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1.
A. Segev 《Mineralium Deposita》1984,19(1):54-62
Gibbsite mineralization is found in the Um Bogma region, southwestern Sinai, predominantly in the Um Bogma Formation, and to a lesser extent also in the Abu Thora Formation, at the base of a carboniferous sequence. This region is well known for the manganese ore lenses which occur in the dolomite beds at the base of the Um Bogma Formation. The gibbsite generally occurs in discordant veins and pockets within the dolomite. Most of the gibbsite bodies are associated with N-NW Tertiary faults or joints, and with dyke contacts and planes of weakness. The common associated minerals are clays, predominantly kaolinite, gypsum, halite, manganese and iron oxides. In the gibbsite, Pb, Zn and Cu are anomalously high, as is the fluoride content identified in the clay fraction. From stratigraphic, tectonic, petrographic and geochemical evidence it is concluded that the gibbsite mineralization took place during the Tertiary and is of hypogene origin. This hypogene activity also caused intensive leaching and alteration of the Um Bogma dolomites and remobilization of Mn + Fe ore bodies. This interpretation is reinforced by the geochemical similarities of the hot springs and trapped formation waters in the Nubian Sandstones along the Gulf of Suez. 相似文献
2.
埃及西奈半岛西南部Um Bogma地区是埃及著名的金属与非金属矿产区,区内盛产锰铁矿、铜矿、铀矿、高岭石和石英砂等矿产,铀矿化与三水铝石体关系密切.通过详细的野外地质调查和室内分析鉴定,从三水铝石体和铀矿(化)体的时空分布、结构构造、矿物组成、化学成分、稀土元素及微量元素特征等方面,分析探讨了该地区三水铝石体与铀矿(化)体的内在联系,认为该地区广泛发育于石炭系Um Bogma组中的三水铝石体是红土化作用的结果,铀矿化与三水铝石体的关系十分密切,富含三水铝石、高岭石、蒙脱石等粘土矿物的三水铝石体是铀的良好聚集剂,在长期的表生风化过程中,从岩石活化淋滤出来的铀以微粒及超显微颗粒逐渐被三水铝石体所吸附而形成铀矿(化)体. 相似文献
3.
The Carboniferous carbonates of the Um Bogma Formation of the west-central Sinai include two rock successions. The lower succesion consists of karstic carbonates, intrakarstic products, weathering varieties, manganese deposits, and soil cover. The lower karstic rocks and the associated soil cover are preserved under a rhythmic alternation of dolostone and shale forming the upper rock succession of the Um Bogma Formation. The all over congruent relations between the manganese deposits and the fossilized karst profile, karst products, and the associated pedogenesis demonstrate the role of weathering in the accumulation of these deposits during Carboniferous karstification. It is clear that the manganese oxides were deposited during the mature stage of Carboniferous karstification, i.e., during the soil formation, preceeding initial diagenetic change of the karstic rocks and final deposition of the related late-diagenetic caliche cement. The geochemical behavior of Mn during the karstification and the microbiological processes involved in pedogenesis played an essential role in the concentration of the manganese ore in the subsoil horizon of the paleokarst profile. The Um Bogma Formation has been subjected to another episode of karstification during the Quaternary and resulted in lowering of the landforms of the Carboniferous carbonates and destruction of the Carboniferous karst and the associated manganese deposits in some localities. 相似文献
4.
Trace element distributions and interrelationships in the lenticular Mn ore bodies of Um Bogma, Sinai, are utilized to establish physicochemical conditions of formation and diagenesis. The deposits are considered to be shallow marine in origin. Mineralogical and chemical data suggest that these ores were subjected to various diagenetic processes which resulted in the separation of manganese from iron, several ore types being recognized: a) a mixture of Fe and Mn considered to be the original one (mixed ore); b) Mn-rich types; c) Fe-rich types. In this investigation, chemical and mineralogical data and interrelationships are employed to evaluate environmental conditions prevailing during diagenesis. 相似文献
5.
The Lower Carboniferous sediments at Wadi Abu El Mogheirat consist of four stratigraphic formations, from base upwards: Um Bogma, El Hashash, Magharet El Maiah and Abu Zarab formations. The most-concentrated radioactive anomalies at Wadi Abu El Mogheirat are in the middle member of the Um Bogma Formation. The gibbsitic marl in this formation shows the highest uranium contents (around 710 ppm). Gibbsitic marl and black gibbsite of the middle Um Bogma Formation show higher enrichment in Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, U, V, Ce and Th. Black gibbsite contains the highest total rare earth elements concentration, especially in terms of LREEs, while gibbsitic marl contains the highest content of HREEs. Anomalous contents of gold at Wadi Abu El Mogheirat are recorded for the first time in the gibbsitic marl (content: 10.4 ppm), black gibbsite (2.8 ppm) of the middle member of the Um Bogma Formation and in the siltstones of the El Hashash Formation (0.6 ppm). Gibbsitic marl shows the presence of uranothorite, celestite, zircon, atacamite, barite, xenotime and rutile. These characteristic demonstrate that the middle member of the Um Bogma Formation constitutes a potential source for gold. This conclusion is reinforced by the potential to exploit other metals such as Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, U, V, Th and Ce as by-products. 相似文献
6.
Effects of historical mining activities on surface water and groundwater - an example from northwest Arizona 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Ulrike Rösner 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(4):224-230
The focus of this research was to determine the impact of abandoned mines on surface water and groundwater in the historical
mining districts of the Cerbat Mountains, Arizona. The surface water in the mining areas was found to be contaminated by various
combinations and concentrations of heavy metals. Elevated arsenic, cadmium, and iron concentrations were detected in most
surface-water samples, while lead, copper, and zinc contamination differed from region to region, depending on the ore mined.
The groundwater was seriously polluted by arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc, iron, and manganese in the immediate vicinity of mines
that processed ore on the site, such as the Tennessee Mine near Chloride. Chloride's groundwater, however, showed no evidence
of contamination. Three possible explanations are discussed: immobilization of the heavy metals in the soil by chemical reactions
and adsorption, dilution effects due to the rainy season in spring, or the existence of different groundwater systems.
Received: 17 September 1996 · Accepted: 14 May 1997 相似文献
7.
综合采用地统计学、GIS和传统统计分析方法,研究了瑞安市耕作层土壤9种养分元素有效态含量空间变异特征及其影响因素。结果显示,研究区耕作层土壤碱解氮呈西高东低的分布趋势,速效钾、有效硼、有效锰、有效钼、有效铜和有效锌呈西低东高的分布趋势,有效磷呈东西高、中间低的分布趋势,有效铁分布均匀;研究区中西部耕作层有效硼较缺乏,东部碱解氮较缺乏,中部有效磷较缺乏,其他地区9种养分元素有效态含量均达到中等以上;半方差函数分析显示有效锰和有效铁为强空间相关性,碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷、有效钼、有效铜和有效锌为中等空间相关性,有效硼为弱空间相关性。研究认为,中性或是弱碱性、含盐量较高且阳离子较活跃的土壤环境有利于速效钾和有效硼富集,酸性或弱酸性和有机质含量较高的土壤有利于碱解氮和有效铁富集;速效钾、有效钼、有效硼、有效铜和有效锌含量的控制因素相似,主要受成土母质、土壤类型以及地形地貌等结构性因素和施肥、耕作等随机性因素的双重影响,而碱解氮、有效铁、有效磷和有效锰的含量分布主要受成土母质、土壤类型以及地形地貌等结构性因素的影响。 相似文献
8.
辽宁抚顺地区太古宙变质上壳岩成矿特征及找矿方向 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
辽宁抚顺地区太古宙变质上壳岩中铜、金、铁等金属矿产资源丰富.通过对老矿区的侧、深部找矿及近外围找矿,相继发现了红透山深部铜矿,二道沟、萝卜坎、大东洲大型隐伏铁矿,下营子钼、金、多金属矿等.对抚顺地区变质上壳岩成矿地质背景、成矿特征、空间分布及近年勘查成果的综合分析,应用地质找矿新理论,采用可控源、瞬变电磁、高精磁等物探方法对老矿区开展资源潜力预测及找矿方向评价,并取得了较好的找矿成果,显示该区具有巨大的资源潜力与找矿前景. 相似文献
9.
O. N. Tiwari C. Devadoss M. Pradhan T. Nandy 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(1):49-60
In this study, multivariate statistical approaches, namely hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were employed to understand the impact of copper mining on surface waters located in Central-East India. The data set generated consisted of nine parameters, namely pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, total dissolved solids, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and fluoride, collected in forty sampling points covering all seasons. As delineated by CA, the entire data set for both the surface waters was bifurcated into groups, namely Banjar River inclusion of seepage points (BRISP) and Banjar River exclusion of seepage points (BRESP), Son River inclusion of seepage points (SRISP) and Son River exclusion of seepage points (SRESP). Four latent factors were identified, namely copper, iron, fluoride and manganese, explaining 84.7 % of variance for BRISP, 71.9 % of variance for BRESP, 66.7 % of variance for SRISP and 68 % of variance for SRESP. The extensive application of PCA on BRISP, BRESP, SRISP and SRESP reveals that the main stream of both the rivers remains unaffected by mining operations when seepage points were excluded. Additionally, iron content is considerably significant throughout the stream due to the geogenic sources and it is considered as a major factor for the depletion of DO level in the streams. This study reveals the level of contamination in the studied surface waters and the effectiveness of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation and interpretation of complex data matrix in understanding the spatial variations and identification of pollution sources. 相似文献
10.
11.
地下水有机污染的水文地球化学标志物探讨——以河南油田为例 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
经过野外现场调查和取样分析及室内研究得知南阳油田地下水已遭受不同程度的有机物污染，且污染范围可能进一步向油田南部扩散。根据近似地下水流线方向上地下水中总油质量浓度和Fe,Mn等无机组分的变化势态，结合含水介质化学分析结果，发现硫酸盐、Fe和Mn可作为地下水有机污染和地球化学标志物。在含水介质中Fe和Mn质量浓度较高的地方，地下水有机污染物降解速度快，含水介质中Fe和Mn的氧化物和氢氧化物的还原作用导致了含水层介质中Fe和Mn的缺乏和地下水中溶解Fe和Mn的积聚；在含水介质中Fe和Mn质量浓度低的地方，地下水中的有机物质量浓度并没有降低，相应地地下水中溶解Fe和Mn的质量浓度也很低。同时，由于有机污染物的存在使地下水中硫酸盐被还原，导致城下水中硫酸盐质量浓度偏低，且地下水中Fe对有机物污染的敏感性比Mn强。 相似文献
12.
对遵义铜锣井锰矿区及其背景区土壤的研究表明：（1）土壤母质岩石是控制土壤全量锰的主要因素，土壤有效锰受全量锰的制约。有效锰还受土壤物理化学条件的制约。总体上锰趋向于在表层土壤中富集。（2）土壤中锰的污染既有自然污染，也有人为污染。自然污染全量锰深层土壤大于浅层土壤；人为污染主要影响土壤表层，以表层土壤中高锰为特征，其深层土壤中锰与无污染状态相似。（3）锰矿开采造成的污染主要是锰的污染，其他元素如Cu，Zn，Co，Ni，Cd，Fe2O3，K2O污染不明显或无污染。土壤中全量P2O5可能受到了污染，但有效P2O5较低且分布无规律，反映不出锰矿开采造成的影响。 相似文献
13.
Copper, nickel and zinc contamination in soils within the precincts of mining and landfilling environments 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
V. M. Ngole G. I. E. Ekosse 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(3):485-494
This study determined copper, nickel and zinc concentrations in soils within the precincts of a copper-nickel mining and urban landfilling environments, and used obtained values to appraise the degree of soil contamination and pollution based on geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index. Mean concentrations of copper (252.4?mg/kg), nickel (153.0?mg/kg) and zinc (30.4?mg/kg) in soils around the mining area were considerably higher than those around the landfill (4.3, 0.91, and 13.7?mg/kg, respectively, for copper, nickel and zinc). The mining area was moderate to heavily contaminated with copper, nickel and zinc (1?<?I geo?<?4), whereas the landfill area was moderately contaminated (1?<?I geo?<?3). In both areas, the level of copper contamination was higher than that of nickel and zinc. Contamination around the mining environment was attributed to mining activities whereas around the landfill area, migration of leachate from the disposed waste could have been responsible. 相似文献
14.
福建永定大排铁铅锌多金属矿床地质特征及找矿模式探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过大量的野外地质调查,系统研究了永定县大排铁铅锌多金属矿床成矿地质背景和成矿作用、地质特征,分析了控矿地质条件,总结了找矿标志。认为大排铁铅锌多金属矿床为沉积-改造型矿床;控矿条件主要为晚石炭世经畲组至中二叠世楱霞组含矿层位及矿区内浅层次推覆构造;明确了含矿层位、控矿构造与容矿构造、岩浆岩、物化探异常、铁锰帽和古硐等作为找矿标志,结合区域其它矿床,建立该类矿床的找矿模式,以期指导闽西南地区铁铅锌多金属矿勘查工作。 相似文献
15.
The heavy metal burden of Akkulam–Veli Lake, a shallow lake in southern part of India, is investigated through the analysis of surface sediments. The average concentrations of heavy metals such as lead, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, iron, and manganese were determined at selected stations. The degree of contamination of selected stations was evaluated using indices such as enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index and compared with sediment quality guidelines. Statistical analysis is carried out by correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis to identify relatively homogeneous groups of cases. The results of this study indicate severe contamination at most of the stations selected. The degree of contamination of the lake could be rated as ‘moderate’ to ‘strong’. The average pollution load index shows progressive deterioration of sediment quality indicating ‘risk’ on the aquatic environment and ecosystems of the lake. 相似文献
16.
Adel Zein Bishta 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3513-3526
Wadi Baba–Wadi Shalal area locates in the westcentral part of Sinai, Egypt. It is covered by a Precambrian basement rocks comprise the northern part of the Precambrian Arabo-Nubian crystalline massive. The lithologic and structural setting of the investigated area was interpreted from the digital Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. The structural lineament analyses for the lithologic units and their relationships to the high-radioactivity zones (HRZ) and the characterizations of HRZ of the study area are the main tasks of this article. Extraction algorithm was applied using Geomatica PCI package under the user defined parameters. The extracted structural lineaments have been evaluated and chicked using the visual interpretation and published works. The short-wave infrared spectral ETM+ band-7 was selected as an optimum data for automatic lineaments extraction since it scored the highest lineament frequency (1856) compared to the other visible and near infrared bands. The aeroradiometric color raster total count equivalent thorium (eTh) and equivalent uranium (eU) maps were used to delineate the highest radioactivity zones of the study area. A selective image processing technique (SIPT) is a new approach in Geomatica (9.1), which gives rise to valuable results in this work. The SIPT was carried out for the subset of the ETM+ data of the highest radioactivity zones. The spatial distribution of the structural lineament pattern maps for some low-radioactivity zones (LRZ) and for the highest radioactivity zones of the study area are prepared with their frequency rose diagrams. The NE–SW trend is the predominant structural lineaments trend in the investigated area. The NE–SW to the ENE–WSW directions are the predominant structural lineament trends in both the LRZ and the HRZ. These high-radioactivity zones of the investigated area are characterized by high lineaments density and lineaments-intersection density, restricted to Um Bogma Formation and younger granitic rocks and are not controlled by structural lineament trends. 相似文献
17.
R. Reza G. Singh Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):785-792
The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal variations in the river water quality with respect to heavy metals contamination. To get the extend of trace metals contamination, water samples were collected from twelve different locations along the course of the river and its tributaries on summer and the winter seasons. The concentrations of trace metals such as cadmium, cromium, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, mercury and zinc were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Most of the samples were found within limit of Indian drinking water standard (IS: 10500). The data generated were used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index of river water. The mean values of HPI were 36.19 in summer and 32.37 for winter seasons and these values are well below the critical index limit of 100 because of the sufficient flow in river system. Mercury and chromium could not be traced in any of the samples in the study area. 相似文献
18.
M. Yukselen 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(6):597-603
The Lefke region of Northern Cyprus was a site of intense copper mining and smelting activities until the 1970s, which produced large tailings. This study was initiated to characterize the heavy metal contamination of soils of the area and to assess the influence of this site on the surface seawater quality along the coastline. Soil and seawater samples were collected and analysed. Copper and arsenic concentrations exceeded the limits for 'extremely polluted' soils for some samples, which can be classified as 'polluted' by zinc, cadmium and lead. The results showed that seawater was seriously polluted by chromium, nickel and copper in the vicinity of the smelting facility. Copper and iron concentrations increased tenfold after rainfall (wet period), indicating the contribution of tailings to marine pollution. There is an urgent need for remediation treatment for the site. 相似文献
19.
A. R. Karbassi Ph.D. F. Torabi M.Sc. F. Ghazban Ph.D. M. Ardestani Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(4):841-852
In the present study sediment and water samples collected from Kowsar Dam reservoir in Kohkiluye and Boyerahmad Province, southwest of Iran, are subjected to bulk digestion and chemical partitioning. The concentrations of nickel, lead, zinc, copper, cobalt, cadmium, manganese and iron in water and bed sediment were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of metals bounded to five sedimentary phases were estimated. On this basis, the proportions of natural and anthropogenic elements were calculated.The anthropogenic portion of elements are as follows: zinc (96 %)> cobalt (88 %)> iron (78 %)> magnesium (78 %)> nickel (78 %)> copper (66 %)> lead (63 %)> cadmium (59 %). The results show sediment contamination by nickel, cadmium and lead, according to the world aquatic sediments and mean earth crust values. Manganese and copper have strong association with organic matter and are of high portion of sulfide bounded ions. Finally, The degree of sediment contamination was evaluated using enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution index (IPoll). The sediments were identified to be of high cadmium and lead pollution index. The pattern of pollution intensity according to enrichment factor is as follows; manganese (1.25) < copper (1.63) < zinc (1.93) < cobalt (2.35) < nickel (3.83) < lead (12.63) < cadmium (78.32). Cluster analysis was performed in order to assess heavy metal interactions between water and sediment. Accordingly, nickel, cadmium and copper are earth originated. Zinc, copper and manganese are dominated by pH. All the elemental concentrations in water and sediment are correlated except for sedimental copper. 相似文献
20.
以新疆塔城盆地80组地下水样品水化学组分测试结果为依据,结合区域地质、水文地质调查资料,研究塔城盆地地下水中铁、锰分布特征及其成因。结果表明,研究区浅层地下水中铁、锰浓度总体较低,局部超标,其空间分布特征基本一致。对比2017年发布的地下水质量标准,地下水中铁、锰超标率依次为25%和5%,深层承压水铁、锰含量均未超标。地下水中铁锰离子浓度受原生地质环境所控,同时叠加人类活动影响,城镇周边人口密集区尤其是排污沟渠附近地下水中耗氧量、溶解性总固体、铁、锰含量明显升高。地下水中铁锰超标连片区域呈条带状或斑块状分布于塔城盆地北部山区、中部冲积平原区以及南部低山丘陵区的铜钼成矿带,受人类活动影响,在塔城市、额敏县及其周边的地表水和地下水重污染区分布有地下水铁、锰重污染点,污染物特别是有机污染物排放所引起的还原环境促使地层中难溶的铁锰矿物的溶解释放。地层中,尤其是矿床及周边地层中高含量的铁锰是地下水中铁锰的重要来源,沉积层中富含丰富的有机质同时叠加人类活动输入所形成的还原条件是研究区地下水中铁、锰迁移和富集的主控因素。 相似文献