大,群落结构不稳定,物种演替明显。 相似文献
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From June 1984 to May 1985, monthly and seasonal panel tests of fouling organisms were carried out on rafts at Tuoji Island. Seventy - three species were obtained. The occurring frequencies of the following species are all at least 30%: Ectocarpus confervoides, Polysiphonia urceolata, Tubularia mesembryanthmum, Cfytia edwardsi, Tubulipora pulchra, Celleporella hyalina, Mytilus edulis, Hiatella arctica, Caprella acanthogaster, Corophium crassicome, Jassa cf.falcata and Podocerus cf . inconspicuus. Large or calcareous species are not dominant ones. The wet weight is comparatively light, the yearly wet weight being 9.12 kg m-2. Attaching seasons of major species are from June to October and no bio - attachment occurs between January and April. Fouling organisms at Tuoji Island differ rather greatly from those in the harbours along the continental coast, showing the charcteristics of fouling organisms in the northern island harbours of China. 相似文献
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东海西南近岸海域污损生物群落特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于2013年12月~2014年11月在东海西南近岸海域进行污损生物周年挂板试验,全年共记录污损生物10门49科69属84种,群落组成以近岸暖水种为主,为典型的亚热带内湾型群落,附着盛期为4–9月,夏季污损生物的附着强度最高。固定生活类型的悬浮物食者是该近岸海域污损生物群落的附着主体,网纹藤壶（Amphibalanus reticulatus）是最主要的优势种和代表种,其它优势种还有长鳃麦杆虫（Caprella equilibra）、中胚花筒螅（Ectopleura crocea）、太平洋侧花海葵（Anthopleura nigrescens）、今岛柄涡虫（Stylochus ijimai）、克氏无襟毛虫（Spirobranchus kraussii）、近江牡蛎（Crassostrea rivularis）、翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）、廉形叶钩虾（Jassa falcata）、强壮板钩虾（Stenothoe valida）、光辉圆扇蟹（Sphaerozius nitidus）和大室别藻苔虫（Biflustra grandicella）等。污损生物群落个体间因附着空间和食物竞争而存在着相互依存或互相制约的关系,又依照对环境因子的适应性而存在着一定的时空分布规律。温度是决定污损生物地理分布的最主要环境因素,物种的温度属性是不同气候带污损生物群落组成差异的本质体现,污损生物的种类数、附着期和附着量与水温有着密切的关系;另外,盐度、水流、光、水产养殖等自然环境或人为因素也是影响污损生物附着的重要影响因子。 相似文献
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浙江北关港污损生物的群落结构及其主要影响因子 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
于2016年3月至2017年2月在浙江北关港附近海域进行污损生物周年挂板试验，全年共记录大型污损生物9门44科53属59种，种类组成以近岸暖水种为主，属于典型的亚热带内湾型污损生物群落。固着生活类型的悬浮物食者是该海域污损生物群落的优势群体，群落最主要的优势种是网纹藤壶（Amphibalanus reticulates），其次为长鳃麦秆虫（Caprella equilibra）、中胚花筒螅（Ectopleura crocea）、太平洋侧花海葵（Anthopleura nigrescens）、廉形叶钩虾（Jassa falcata）和强壮藻钩虾（Stenothoe valida）等种类。该海域污损生物全年各月均有附着，6-10月板的覆盖面积均达100%，附着盛期为6-8月，月板、季板、半年板和年板的平均附着密度和生物量分别为（21 371±8 722） ind/m2和（1 667.5±506.0） g/m2，（31 605±17 671） ind/m2和（5 879.1±2 576.5） g/m2，（31 188±10 834） ind/m2和（13 989.6±4 755.4） g/m2，（18 425±5 757） ind/m2和（6 581.9±2 175.9） g/m2，其中夏季附着强度最高。污损生物群落个体间因栖息空间和食物竞争而存在着相互依存或互相制约的关系，又依照对环境的适应性而存在着一定的时空分布规律。分析表明，温度是决定污损生物地理分布的最主要环境因素；另外，盐度、水体透明度以及光照等自然环境也是影响污损生物附着的重要影响因素。 相似文献
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雷州半岛东部近海浮标大型固着生物污损特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对布设在雷州半岛东部距岸约30—42km、浸海时间约24个月的3个近海浮标进行了大型固着污损生物分析研究。结果表明,污损浮标的大型固着生物共35种,优势种以侧花海葵(Anthopleura spp.)、变化短齿蛤(Brachidontes variabilis)、网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulatus)为主,其次为翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、刺巨藤壶(Megabalanus volcano)和钟巨藤壶(M.tintinnabulum tintinnabulum)。3个近海浮标均被固着生物严重污损,生物附着量变化范围为3994.20—8641.72g/m2,浮标各部位组间差异不显著。物种多样性指数介于1.49—2.99,丰富度指数1.34—2.68,均匀度指数0.38—0.64。在离岸距离约42km的1号浮标,固着生物种类组成已表现出外海性特点,有少量有柄蔓足类出现,而离岸距离分别约35km和30km的4号浮标和7号浮标,污损浮标的大型固着生物仍为沿岸性种类。离岸距离、采样季节、采样深度、光照强度、海流状况和水域的开阔与封闭程度可能是影响固着生物群落组成的因素。 相似文献
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2004年3月到2005年2月,在福建围头湾深水网箱养殖区开展污损生物周年挂网调查.共记录污损生物154种,隶属于12个生物门;全年网衣都有污损生物附着,冬季和春季优势种为细枝仙藻、中胚花筒螅和长颈麦杆虫,主要影响网箱内外水体交换,夏季和秋季优势种为网纹藤壶,容易导致网衣磨损,影响网箱安全;各月份附着生物量差异极大,平均附着生物量表层网片449.42 g/m2,最高峰出现在4月份,底层网片580.25 g/m2,最高峰出现在3月份.季度平均生物量表层网片3142.30 g/m2,底层网片6030.97 g/m2;春季表层网衣藻类特别多,中胚花筒螅、网纹藤壶和麦杆虫等数量远大于港湾内网衣或试板的污损生物量,呈现海区透明度大及抗动荡环境的特点,与港湾内网衣或试板有较大差别. 相似文献
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浙江南部沿岸附着生物与钻孔生物 Ⅱ.洞头附着生物与钻孔生物生态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
附着生物对航运、港工建筑、发电厂、水产养殖等危害性极大,因而很早便引起人们的普遍重视.我们在调查研究我国沿岸的附着生物中,把洞头岛列为调查点.并于1978年6月-1979年5月进行周年挂板试验.洞头岛位于浙江东南部瓯江口外.试点设在岛西北面新码头外特设的浮筏,水流畅通,低潮水深5米左右,透明度低,水温年变化在7.8-28℃,最低二月份,最高8月份,年平均水温18℃,终年盐度均在27‰以上,最高达到34‰.试验方法基本上按海洋调查规范进行,挂板分表、底两层,表层只挂木板,用尼龙丝系在水面以搜集藻类,底层试板固定在铁框架里,铁框用铁链垂直悬挂在水下2-3米深处. 相似文献
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于1991年3 - 9月和1992年3 - 9月，在中国沿海广东、海南、福建、浙江、江苏、山东、河北、天津和辽宁等9个省市的养殖场采集中国对虾、斑节对虾和长毛对虾3种对虾标本，运用显微和亚显微观察方法，对养殖对虾的微型生物污着症进行研究。结果表明，患该症的对虾其体表污着生物群落通常由微型生物组成，包括各种细菌、藻类和原生动物，主要类群是具柄的缘毛美纤毛虫；其他观察到的常见类群包括丝状和非丝状的细菌、附着性藻类和吸管虫类；在养成期偶尔发现有营薛虫和藤壶等大型污着生物。对育苗期和养成期中国对虾体表的扫描电镜观察发现：在某些对虾体表，污着群落具有明显的分层现象。对虾体表的不同污着程度与其体表污着群落的不同发育阶段有关。据此，认为对虾体表微型生物污着症可能是一种慢性的疾病综合症。 相似文献
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For 3 years aspects of the population dynamics, growth, and bioactivity (measure of biologically active metabolite biosynthesis) of the Demospongiae Latrunculia sp. nov. and Polymastia croceus (Kelly‐Borges & Bergquist) were examined on a subtidal reef on the Wellington south coast, New Zealand. For both species, survival of adult sponges was high in all seasons, whereas juvenile sponges had poor survival. Recruitment of Latrunculia sp. nov. occurred in all seasons indicating that this species is reproductively active throughout the year. P. croceus recruited mostly in autumn, supporting previous work that found the sponge to be reproductively active in summer and early autumn only. For both sponge species, growth rates varied greatly between individuals and were unaffected by initial sponge size within the range examined. Sponges generally grew during winter and spring as the water temperature rose, and shrank during summer and autumn as the water temperature fell. This growth pattern may relate to seasonal variation in food abundance, and for P. croceus it may result also from seasonal differences in reproductive investment. After 2 years, Latrunculia sp. nov. and P. croceus had on average, halved and doubled in size, respectively. Latrunculia sp. nov. showed a seasonal pattern of bioactivity, being most active in spring possibly to prevent the surface overgrowth of fouling organisms. P. croceus had no seasonal pattern of bioactivity, but individuals were either very active or inactive. The bioactive metabolites in both species possibly aid in competitive interactions and prevent predation and biofouling. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):735-757
The Benguela, California, Humboldt and Canary currents and the coastal waters of Japan support large stocks of sardine or pilchard Sardinops spp. and Sardina sp., anchovy Engraulis spp., horse mackerel Trachurus spp. and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, with hake Merluccius spp. also abundant in each of the systems except off Japan. In these systems many of the more numerous fish, birds and mammals are opportunistic feeders having catholic diets. As a result species often have overlapping diets, and when a particular food item is plentiful it may be consumed by a wide variety of organisms at higher trophic levels. Frequently the performances of predator populations have been related to the availability of forage species, but predators have not always been influenced similarly by gross changes in the systems. Predators with the most generalized feeding strategies appear best buffered against collapses of particular prey resources. Although seabirds are generally opportunistic feeders, limitations in their foraging range may make them more susceptible than most other predators to system perturbations. Opportunistic feeding by species at lower trophic levels suggests that they could be advantaged by an increased food supply, and it may not be unreasonable to interpret species replacements in catches as reflecting shifts in the dominance of species. Overall catches from the systems have usually been more stable than the catches of individual species, which have shown wide fluctuations. Shifts in the dominance of species in the catches have often been sustained over a number of years. Generalized feeding creates the possibility that more than one species may benefit from energy made available by the collapse of an abundant resource, and there is evidence that species more abundant in former years have in some instances been partially replaced by a number of organisms. The likelihood of a particular organism becoming the main replacing species will probably be influenced by the degree to which it is utilized during and after the collapse of the originally dominant resource. 相似文献
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于2017年6月至2018年5月在平潭岛东北部近岸海域开展污损生物生态研究，探讨了该海域大型污损生物的群落结构特点及演替趋势。周年模拟挂板试验结果显示，该海域大型污损生物隶属13门92种，以广分布暖水种为主，其中主要优势种为营固着生活的网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulatus)、大室别藻苔虫(Biflustra grandicella)、三角藤壶(Balanus trigonus)和中胚花筒螅(Ectopleura crocea)，以及自由生活的廉形叶钩虾(Jassa falcata)和齿掌细身钩虾(Maeropsis serratipalma)等。虽然该海域全年均有生物附着，但附着强度的季节性差异显著，附着盛期为6月至8月(生物量介于7 326.0～12 970.0 g/m2之间，以湿质量计)，12月至次年2月(生物量介于39.5～1 580.5 g/m2之间)为附着淡季，而且污损生物摄食类型以悬浮物食者为主。温度和盐度是影响污损生物附着和分布的主要环境因素，水体透明度、水动力条件、地表径流和养殖等人类活动对污损生物的分布也有重要影响。 相似文献
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Susanne Qvarfordt Hans Kautsky Torleif Malm 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,67(4):618-628
The pillars of the bridge connecting the Island of Öland with the Swedish mainland were rebuilt between 1990 and 2000. The renovation produced pristine vertical concrete substrates, which became submerged in known years and seasons. The fouling communities on the pillars were examined in 2001 to determine whether the community structure could be explained in terms of either orderly successional development or of seasonal variation in the settlement of benthic organisms. As well, the communities on the pillars were compared to communities on the vertical surfaces of boulders in the area. The results indicated that an annual species composition is the final stage in the succession on the observed, vertical constructions. The few perennial species add to the variation between pillars as they increase in biomass (Polysiphonia fucoides) or become out-competed (Balanus improvisus). Also, observed seasonal differences in the biomass of these perennial species indicated that the time of year free space becomes available might be an important determinant of the future structure of the community. Comparison between the pillar and boulder communities showed that the artificial structures were not surrogates for the natural hard substrate: pillar communities differed in that they lacked most perennial algal species and had a high biomass of B. improvisus. 相似文献
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宁波港附着生物生态的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
附着生物广泛分布在海洋、港湾、河口从及江河湖泊和水库中的船底、管道和水中一切设施的表面上.国内外对海洋附着生物的生态已做了不少的调查研究工作[3-7],对淡水附着生物生态研究的报导还不多[2].进行淡水或咸淡水的附着生态研究,对于比较研究海洋附着生物是很有意义的;我国有许多河港,所以更必须调查研究这些港湾的附着生物.自1974年3月至1975年2月,在宁波白沙浮码头分表、底两层挂板.这里离海不远,水位和水质都受到涨落潮水的影响.退潮时基本上是余姚和奉化两河流来的淡水,几乎测不出含氯量有显著增加,常年全年大潮含氯量0.10-11.57g/Kg,小潮0.03-0.55g/Kg.水色混浊,呈土黄色,透明度经常在0.1米以下. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):651-662
Literature on trophic relationships in the Benguela ecosystem has stressed the importance of cephalopods as prey of groundfish. The groundfish community of the shelf and upper slope of southern Africa is dominated by the Cape hakes, and the results presented (1984–1991) confirm that both species of hake are important predators of cephalopods, especially taking into consideration the abundance of hake in the ecosystem. However, geographic, seasonal and species variability are evident in the patterns observed. The main prey species are Sepia spp. (predominantly Sepia australis), Loligo vulgaris reynaudii, Todaropsis eblanae and Lycoteuthis ?diadema. The last-named is an important food organism for fish. Its systematic status needs revision, however. Qualitative results of studies of cephalopod predation are also provided for kingklip and monkfish. 相似文献
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泉州湾污损生物生态研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
2001年12月—2002年11月在泉州湾海域进行了污损生物周年挂板试验,共记录污损生物112种,以近岸暖水种为主,其中长鳃麦秆虫(Caprella equilibra)和网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulates)是该海域最具代表性的优势种,其次为裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)、中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)、薮枝螅(Obeliasp.)、纵条矶海葵(Haliplanella luciae)、外伪角涡虫(Pseudoceros exoplatus)、柄涡虫(Stylochus sp.)、僧帽囊牡蛎(Saccostrea cucullata)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、巴西地钩虾(Podocerus brasiliensis)、强壮板钩虾(Stenothoe valida)、镰形叶钩虾(Jassa falcata)和角突麦秆虫(Caprella scaura)等种类。该海区污损生物全年均可附着,种类丰富且附着强度大,附着盛期在4—11月,月板、季板、半年板和周年板的平均附着生物量分别为2 624g/m2、5 309g/m2、6 210g/m2和8 247g/m2,夏季可达11 295g/m2。随着试板浸海时间的延长,试板上污损生物群落的多样性明显增加,且结构也趋于稳定。 相似文献
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鱼卵和仔稚鱼在海洋生态系统能量传递中起重要作用,作为渔业资源的早期补充群体,其分布、群聚结构对评估渔业资源和保护渔业资源具有重要意义。为了解三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚结构时空变化规律,对该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行春、夏两季调查,分析了该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼组成及群聚结构变化等特征。结果发现:(1)两季共鉴定出鱼卵、仔稚鱼8目21科40种,其中定性样品鱼卵、仔稚鱼8目21科36种,定量样品鱼卵、仔稚鱼4目11科24种;鱼卵优势种为斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)、鲷科未定种(Sparidae)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)、鮻(Liza haematocheila)、舌鳎属(Cynoglossus spp.)、石首鱼科未定种(Sciaenidae)、小公鱼属(Stolephorus spp.);仔稚鱼优势种为鮻、孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)、小公鱼属、细棘虾虎鱼属(Acentrogobius spp.)、缟虾虎鱼属(Tridentiger spp.)。(2)三门湾湾内与湾外鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚的组成存在显著差异,且湾内密度均高于湾外,反映出优势种鱼类在产卵季对于水文环境(如海流、温度)的空间响应。(3)三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群聚组成季节波动明显,主要由鱼类产卵的季节节律以及以洄游习性等差异形成。结果表明,三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚结构空间、季节差异明显,与历史资料相比,鱼卵、仔稚鱼资源从“年际”短时间尺度看已初步显现一定恢复态势。 相似文献
20.
Macrobenthic colonization on the derelict Fisheries Vessel Khronometer,Cristo Rey Submarine Park,Argentina 
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下载免费PDF全文 We investigated the fouling community on the Fisheries Vessel (F/V) Khronometer during a 3‐year period, from its sinking, by means of video transects. The results demonstrate that the shipwreck presented high macroinvertebrate coverage from the first survey (100 days after sinking). The most conspicuous organisms were cnidarians, followed by amphipods and serpulids (tubes). The hydroid Ectopleura crocea was the most abundant colonizer in the early stages; the sea anemone Anthothoe chilensis and the azooxanthellate soft coral Tripalea clavaria were abundant 2 years after the vessel sank. Interestingly, shipwreck coverage and species composition at the end of the sampling period (940 days after sinking) were similar to those of the wood vessel Cristo Rey, which sank 36 years before the Khronometer. Besides, some different taxa from that seen on video transects were identified from samples taken during dives, corresponding to isolated organisms with scarce abundance or cryptic habits. Moreover, four reef fish species were recorded. Shipwrecks represent interesting places for recreational activities such as diving and fishing. This is the only study about the early development of an invertebrate community on artificial reefs in Buenos Aires coast, Argentina. Monitoring natural and artificial substrata could help to understand the ecological patterns occurring around them and provide information to help manage artificial reefs in sustainable ways. 相似文献