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1.
陈光华  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2009,33(2):205-214
利用全球再分析资料以及美国联合台风预报中心的热带气旋(TC)数据, 从动力和能量转换方面深入分析了西北太平洋上空30~60天大气低频振荡(MJO)对西北太平洋区域TC生成的调制作用。研究结果表明, 当西北太平洋西侧为MJO的西风位相所控制时, MJO通过纬向风的辐合作用使得在辐合区传播的波动发生波数增加, 波长减短的结构改变, 从而触发较大尺度波动向天气尺度波动的演变; 西风位相期间纬向风的纬向辐合与经向切变可以使得低频波动动能向高频波动的转换得到加强, 从而使得在此区域TC生成的数量明显偏多。相反, 当西北太平洋西侧为MJO的东风位相时, TC生成的数量得到抑制。此外, 随着西风位相中西风的加强(东风位相中东风的加强), TC的生成概率将得到增加 (减少)。但是, 在西北太平洋东侧海域, MJO对TC活动的调制作用要减弱许多。对MJO活动年际变化的研究表明, 在西太暖池处于暖状态年时, 西北太平洋西侧的MJO活动频繁, 西风位相活跃, 从而有利于此区域TC的生成, 而冷年的情况正好相反。  相似文献   

2.
GFDL_RegCM对21世纪西北太平洋热带气旋活动的情景预估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
首先评估了GFDL模式对西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)环境热力及动力因子的模拟性能,再利用夏威夷大学国际太平洋研究中心高分辨率区域气候模式( IPRC-RegCM),进行降尺度研究西北太平洋TC活动特征,在此基础上预估21世纪全球变暖背景下(A1B)西北太平洋TC活动的主要特点.结果显示,在西北太平洋TC活动区,GFDL控制试验的海平面温度(SST)比ERSST偏低.与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料相比,GFDL模拟的1980-1999年大尺度环流平均场表现为:副高脊线平均位置近乎一致,西伸脊点偏东,强度偏弱,面积偏小;季风槽槽线的范围偏小,强度偏弱;水平风垂直切变值在南海及菲律宾群岛海域偏小,而在160°E~170°W的20°N以南偏强.与NCEP/NCAR强迫的模拟结果相比,GFDL强迫得到的TC源地频数在南海偏少,菲律宾群岛以东海域偏多,两者的季节及年际变化特征相似.路径频数在南海北部和我国华南沿岸显著偏多.AlB情景下,西北太平洋TC生成数目将增加一倍,生成源地偏北且同时向东部洋而扩展,路径频数增多主要发生在20°N以北的中东部洋面上,移经西北太平洋西部的TC频数减少,由此影响我国的TC将减少.TC频数的季节分布发生较大变化,最多的月份在10月.TC平均强度增强,最大强度在10月增加最多,这与10月SST的增加和环境风切变的减小均为最大值有密切的关系.  相似文献   

3.
使用1979—2015年欧洲长期天气预报中心所提供的ERA-Interim再分析资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)最佳路径资料,分析了7—8月东亚高空纬向风的季节内振荡(ISO)信号特征及其与登陆中国大陆热带气旋(TC)的关系。结果表明:(1)200 hPa纬向风在副热带、中纬度地区季节内振荡显著,尤其是在纬向西风带中,有两个南北分布的大值中心,方差贡献均超过50%。(2)基于东亚高空纬向风的ISO和EOF典型空间模定义的西风指数(EAWI),可以用来描述东亚高空纬向西风在ISO尺度上的经向移动。(3)在西风指数的ISO负位相期间,登陆中国东南沿岸22 °N以北的TC增多;反之减少。在西风急流出口南侧的副热带区域,200 hPa ISO纬向风向北移动,使纬向西风位置偏北,出现东风异常,从而使西风减弱;TC引导气流为向西的异常,有利于TC登陆中国大陆偏北沿岸;同时有异常的ISO纬向异常东风切变,有利于TC登陆过程的维持。(4)在西风指数的ISO负位相期间,在对流层高层西风急流出口区向南输送的天气尺度的E矢量,在TC登陆地区,出现异常扰动涡度通量的辐合,引起了该区域的西风减弱。   相似文献   

4.
利用NOAA的逐日OLR场资料、ECMWF逐日风场(850 hPa)资料、以及美国联合台风预报中心(JTWC)的热带气旋(TC)数据,参考Wheeler和Hendon提出的MJO指数,通过Combined-EOF方法定义热带20~90 d振荡(ISO)的指数,对西北太平洋(WNP)区域进行ISO不同相位的划分,深入研究西北太平洋地区ISO对于热带气旋(TC)路径变化的影响。研究结果表明,在ISO东风位相中,在ISO反气旋性环流东北侧气流影响下,西太副高南侧偏东气流较弱,生成在副高中的TC在140 °E以东转折的比率较大;而在西风位相,副高南侧偏东气流受ISO气旋性环流影响加强,生成在该区域的TC在偏东气流引导下首先向西,当西北移动至近海区域后,在西南季风气流以及副高西侧偏东南气流的共同作用下,容易发生顺时针的北折,因而在140 °E以西转折类的TC比率较高。还分析了台风个例中的ISO流场形势,发现当ISO气旋(反气旋)性环流中心与热带气旋中心重合时,热带气旋路径会发生突然的右折。   相似文献   

5.
2007年西北太平洋热带气旋活动综述   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
应明  余晖  梁旭东  李佳 《气象》2009,35(2):94-100
利用热带气旋年鉴、海温和大气环流再分析资料,分析2007年西北太平洋(包括南海)的风暴级以上热带气旋(简称TC)活动状况及海-气条件.结果表明,相对于气候平均值,2007年西北太平洋TC活动的季节峰期推后了约2个月,源地明显偏北,生成点纬度发生了2次明显跃变,年度TC的总体活动较弱,但个体的强度较强,路径以西北行为主,登陆比例偏大.影响上述TC活动特征的一个重要原因是年内ENSO循环的位相使得上半年的大气环流不利因素居多,而下半年大尺度上升运动、热带辐合带均较强,副高偏北、局地垂直风切变较小和对流层低层较强的扰动活动等条件,也十分有利热带气旋活动.  相似文献   

6.
西北太平洋大气准双周振荡对热带气旋活动的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王磊  陈光华  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2009,33(3):416-424
利用JRA逐日风场资料、 NOAA/NCEP的逐日OLR场资料以及美国联合台风预报中心的热带气旋 (TC) 数据, 通过对西北太平洋 (WNP) 上空10~20天大气准双周振荡 (QBWO) 不同位相的划分, 深入分析了QBWO对WNP区域生成TC的调制作用。研究结果表明: 在西北太平洋准双周尺度上, 对流与纬向风表现出沿热带地区向西偏北传播的特性。不同位相合成的季风槽位置和强度也发生相应的改变, 由此可见, QBWO是WNP上空季风槽季内变化的重要影响因子。当处于位相1、 4时, WNP生成TC的概率较低, 且登陆我国TC的数量也较少; 当处于位相2、 3时, WNP发生TC的概率较高, 特别是处于位相3时, 不仅TC发生概率最高, 而且登陆我国的TC数量也最多。沿热带地区西传的天气尺度波动 (周期10天以下) 在WNP通过季风槽的纬向风辐合作用, 易于转变为波数较大、 波长较短的热带低压 (TD) 型扰动, 这种扰动在季风槽区通过能量的转换有利于发展成为TC。  相似文献   

7.
西北太平洋台风活动与大气季节内振荡   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
李崇银  潘静  田华  杨辉 《气象》2012,38(1):1-16
本文综合介绍了大气季节内振荡与西北太平洋台风活动关系的最新研究结果。主要内容是:大气MJO的活动对西北太平洋台风的生成有比较明显的调制作用,在MJO的活跃期与非活跃期西北太平洋生成台风数的比例为2:1;而在MJO活跃期,对流中心位于赤道东印度洋(即MJO第2~3位相)与对流中心在西太平洋地区(即MJO第5~6位相)时的比例也为2:1。在MJO的不同位相,西太平洋地区的动力因子和热源分布形势有很明显不同。在第2~3位相,各种因子均呈现出抑制西太平洋地区对流及台风发展的态势;而在第5~6位相则明显促进对流的发生发展。这说明MJO在不断东移的过程中,将影响和改变大气环流形势,最终影响台风的生成。对多台风年与少台风年850 hPa的30~60 d低频动能距平合成分析表明,在多台风年有两个低频动能的大值区,其中最显著的是低频动能正异常位于菲律宾以东15°N以南的西北太平洋地区,此区域正好为季风槽所在的位置。而少台风年的情况与多台风年相反,从阿拉伯海东部经印度半岛、孟加拉湾一直到我国南海地区,都是低频动能的大值区,最大的低频动能中心位于印度半岛和我国南海南部;而菲律宾以东的西北太平洋是低频动能的负距平区,季风槽偏弱,对台风生成发展不利。200 hPa速度势场清楚表明,多台风年(少台风年)在菲律宾以东的西北太平洋上表现为高层辐散(辐合),增强(减弱)该地区的上升气流,有利于(不利于)台风的生成。大气季节内振荡(ISO)对西北太平洋台风路径影响的研究表明,大气ISO)流场对台风路径预报有重要参考意义。其结果表明,台风生成时850 hPa低频气旋(LFC)的正涡度带(特别是最大正涡度线)走向往往预示着台风的未来走向;200 hPa的低频环流形势对台风的路径也有一定的指示作用,与200 hPa低频反气旋(LFAC)相联系的200 hPa强低频气流对台风起着引导气流的作用。  相似文献   

8.
热带大气季节内振荡对西北太平洋台风的调制作用   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
潘静  李崇银  宋洁 《大气科学》2010,34(6):1059-1070
利用澳大利亚气象局的RMM-MJO (Real-time Multivariate MJO) 指数, 分析研究了热带大气季节内振荡 (简称MJO) 对西北太平洋台风的调制作用及其机理, 结果表明MJO活动对西北太平洋台风的生成有比较明显调制作用。在MJO活跃期, 对流中心位于赤道东印度洋 (即MJO第2、3位相) 和对流中心越过海洋性大陆来到西太平洋地区 (即MJO 第5、6位相) 时台风生成的个数比例为2∶1。本文对西太平洋地区的大气环流场进行了多种气象要素的合成分析, 在MJO的不同位相, 西太平洋地区的动力因子分布形势有很明显不同。在第2、3位相, 各种因子均呈现出抑制西太平洋地区对流及台风发展的态势; 而在第5、6位相则明显有促进对流发生发展, 为台风生成和发展创造了有利条件的大尺度环流动力场。这说明MJO 在不断东移的过程中, 将改变大气环流形势, 最终影响了台风的生成和发展。接着, 我们从积云对流这个联系台风和MJO的重要因子出发, 研究了不同MJO位相时凝结加热的水平和垂直分布, 以及与台风环流、 水汽通量的配置情况。结果表明在MJO不同位相, 热源分布明显不同, 而这种水平和垂直方向的不同分布特征必然反映潜热释放和有效位能向有效动能转换的差异, 再与水汽的辐合辐散相配合, 就从台风获得的能量角度揭示了大气MJO调节台风的生成和发展, 造成不同位相时台风生成有根本差别的原因。  相似文献   

9.
El Nino衰减年西北太平洋热带气旋(Tropical cyclone,TC)活动表现出多样性,给TC活动的气候预测带来挑战。采用美国联合台风预警中心的热带气旋最佳路径数据和欧洲中期预报中心提供的ERA-5再分析资料,对1970—2018年的El Nino衰减年7—10月的西北太平洋TC生成频数进行合成分析,发现其与气候态没有显著的差异,但在单个年份,存在着较大的正、负异常。为此,将El Nino衰减年分为TC生成频数偏少(负异常)和偏多(正异常)两种情形,对比两种情形的TC活动和大尺度环境要素特征。结果表明,TC生成频数偏少的情形,TC生成频数的异常减少主要发生在西北太平洋东部海域,即(15°~25°N,140°~150°E)和(5°~25°N,150°~170°E),与垂直风切变增大、对流层中层相对湿度和低层绝对涡度减少有关;TC生成频数偏多的情形,TC生成频数的异常增加主要发生在南海和菲律宾群岛附近,即(15°~25°N,110°~120°E)和(5°~25°N,120°~130°E),对流层中层相对湿度增加的贡献最大,其次是上升运动增强和绝对涡度增大;对比两种情形发现,TC生成频数偏多的情形,广东和福建沿岸的东南风异常引导气流有利于菲律宾群岛附近生成的TC登陆中国大陆。  相似文献   

10.
热带大气季节内振荡对江西5月降水的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用实时的热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)指数和江西省83个台站降水资料,通过位相合成方法分析了MJO对江西5月降水的影响。(1) 在强MJO第4~5位相(MJO活动中心位于赤道印度洋东部印尼群岛附近)江西降水为正异常,在第6~8位相(MJO活动中心位于西太平洋以东)和第1~3位相(MJO活动中心位于赤道印度洋)为负异常,其中以第4位相的正异常和第7位相的负异常最明显。(2) 当MJO对流中心位于印尼群岛附近时,副高西伸脊点偏西,处于异常西南风控制,从西太平洋副热带地区向江西输送的水汽加强,位于水汽辐合区内,受上升运动控制,有利于江西出现降水。当MJO传播至西太平洋地区时,江西转为受异常偏北风控制,水汽输送减弱,为水汽辐散区,受下沉运动控制,不利于江西出现降水。   相似文献   

11.
2010年西北太平洋与南海热带气旋活动异常的成因分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用中国气象局热带气旋(TC)资料、NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料和美国 NOAA 向外长波辐射(OLR)等资料,分析了2010年西北太平洋(WNP)及南海(SCS)热带气旋活动异常的可能成因,讨论了同期大气环流配置和海温外强迫对TC生成和登陆的动力和热力条件的影响。结果表明,2010年生成TC频数明显偏少,生成源地显著偏西,而登陆TC频数与常年持平。导致7~10月TC频数明显偏少的大尺度环境场特征为:副热带高压较常年异常偏强、西伸脊点偏西,季风槽位置异常偏西,弱垂直风切变带位置也较常年偏西且范围偏小,南亚高压异常偏强,贝加尔湖附近对流层低高层均为反气旋距平环流,这些关键环流因子的特征和配置都不利于 TC 在WNP的东部生成。影响TC活动的外强迫场特征为:2010年热带太平洋经历了El Ni?o事件于春末夏初消亡、La Ni?a事件于7月形成的转换;7~10月,WNP海表温度维持正距平,140°E以东为负距平且对流活动受到抑制;暖池次表层海温异常偏暖,对应上空850 hPa为东风距平,有利于季风槽偏西和TC在WNP的西北侧海域生成。WNP海表温度和暖池次表层海温的特征是2010年TC生成频数偏少、生成源地异常偏西的重要外强迫信号。有利于7~10月热带气旋西行和登陆的500 hPa风场特征为:北太平洋为反气旋环流距平,其南侧为东风异常,该东风异常南缘可到25°N,并向西扩展至中国大陆地区;南海和西北太平洋地区15°N以南的低纬也为东风异常;在这样的风场分布型下,TC容易受偏东气流引导西行并登陆我国沿海地区。这是2010年生成TC偏少但登陆TC并不少的重要环流条件。  相似文献   

12.
Yao  Xiuping  Zhao  Dajun  Li  Ying 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2020,34(1):150-162

We used tropical cyclone (TC) best track data for 1949–2016, provided by the Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration (CMA-STI), and a TC size dataset (1980-2016) derived from geostationary satellite infrared images to analyze the statistical characteristics of autumn TCs over the western North Pacific (WNP). We investigated TC genesis frequency, location, track density, intensity, outer size, and landfalling features, as well as their temporal and spatial evolution characteristics. On average, the number of autumn TCs accounted for 42.1% of the annual total, slightly less than that of summer TCs (42.7%). However, TCs classified as strong typhoons or super typhoons were more frequent in autumn than in summer. In most years of the 68-yr study period, there was an inverse relationship between the number of autumn TCs and that of summer TCs. The genesis of autumn TCs was concentrated at three centers over the WNP: the first is located near (14°N, 115°E) over the northeastern South China Sea and the other two are located in the vast oceanic area east of the Philippines around (14°N, 135°E) and (14°N, 145°E), respectively. In terms of intensity, the eight strongest TCs during the study period all occurred in autumn. It is revealed that autumn TCs were featured with strong typhoons and super typhoons, with the latter accounting for 28.1% of the total number of autumn TCs. Statistically, the average 34-knot radius (R34) of autumn TCs increased with TC intensity. From 1949 to 2016, 164 autumn TCs made landfall in China, with an average annual number of 2.4. Autumn TCs were most likely to make landfall in Guangdong Province, followed by Hainan Province and Taiwan Island.

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13.
Interannual variability of landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs) in China during 1960-2010 is investigated.By using the method of partial least squares regression(PLS-regression),canonical ENSO and ENSO Modoki are identified to be the factors that contribute to the interannual variability of landfalling TCs.El Ni o Modoki years are associated with a greater-than-average frequency of landfalling TCs in China,but reversed in canonical El Ni o years.Significant difference in genesis locations of landfalling TCs in China for the two kinds of El Ni o phases occurs dominantly in the northern tropical western North Pacific(WNP).The patterns of low-level circulation anomalies and outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) anomalies associated with landfalling TC genesis with different types of El Ni o phases are examined.During canonical El Ni o years,a broad zonal band of positive OLR anomalies dominates the tropical WNP,while the circulation anomalies exhibit a meridionally symmetrical dipole pattern with an anticyclonic anomaly in the subtropics and a cyclonic anomaly near the tropics.In El Ni o Modoki years,a vast region of negative OLR anomalies,roughly to the south of 25°N with a strong large-scale cyclonic anomaly over the tropical WNP,provides a more favorable condition for landfalling TC genesis compared to its counterpart during canonical El Ni o years.For more landfalling TCs formed in the northern tropical WNP in El Ni o Modoki years,there are more TCs making landfall on the northern coast of China in El Ni o Modoki years than in canonical El Ni o years.The number of landfalling TCs is slightly above normal in canonical La Ni a years.Enhanced convection is found in the South China Sea(SCS) and the west of the tropical WNP,which results in landfalling TCs forming more westward in canonical La Ni a years.During La Ni a Modoki years,the landfalling TC frequency are below normal,owing to an unfavorable condition for TC genesis persisting in a broad zonal band from 5°N to 25°N.Since the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) in La Ni a Modoki years is located in the westernmost region,TCs mainly make landfall on the south coast of China.  相似文献   

14.
The intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) of the South China Sea(SCS, 105-120°E, 5-20°N) convection and its influences on the genesis and track of the western North Pacific(WNP) tropical cyclones(TCs) were explored, based on the daily average of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the OLR data and the western North Pacific tropical cyclone best-track data from 1979 to 2008. The mechanism of the influences of ISO on TC movement and the corresponding large-scale circulation were discussed by a trajectory model. It was found as follows.(1) During the SCS summer monsoon, the SCS convection exhibits the ISO features with active phases alternating with inactive phases. The monsoon circulation patterns are significantly different during these two phases. When the SCS convection is active(inactive), the SCS-WNP monsoon trough stretches eastward(retreats westward) due to the activity(inactivity) of SCS monsoon, and the WNP subtropical high retreats eastward(stretches westward), which enhances(suppresses) the monsoon circulation.(2) The amount of TC genesis in the active phase is much more than that in the inactive phase. A majority of TCs form west of 135 °E during the active phases but east of 135 °E in the inactive phases.(3) The TCs entering the area west of 135 °E and south of 25 °N would move straight into the SCS in the active phase, or recurve northward in the inactive phase.(4) Simulation results show that the steering flow associated with the active(inactive)phases is in favor of straight-moving(recurving) TCs. Meanwhile, the impacts of the locations of TC genesis on the characteristics of TC track cannot be ignored. TCs that occurred father westward are more likely to move straight into the SCS region.  相似文献   

15.
In this work,an index of tropical 20-90 d oscillation(intra-seasonal oscillation;ISO)in the western North Pacific(WNP)was determined via the combined empirical orthogonal function(EOF)method using daily outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)field data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),daily wind field data(at 850 hPa)from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and referencing the Madden-Julian oscillation(MJO)index proposed by Wheeler and Hendon.An in-depth investigation was conducted to examine the impact of the ISO on changes in tropical cyclone(TC)tracks in the WNP during different ISO phases.The research results indicate that during the easterly phase of the ISO,under the impact of the northeastern airflow of anti-cyclonic ISO circulation,the easterly airflow south of the western Pacific subtropical high is relatively weak,and TCs generated in the subtropical high tend to change their tracks east of 140°E;during the westerly phase,there is a relatively high probability that TCs change their tracks west of 140°E.This work also analyzed the ISO flow field situation in cases of typhoons and determined that the track of a tropical cyclone will experience a sudden right turn when the center of the ISO cyclonic(anti-cyclonic)circulation coincides with that of the cyclone.  相似文献   

16.
The present study identifies a significant influence of the sea surface temperature gradient(SSTG) between the tropical Indian Ocean(TIO; 15°S-15°N, 40°-90°E) and the western Pacific warm pool(WWP; 0°-15°N, 125°-155°E) in boreal spring on tropical cyclone(TC) landfall frequency in mainland China in boreal summer. During the period 1979-2015, a positive spring SSTG induces a zonal inter-basin circulation anomaly with lower-level convergence, mid-tropospheric ascendance and upper-level divergence over the west-central TIO, and the opposite situation over the WWP, which produces lower-level anomalous easterlies and upper-level anomalous westerlies between the TIO and WWP. This zonal circulation anomaly further warms the west-central TIO by driving warm water westward and cools the WWP by inducing local upwelling, which facilitates the persistence of the anomaly until the summer. Consequently, lower-level negative vorticity, strong vertical wind shear and lower-level anticyclonic anomalies prevail over most of the western North Pacific(WNP), which decreases the TC genesis frequency. Meanwhile, there is an anomalous mid-tropospheric anticyclone over the main WNP TC genesis region,meaning a westerly anomaly dominates over coastal regions of mainland China, which is unfavorable for steering TCs to make landfall in mainland China during summer. This implies that the spring SSTG may act as a potential indicator for TC landfall frequency in mainland China.  相似文献   

17.
使用Emanuel和Nolan完善的潜在生成指数(GPI)的计算方法,利用美国联合台风警报中心提供的热带气旋(TC)资料和欧洲中期数值天气预报中心提供的全球ERA-40再分析资料,比较了1970-2001年西北太平洋海域的TC生成频数和GPI的气候特征,分析了包含于GPI中的环境要素对西北太平洋TC频数年代际变化空间分布的影响.结果表明:GPI能近似地表述西北太平洋TC频数的季节变化和空间分布.各环境要素对TC、较弱类TC和较强类TC生成频数的影响有显著差异,相对湿度随着TC强度的增强而减弱,风速垂直切变则相反.西北太平洋TC频数年代际变化空间分布的正异常主要分布于130°E以东,(15°N,140°E)附近最大的正异常频数中心主要受绝对涡度和相对湿度正异常变化的影响;负的风速垂直切变和正的相对湿度异常变化引起了(10~15°N,160°E)附近的TC频数正异常.  相似文献   

18.
利用1945~2011年美国联合台风预警中心(JTWC)西北太平洋热带气旋资料,研究了南海(5°N~25°N,110°E~120°E)与西北太平洋(5°N~25°N,120°E~180°)热带气旋生成位置、生成频数、强度和持续时间的季节变化差异及其成因。从热带气旋路径穿越经度带频数的角度,探讨了ENSO对气旋活动年际变化的影响。结果表明,南海热带气旋活动显著地受季风调控。在南海冬季风作用下,1~4月热带气旋生成于10°N以南且频数较少、强度较弱,这主要是低层气旋式相对涡度和弱东风切变区偏南造成的。相反,受夏季风影响,6~9月是热带气旋生成最多、最频繁的季节,大都生成于南海北部17°N附近。在5月(10月)的季节转换期,生成位置大幅度北进(南撤)且生成频数显著增加(减少),取决于风速垂直切变及中层的相对湿度的急剧转变。11、12月两海域热带气旋生成于10°N以南主要归因于其上空中层大气相对湿度较北部偏大。在西北太平洋,热带气旋生成的季节变化没有南海显著,只在7月有一次明显的变化,7~10月是热带气旋活动的"盛期"。在强度上,西北太平洋大部分区域全年均为弱东风切变,因此热带气旋以台风为主且持续时间长;但南海多为热带风暴。ENSO事件使得不同季节热带气旋生成区域和气旋路径地理位置发生显著变化。在El Nio事件期间,穿越南海所在经度带路径频数为负距平,而西北太平洋经度带为正距平;在La Nia事件期间,情况相反。  相似文献   

19.
Future changes in tropical cyclone(TC)activity over the western North Pacific(WNP)under the representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 are investigated based on a set of 21 st century climate change simulations over East Asia with the regional climate model RegCM4 driven by five global models.The RegCM4 reproduces the major features of the observed TC activity over the region in the present-day period of 1986-2005,although with the underestimation of the number of TC genesis and intensity.A low number of TCs making landfall over China is also simulated.By the end of the 21st century(2079-98),the annual mean frequency of TC genesis and occurrence is projected to increase over the WNP by16%and 10%,respectively.The increase in frequency of TC occurrence is in good agreement among the simulations,with the largest increase over the ocean surrounding Taiwan Island and to the south of Japan.The TCs tend to be stronger in the future compared to the present-day period of 1986-2005,with a large increase in the frequency of strong TCs.In addition,more TCs landings are projected over most of the China coast,with an increase of~18%over the whole Chinese territory.  相似文献   

20.
Cluster analysis of tropical cyclone tracks in the Southern Hemisphere   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A probabilistic clustering method is used to describe various aspects of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks in the Southern Hemisphere, for the period 1969–2008. A total of 7 clusters are examined: three in the South Indian Ocean, three in the Australian Region, and one in the South Pacific Ocean. Large-scale environmental variables related to TC genesis in each cluster are explored, including sea surface temperature, low-level relative vorticity, deep-layer vertical wind shear, outgoing longwave radiation, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Composite maps, constructed 2 days prior to genesis, show some of these to be significant precursors to TC formation—most prominently, westerly wind anomalies equatorward of the main development regions. Clusters are also evaluated with respect to their genesis location, seasonality, mean peak intensity, track duration, landfall location, and intensity at landfall. ENSO is found to play a significant role in modulating annual frequency and mean genesis location in three of the seven clusters (two in the South Indian Ocean and one in the Pacific). The ENSO-modulating effect on genesis frequency is caused primarily by changes in low-level zonal flow between the equator and 10°S, and associated relative vorticity changes in the main development regions. ENSO also has a significant effect on mean genesis location in three clusters, with TCs forming further equatorward (poleward) during El Niño (La Niña) in addition to large shifts in mean longitude. The MJO has a strong influence on TC genesis in all clusters, though the amount modulation is found to be sensitive to the definition of the MJO.  相似文献   

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